ViewRootImpl的独白，我不是一个View(布局篇)
2018-03-28 18:03
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前一段时间写过两篇关于View的文章 Activity中的Window的setContentView 和 遇见LayoutInflater&Factory 。分析了Activity设置页面布局到页面View元素进行布局到底经历了一个怎么样的过程？Activity的attach中生成PhoneWindow对象;
setContentView中初始化DecorView（ViewGroup）;
在LayoutInflater进行对布局文件的解析之后更加解析的数据
根据解析出的数据执行View的构造函数进行View的构造，同时生成ViewTree。
为什么接下来继续写这篇文章呢？是因为我在掘金上看到一篇子线程更新View的文章之后，发现自己对View还不是很了，以这个问题为方向看了View相关的源码。发现网络上有些文章对于ViewRootImpl的分析还是有些问题或者疑惑的，所以自己整理过的知识点分享给大家，希望能对大家有帮助。（
MeasureSpec.AT_MOST是最大尺寸，当控件的layout_width或layout_height指定为WRAP_CONTENT时 ，控件大小一般随着控件的子空间或内容进行变化，此时控件尺寸只要不超过父控件允许的最大尺寸即可。因此，此时的mode是AT_MOST，size给出了父控件允许的最大尺寸。
MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED是未指定尺寸，这种情况不多，一般都是父控件是AdapterView,通过measure方法传入的模式。
ViewGroup.javaprotected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec)
protected void measureChildren(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec)
protected void measureChild(View child,int parentWidthMeasureSpec,int parentHeightMeasureSpec)
protected void measureChildWithMargins(View child,int parentWidthMeasureSpec, int widthUsed,int parentHeightMeasureSpec, int heightUsed)
layout方法：是View的放置方法，在View类实现。调用该方法需要传入放置View的矩形空间左上角left、top值和右下角right、bottom值。
View：作为所有图形的基类。
ViewGroup:对View继承扩展为视图容器类。
Window:它概括了Android窗口的基本属性和基本功能。(抽象类)
PhoneWindow:Window的子类。
DecorView：界面的根View，PhoneWindow的内部类。
ViewRootImpl:ViewRoot是GUI管理系统与GUI呈现系统之间的桥梁。
WindowManangerService：简称WMS,它的作用是管理所有应用程序中的窗口，并用于管理用户与这些窗口发生的的各种交互。
View.AttachInfo.Callbacks,HardwareRenderer.HardwareDrawCallbacks{
/*******部分代码省略**********/
}
ViewRootImpl是View中的最高层级，属于所有View的根（
private final WindowManagerGlobal mGlobal = WindowManagerGlobal.getInstance();
@Override
public void addView(@NonNull View view, @NonNull ViewGroup.LayoutParams params){
applyDefaultToken(params);
mGlobal.addView(view, params, mDisplay, mParentWindow);
}
@Override
public void updateViewLayout(@NonNull View view, @NonNull ViewGroup.LayoutParams params){
applyDefaultToken(params);
mGlobal.updateViewLayout(view, params);
}
@Override
public void removeView(View view){
mGlobal.removeView(view, false);
}
/*******部分代码省略**********/
}
/*******部分代码省略**********/
final void handleResumeActivity(IBinder token,
boolean clearHide, boolean isForward, boolean reallyResume){
/*******部分代码省略**********/
// TODO Push resumeArgs into the activity for consideration
ActivityClientRecord r = performResumeActivity(token, clearHide);
if (r != null) {
/*******部分代码省略**********/
if (r.window == null && !a.mFinished && willBeVisible) {
r.window = r.activity.getWindow();
View decor = r.window.getDecorView();
decor.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
ViewManager wm = a.getWindowManager();
WindowManager.LayoutParams l = r.window.getAttributes();
a.mDecor = decor;
//window的类型：一个应用窗口类型（所有的应用窗口类型都展现在最顶部）。
l.type = WindowManager.LayoutParams.TYPE_BASE_APPLICATION;
l.softInputMode |= forwardBit;
if (a.mVisibleFromClient) {
a.mWindowAdded = true;
//将decor添加在WindowManager中
wm.addView(decor, l);
}
// If the window has already been added, but during resume
// we started another activity, then don't yet make the
// window visible.
} else if (!willBeVisible) {
if (localLOGV) Slog.v(
TAG, "Launch " + r + " mStartedActivity set");
r.hideForNow = true;
}
/*******部分代码省略**********/
} else {
// If an exception was thrown when trying to resume, then
// just end this activity.
try {
ActivityManagerNative.getDefault()
.finishActivity(token, Activity.RESULT_CANCELED, null, false);
} catch (RemoteException ex) {
}
}
}
}
创建Window所对应的ViewRootImpl，并将Window所对应的View、ViewRootImpl、LayoutParams顺序添加在WindowManager中。public final class WindowManagerGlobal{
/*******部分代码省略**********/
public void addView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params,
Display display, Window parentWindow){
//检查参数是否合法
if (view == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("view must not be null");
}
if (display == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("display must not be null");
}
if (!(params instanceof WindowManager.LayoutParams)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Params must be WindowManager.LayoutParams");
}
final WindowManager.LayoutParams wparams = (WindowManager.LayoutParams)params;
if (parentWindow != null) {
parentWindow.adjustLayoutParamsForSubWindow(wparams);
} else {
// If there's no parent and we're running on L or above (or in the
// system context), assume we want hardware acceleration.
final Context context = view.getContext();
if (context != null
&& context.getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion >= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) {
wparams.flags |= WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_HARDWARE_ACCELERATED;
}
}
//声明ViwRootImpl
ViewRootImpl root;
View panelParentView = null;
synchronized (mLock) {
// Start watching for system property changes.
if (mSystemPropertyUpdater == null) {
mSystemPropertyUpdater = new Runnable() {
@Override public void run(){
synchronized (mLock) {
for (int i = mRoots.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
mRoots.get(i).loadSystemProperties();
}
}
}
};
SystemProperties.addChangeCallback(mSystemPropertyUpdater);
}
int index = findViewLocked(view, false);
if (index >= 0) {
if (mDyingViews.contains(view)) {
// Don't wait for MSG_DIE to make it's way through root's queue.
mRoots.get(index).doDie();
} else {
throw new IllegalStateException("View " + view
+ " has already been added to the window manager.");
}
// The previous removeView() had not completed executing. Now it has.
}
// If this is a panel window, then find the window it is being
// attached to for future reference.
if (wparams.type >= WindowManager.LayoutParams.FIRST_SUB_WINDOW &&
wparams.type <= WindowManager.LayoutParams.LAST_SUB_WINDOW) {
final int count = mViews.size();
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
if (mRoots.get(i).mWindow.asBinder() == wparams.token) {
panelParentView = mViews.get(i);
}
}
}
//创建ViwRootImpl
root = new ViewRootImpl(view.getContext(), display);
view.setLayoutParams(wparams);
//将Window所对应的View、ViewRootImpl、LayoutParams顺序添加在WindowManager中
mViews.add(view);
mRoots.add(root);
mParams.add(wparams);
}
// do this last because it fires off messages to start doing things
try {
//把将Window所对应的View设置给创建的ViewRootImpl
//通过ViewRootImpl来更新界面并完成Window的添加过程。
root.setView(view, wparams, panelParentView);
} catch (RuntimeException e) {
// BadTokenException or InvalidDisplayException, clean up.
synchronized (mLock) {
final int index = findViewLocked(view, false);
if (index >= 0) {
removeViewLocked(index, true);
}
}
throw e;
}
}
}
View.AttachInfo.Callbacks,HardwareRenderer.HardwareDrawCallbacks{
/*******部分代码省略**********/
/**
* We have one child
*/
public void setView(View view, WindowManager.LayoutParams attrs, View panelParentView){
synchronized (this) {
if (mView == null) {
//ViewRootImpl成员变量view进行复制，以后操作的都是mView。
mView = view;
/*******部分代码省略**********/
//Window在添加完之前先进行一次布局，确保以后能再接受系统其它事件之后重新布局。
//对View完成异步刷新，执行View的绘制方法。
requestLayout();
if ((mWindowAttributes.inputFeatures
& WindowManager.LayoutParams.INPUT_FEATURE_NO_INPUT_CHANNEL) == 0) {
mInputChannel = new InputChannel();
}
try {
mOrigWindowType = mWindowAttributes.type;
mAttachInfo.mRecomputeGlobalAttributes = true;
collectViewAttributes();
//将该Window添加到屏幕。
//mWindowSession实现了IWindowSession接口，它是Session的客户端Binder对象.
//addToDisplay是一次AIDL的跨进程通信，通知WindowManagerService添加IWindow
res = mWindowSession.addToDisplay(mWindow, mSeq, mWindowAttributes,
getHostVisibility(), mDisplay.getDisplayId(),
mAttachInfo.mContentInsets, mAttachInfo.mStableInsets, mInputChannel);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
mAdded = false;
mView = null;
mAttachInfo.mRootView = null;
mInputChannel = null;
mFallbackEventHandler.setView(null);
unscheduleTraversals();
setAccessibilityFocus(null, null);
throw new RuntimeException("Adding window failed", e);
} finally {
if (restore) {
attrs.restore();
}
}
/*******部分代码省略**********/
//设置当前View的mParent
view.assignParent(this);
/*******部分代码省略**********/
}
}
}
}
View.AttachInfo.Callbacks,HardwareRenderer.HardwareDrawCallbacks{
/*******部分代码省略**********/
//请求对界面进行布局
@Override
public void requestLayout(){
if (!mHandlingLayoutInLayoutRequest) {
checkThread();
mLayoutRequested = true;
scheduleTraversals();
}
}
//校验所在线程，mThread是在ViewRootImpl初始化的时候执行mThread = Thread.currentThread()进行赋值的，也就是初始化ViewRootImpl所在的线程。
void checkThread(){
if (mThread != Thread.currentThread()) {
throw new CalledFromWrongThreadException(
"Only the original thread that created a view hierarchy can touch its views.");
}
}
//安排任务
void scheduleTraversals(){
if (!mTraversalScheduled) {
mTraversalScheduled = true;
mTraversalBarrier = mHandler.getLooper().postSyncBarrier();
mChoreographer.postCallback(
Choreographer.CALLBACK_TRAVERSAL, mTraversalRunnable, null);
if (!mUnbufferedInputDispatch) {
scheduleConsumeBatchedInput();
}
notifyRendererOfFramePending();
}
}
final TraversalRunnable mTraversalRunnable = new TraversalRunnable();
final class TraversalRunnableimplements Runnable{
@Override
public void run(){
doTraversal();
}
}
//做任务
void doTraversal(){
if (mTraversalScheduled) {
mTraversalScheduled = false;
mHandler.getLooper().removeSyncBarrier(mTraversalBarrier);
if (mProfile) {
Debug.startMethodTracing("ViewAncestor");
}
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "performTraversals");
try {
//执行任务
performTraversals();
} finally {
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
}
if (mProfile) {
Debug.stopMethodTracing();
mProfile = false;
}
}
}
//执行任务（分别调用mView的measure、layout、draw）
private void performTraversals(){
// cache mView since it is used so much below...
final View host = mView;
/*******部分代码省略**********/
//想要展示窗口的宽高
int desiredWindowWidth;
int desiredWindowHeight;
//开始进行布局准备
if (mFirst || windowShouldResize || insetsChanged ||
viewVisibilityChanged || params != null) {
/*******部分代码省略**********/
if (!mStopped) {
boolean focusChangedDueToTouchMode = ensureTouchModeLocally(
(relayoutResult&WindowManagerGlobal.RELAYOUT_RES_IN_TOUCH_MODE) != 0);
if (focusChangedDueToTouchMode || mWidth != host.getMeasuredWidth()
|| mHeight != host.getMeasuredHeight() || contentInsetsChanged) {
int childWidthMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(mWidth, lp.width);
int childHeightMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(mHeight, lp.height);
// Ask host how big it wants to be
performMeasure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
// Implementation of weights from WindowManager.LayoutParams
// We just grow the dimensions as needed and re-measure if
// needs be
int width = host.getMeasuredWidth();
int height = host.getMeasuredHeight();
boolean measureAgain = false;
/*******部分代码省略**********/
if (measureAgain) {
//View的测量
performMeasure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
}
layoutRequested = true;
}
}
} else {
/*******部分代码省略**********/
}
final boolean didLayout = layoutRequested /*&& !mStopped*/ ;
boolean triggerGlobalLayoutListener = didLayout
|| mAttachInfo.mRecomputeGlobalAttributes;
if (didLayout) {
//View的布局
performLayout(lp, desiredWindowWidth, desiredWindowHeight);
/*******部分代码省略**********/
}
/*******部分代码省略**********/
if (!cancelDraw && !newSurface) {
if (!skipDraw || mReportNextDraw) {
/*******部分代码省略**********/
//View的绘制
performDraw();
}
} else {
if (viewVisibility == View.VISIBLE) {
// Try again
scheduleTraversals();
} else if (mPendingTransitions != null && mPendingTransitions.size() > 0) {
for (int i = 0; i < mPendingTransitions.size(); ++i) {
mPendingTransitions.get(i).endChangingAnimations();
}
mPendingTransitions.clear();
}
}
mIsInTraversal = false;
}
}
DecorView(FrameLayout)的measure;
DecorView(FrameLayout)的onMeasure;
DecorView(FrameLayout)所有子View的measure；
DecorView(FrameLayout)的layout方法；
DecorView(FrameLayout)的onLayout方法；
DecorView(FrameLayout)的layoutChildren方法；
DecorView(FrameLayout)的所有子View的Layout；
在这期间可能View会自己触发布布局请求，所以在此过程会在此调用ViewRootImpl的requestLayout重新进行测量、布局、绘制。public final class ViewRootImplimplements ViewParent,
View.AttachInfo.Callbacks,HardwareRenderer.HardwareDrawCallbacks{
/*******部分代码省略**********/
//请求对ViewRootImpl进行布局
@Override
public void requestLayout(){
if (!mHandlingLayoutInLayoutRequest) {
checkThread();
mLayoutRequested = true;
scheduleTraversals();
}
}
//View的布局
private void performLayout(WindowManager.LayoutParams lp,int desiredWindowWidth,
int desiredWindowHeight){
/*******部分代码省略**********/
final View host = mView;
/*******部分代码省略**********/
try {
//调用View的Layout方法进行布局
host.layout(0, 0, host.getMeasuredWidth(), host.getMeasuredHeight());
mInLayout = false;
//在ViewRootImpl进行布局的期间，Window内的View自己进行requestLayout
int numViewsRequestingLayout = mLayoutRequesters.size();
if (numViewsRequestingLayout > 0) {
// requestLayout() was called during layout.
// If no layout-request flags are set on the requesting views, there is no problem.
// If some requests are still pending, then we need to clear those flags and do
// a full request/measure/layout pass to handle this situation.
ArrayList<View> validLayoutRequesters = getValidLayoutRequesters(mLayoutRequesters,
false);
if (validLayoutRequesters != null) {
// Set this flag to indicate that any further requests are happening during
// the second pass, which may result in posting those requests to the next
// frame instead
mHandlingLayoutInLayoutRequest = true;
// Process fresh layout requests, then measure and layout
int numValidRequests = validLayoutRequesters.size();
for (int i = 0; i < numValidRequests; ++i) {
final View view = validLayoutRequesters.get(i);
Log.w("View", "requestLayout() improperly called by " + view +
" during layout: running second layout pass");
//请求对该View布局，最终回调到ViewRootImpl的requestLayout进行重新测量、布局、绘制
view.requestLayout();
}
measureHierarchy(host, lp, mView.getContext().getResources(),
desiredWindowWidth, desiredWindowHeight);
mInLayout = true;
host.layout(0, 0, host.getMeasuredWidth(), host.getMeasuredHeight());
mHandlingLayoutInLayoutRequest = false;
// Check the valid requests again, this time without checking/clearing the
// layout flags, since requests happening during the second pass get noop'd
validLayoutRequesters = getValidLayoutRequesters(mLayoutRequesters, true);
if (validLayoutRequesters != null) {
final ArrayList<View> finalRequesters = validLayoutRequesters;
// Post second-pass requests to the next frame
getRunQueue().post(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run(){
int numValidRequests = finalRequesters.size();
for (int i = 0; i < numValidRequests; ++i) {
final View view = finalRequesters.get(i);
/*******部分代码省略**********/
//请求对该View布局，最终回调到ViewRootImpl的requestLayout进行重新测量、布局、绘制
view.requestLayout();
}
}
});
}
}
}
} finally {
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
}
mInLayout = false;
}
}
ViewRootImpl的draw；
ViewRootImpl的drawSoftware；
DecorView(FrameLayout)的draw方法；
DecorView(FrameLayout)的dispatchDraw方法；
DecorView(FrameLayout)的drawChild方法；
DecorView(FrameLayout)的所有子View的draw方法；
从上图看在页面进行视图更新的时候会触发
我们可以再异步线程初始化
PS:我们学习Android源码并通过了解其内部实现，我们可以通过技术手段去掉、增加或修改部分代码逻辑。以期望能做出更好的产品、做更细节的优化。但是想这种界面绘制只能发生在主线程规则我们还是必须要遵守的。
setContentView中初始化DecorView（ViewGroup）;
在LayoutInflater进行对布局文件的解析之后更加解析的数据
根据解析出的数据执行View的构造函数进行View的构造，同时生成ViewTree。
为什么接下来继续写这篇文章呢？是因为我在掘金上看到一篇子线程更新View的文章之后，发现自己对View还不是很了，以这个问题为方向看了View相关的源码。发现网络上有些文章对于ViewRootImpl的分析还是有些问题或者疑惑的，所以自己整理过的知识点分享给大家，希望能对大家有帮助。（
源码cm12.1）
View的介绍
最开始学习View的时候最先分析的是它的布局（LinearLayout、FrameLayout、TableLayout、RelativeLayout、AbsoluteLayout）,然后是它的三大方法（measure、layout、draw）。绘制&加载View—–onMeasure()
MeasureSpec.EXACTLY是精确尺寸， 当我们将控件的layout_width或layout_height指定为具体数值时如andorid:layout_width=”50dip”，或者为FILL_PARENT是，都是控件大小已经确定的情况，都是精确尺寸。MeasureSpec.AT_MOST是最大尺寸，当控件的layout_width或layout_height指定为WRAP_CONTENT时 ，控件大小一般随着控件的子空间或内容进行变化，此时控件尺寸只要不超过父控件允许的最大尺寸即可。因此，此时的mode是AT_MOST，size给出了父控件允许的最大尺寸。
MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED是未指定尺寸，这种情况不多，一般都是父控件是AdapterView,通过measure方法传入的模式。
ViewGroup.javaprotected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec)
protected void measureChildren(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec)
protected void measureChild(View child,int parentWidthMeasureSpec,int parentHeightMeasureSpec)
protected void measureChildWithMargins(View child,int parentWidthMeasureSpec, int widthUsed,int parentHeightMeasureSpec, int heightUsed)
绘制&加载View—–onLayout()
onLayout方法：是ViewGroup中子View的布局方法。放置子View很简单，只需在重写onLayout方法，然后获取子View的实例，调用子View的layout方法实现布局。在实际开发中，一般要配合onMeasure测量方法一起使用。View的放置都是根据一个矩形空间放置的。layout方法：是View的放置方法，在View类实现。调用该方法需要传入放置View的矩形空间左上角left、top值和右下角right、bottom值。
绘制&加载View—–onDraw()
public void draw(Canvas canvas) protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) protected void dispatchDraw(Canvas canvas)(View,ViewGroup) protected boolean drawChild(Canvas canvas, View child,long drawingTime)(ViewGroup)
View的解析与生成
View的解析和生成之前在下边的这两篇文章中已经讲述View如何在页面进行展示的，View树是如何生成的。Activity中的Window的setContentViewView对象的生成，属性值的初始化。遇见LayoutInflater&Factory在这两篇文章中用到了一些Android中相关的类：Activity：一个Activity是一个应用程序组件,提供一个屏幕,用户可以用来交互为了完成某项任务,例如拨号、拍照、发送email……。View：作为所有图形的基类。
ViewGroup:对View继承扩展为视图容器类。
Window:它概括了Android窗口的基本属性和基本功能。(抽象类)
PhoneWindow:Window的子类。
DecorView：界面的根View，PhoneWindow的内部类。
ViewRootImpl:ViewRoot是GUI管理系统与GUI呈现系统之间的桥梁。
WindowManangerService：简称WMS,它的作用是管理所有应用程序中的窗口，并用于管理用户与这些窗口发生的的各种交互。
ViewRootImpl简介
The top of a view hierarchy, implementing the needed protocol between View and the WindowManager. This is for the most part an internal implementation detail of {@link WindowManagerGlobal}.public final class ViewRootImplimplements ViewParent,View.AttachInfo.Callbacks,HardwareRenderer.HardwareDrawCallbacks{
/*******部分代码省略**********/
}
ViewRootImpl是View中的最高层级，属于所有View的根（
但ViewRootImpl不是View，只是实现了ViewParent接口），实现了View和WindowManager之间的通信协议，实现的具体细节在WindowManagerGlobal这个类当中。
public interface ViewManager{
//添加View
public void addView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params);
//更新View
public void updateViewLayout(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params);
//移除View
public void removeView(View view);
}上面提到了 WindowManager对
View的添加、更新、删除操作，那么联系这两者之间的
Window呢？Activity中的Window的setContentView 阅读这篇文章我们知道Activity中有Window对象，一个Window对象对应着一个View（
DecorView），
ViewRootImpl就是对这个View进行操作的。我们知道界面所有的元素都是有View构成的，界面上的每一个像素点也都是由View绘制的。Window只是一个抽象的概念，把界面抽象为一个窗口对象，也可以抽象为一个View。
ViewRootImpl与其他类之间的关系
在了解ViewRootImpl与其他类的关系之前，我们先看一副图和一段代码：public final class WindowManagerGlobal{
/*******部分代码省略**********/
//所有Window对象中的View
private final ArrayList<View> mViews = new ArrayList<View>();
//所有Window对象中的View所对应的ViewRootImpl
private final ArrayList<ViewRootImpl> mRoots = new ArrayList<ViewRootImpl>();
//所有Window对象中的View所对应的布局参数
private final ArrayList<WindowManager.LayoutParams> mParams = new ArrayList<WindowManager.LayoutParams>();
/*******部分代码省略**********/
}WindowManagerGlobal在其内部存储着
ViewRootImpl和
View实例的映射关系(顺序存储)。
WindowManager继承与
ViewManger，从
ViewManager这个类名来看就是用来对
View类进行管理的，从
ViewManager接口中的添加、更新、删除View的方法也可以看出来
WindowManager对
View的管理。public final class WindowManagerImplimplements WindowManager{
private final WindowManagerGlobal mGlobal = WindowManagerGlobal.getInstance();
@Override
public void addView(@NonNull View view, @NonNull ViewGroup.LayoutParams params){
applyDefaultToken(params);
mGlobal.addView(view, params, mDisplay, mParentWindow);
}
@Override
public void updateViewLayout(@NonNull View view, @NonNull ViewGroup.LayoutParams params){
applyDefaultToken(params);
mGlobal.updateViewLayout(view, params);
}
@Override
public void removeView(View view){
mGlobal.removeView(view, false);
}
/*******部分代码省略**********/
}
WindowManagerImpl为
WindowManager的实现类。
WindowManagerImpl内部方法实现都是由代理类
WindowManagerGlobal完成，而
WindowManagerGlobal是一个单例，也就是一个进程中只有一个
WindowManagerGlobal对象服务于所有页面的View。
ViewRootImpl的初始化
在Activity的onResume之后，当前Activity的Window对象中的View会被添加在WindowManager中。public final class ActivityThread{/*******部分代码省略**********/
final void handleResumeActivity(IBinder token,
boolean clearHide, boolean isForward, boolean reallyResume){
/*******部分代码省略**********/
// TODO Push resumeArgs into the activity for consideration
ActivityClientRecord r = performResumeActivity(token, clearHide);
if (r != null) {
/*******部分代码省略**********/
if (r.window == null && !a.mFinished && willBeVisible) {
r.window = r.activity.getWindow();
View decor = r.window.getDecorView();
decor.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
ViewManager wm = a.getWindowManager();
WindowManager.LayoutParams l = r.window.getAttributes();
a.mDecor = decor;
//window的类型：一个应用窗口类型（所有的应用窗口类型都展现在最顶部）。
l.type = WindowManager.LayoutParams.TYPE_BASE_APPLICATION;
l.softInputMode |= forwardBit;
if (a.mVisibleFromClient) {
a.mWindowAdded = true;
//将decor添加在WindowManager中
wm.addView(decor, l);
}
// If the window has already been added, but during resume
// we started another activity, then don't yet make the
// window visible.
} else if (!willBeVisible) {
if (localLOGV) Slog.v(
TAG, "Launch " + r + " mStartedActivity set");
r.hideForNow = true;
}
/*******部分代码省略**********/
} else {
// If an exception was thrown when trying to resume, then
// just end this activity.
try {
ActivityManagerNative.getDefault()
.finishActivity(token, Activity.RESULT_CANCELED, null, false);
} catch (RemoteException ex) {
}
}
}
}
创建Window所对应的ViewRootImpl，并将Window所对应的View、ViewRootImpl、LayoutParams顺序添加在WindowManager中。public final class WindowManagerGlobal{
/*******部分代码省略**********/
public void addView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params,
Display display, Window parentWindow){
//检查参数是否合法
if (view == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("view must not be null");
}
if (display == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("display must not be null");
}
if (!(params instanceof WindowManager.LayoutParams)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Params must be WindowManager.LayoutParams");
}
final WindowManager.LayoutParams wparams = (WindowManager.LayoutParams)params;
if (parentWindow != null) {
parentWindow.adjustLayoutParamsForSubWindow(wparams);
} else {
// If there's no parent and we're running on L or above (or in the
// system context), assume we want hardware acceleration.
final Context context = view.getContext();
if (context != null
&& context.getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion >= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) {
wparams.flags |= WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_HARDWARE_ACCELERATED;
}
}
//声明ViwRootImpl
ViewRootImpl root;
View panelParentView = null;
synchronized (mLock) {
// Start watching for system property changes.
if (mSystemPropertyUpdater == null) {
mSystemPropertyUpdater = new Runnable() {
@Override public void run(){
synchronized (mLock) {
for (int i = mRoots.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
mRoots.get(i).loadSystemProperties();
}
}
}
};
SystemProperties.addChangeCallback(mSystemPropertyUpdater);
}
int index = findViewLocked(view, false);
if (index >= 0) {
if (mDyingViews.contains(view)) {
// Don't wait for MSG_DIE to make it's way through root's queue.
mRoots.get(index).doDie();
} else {
throw new IllegalStateException("View " + view
+ " has already been added to the window manager.");
}
// The previous removeView() had not completed executing. Now it has.
}
// If this is a panel window, then find the window it is being
// attached to for future reference.
if (wparams.type >= WindowManager.LayoutParams.FIRST_SUB_WINDOW &&
wparams.type <= WindowManager.LayoutParams.LAST_SUB_WINDOW) {
final int count = mViews.size();
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
if (mRoots.get(i).mWindow.asBinder() == wparams.token) {
panelParentView = mViews.get(i);
}
}
}
//创建ViwRootImpl
root = new ViewRootImpl(view.getContext(), display);
view.setLayoutParams(wparams);
//将Window所对应的View、ViewRootImpl、LayoutParams顺序添加在WindowManager中
mViews.add(view);
mRoots.add(root);
mParams.add(wparams);
}
// do this last because it fires off messages to start doing things
try {
//把将Window所对应的View设置给创建的ViewRootImpl
//通过ViewRootImpl来更新界面并完成Window的添加过程。
root.setView(view, wparams, panelParentView);
} catch (RuntimeException e) {
// BadTokenException or InvalidDisplayException, clean up.
synchronized (mLock) {
final int index = findViewLocked(view, false);
if (index >= 0) {
removeViewLocked(index, true);
}
}
throw e;
}
}
}
ViewRootImpl绑定Window所对应的View
ViewRootImpl绑定Window所对应的View，并对该View进行测量、布局、绘制等。public final class ViewRootImplimplements ViewParent,View.AttachInfo.Callbacks,HardwareRenderer.HardwareDrawCallbacks{
/*******部分代码省略**********/
/**
* We have one child
*/
public void setView(View view, WindowManager.LayoutParams attrs, View panelParentView){
synchronized (this) {
if (mView == null) {
//ViewRootImpl成员变量view进行复制，以后操作的都是mView。
mView = view;
/*******部分代码省略**********/
//Window在添加完之前先进行一次布局，确保以后能再接受系统其它事件之后重新布局。
//对View完成异步刷新，执行View的绘制方法。
requestLayout();
if ((mWindowAttributes.inputFeatures
& WindowManager.LayoutParams.INPUT_FEATURE_NO_INPUT_CHANNEL) == 0) {
mInputChannel = new InputChannel();
}
try {
mOrigWindowType = mWindowAttributes.type;
mAttachInfo.mRecomputeGlobalAttributes = true;
collectViewAttributes();
//将该Window添加到屏幕。
//mWindowSession实现了IWindowSession接口，它是Session的客户端Binder对象.
//addToDisplay是一次AIDL的跨进程通信，通知WindowManagerService添加IWindow
res = mWindowSession.addToDisplay(mWindow, mSeq, mWindowAttributes,
getHostVisibility(), mDisplay.getDisplayId(),
mAttachInfo.mContentInsets, mAttachInfo.mStableInsets, mInputChannel);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
mAdded = false;
mView = null;
mAttachInfo.mRootView = null;
mInputChannel = null;
mFallbackEventHandler.setView(null);
unscheduleTraversals();
setAccessibilityFocus(null, null);
throw new RuntimeException("Adding window failed", e);
} finally {
if (restore) {
attrs.restore();
}
}
/*******部分代码省略**********/
//设置当前View的mParent
view.assignParent(this);
/*******部分代码省略**********/
}
}
}
}
ViewRootImpl对mView进行操作
对View的操作包括文章最开始讲述的测量、布局、绘制，其过程主要是在ViewRootImpl的performTraversals方法中。public final class ViewRootImplimplements ViewParent,View.AttachInfo.Callbacks,HardwareRenderer.HardwareDrawCallbacks{
/*******部分代码省略**********/
//请求对界面进行布局
@Override
public void requestLayout(){
if (!mHandlingLayoutInLayoutRequest) {
checkThread();
mLayoutRequested = true;
scheduleTraversals();
}
}
//校验所在线程，mThread是在ViewRootImpl初始化的时候执行mThread = Thread.currentThread()进行赋值的，也就是初始化ViewRootImpl所在的线程。
void checkThread(){
if (mThread != Thread.currentThread()) {
throw new CalledFromWrongThreadException(
"Only the original thread that created a view hierarchy can touch its views.");
}
}
//安排任务
void scheduleTraversals(){
if (!mTraversalScheduled) {
mTraversalScheduled = true;
mTraversalBarrier = mHandler.getLooper().postSyncBarrier();
mChoreographer.postCallback(
Choreographer.CALLBACK_TRAVERSAL, mTraversalRunnable, null);
if (!mUnbufferedInputDispatch) {
scheduleConsumeBatchedInput();
}
notifyRendererOfFramePending();
}
}
final TraversalRunnable mTraversalRunnable = new TraversalRunnable();
final class TraversalRunnableimplements Runnable{
@Override
public void run(){
doTraversal();
}
}
//做任务
void doTraversal(){
if (mTraversalScheduled) {
mTraversalScheduled = false;
mHandler.getLooper().removeSyncBarrier(mTraversalBarrier);
if (mProfile) {
Debug.startMethodTracing("ViewAncestor");
}
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "performTraversals");
try {
//执行任务
performTraversals();
} finally {
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
}
if (mProfile) {
Debug.stopMethodTracing();
mProfile = false;
}
}
}
//执行任务（分别调用mView的measure、layout、draw）
private void performTraversals(){
// cache mView since it is used so much below...
final View host = mView;
/*******部分代码省略**********/
//想要展示窗口的宽高
int desiredWindowWidth;
int desiredWindowHeight;
//开始进行布局准备
if (mFirst || windowShouldResize || insetsChanged ||
viewVisibilityChanged || params != null) {
/*******部分代码省略**********/
if (!mStopped) {
boolean focusChangedDueToTouchMode = ensureTouchModeLocally(
(relayoutResult&WindowManagerGlobal.RELAYOUT_RES_IN_TOUCH_MODE) != 0);
if (focusChangedDueToTouchMode || mWidth != host.getMeasuredWidth()
|| mHeight != host.getMeasuredHeight() || contentInsetsChanged) {
int childWidthMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(mWidth, lp.width);
int childHeightMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(mHeight, lp.height);
// Ask host how big it wants to be
performMeasure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
// Implementation of weights from WindowManager.LayoutParams
// We just grow the dimensions as needed and re-measure if
// needs be
int width = host.getMeasuredWidth();
int height = host.getMeasuredHeight();
boolean measureAgain = false;
/*******部分代码省略**********/
if (measureAgain) {
//View的测量
performMeasure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
}
layoutRequested = true;
}
}
} else {
/*******部分代码省略**********/
}
final boolean didLayout = layoutRequested /*&& !mStopped*/ ;
boolean triggerGlobalLayoutListener = didLayout
|| mAttachInfo.mRecomputeGlobalAttributes;
if (didLayout) {
//View的布局
performLayout(lp, desiredWindowWidth, desiredWindowHeight);
/*******部分代码省略**********/
}
/*******部分代码省略**********/
if (!cancelDraw && !newSurface) {
if (!skipDraw || mReportNextDraw) {
/*******部分代码省略**********/
//View的绘制
performDraw();
}
} else {
if (viewVisibility == View.VISIBLE) {
// Try again
scheduleTraversals();
} else if (mPendingTransitions != null && mPendingTransitions.size() > 0) {
for (int i = 0; i < mPendingTransitions.size(); ++i) {
mPendingTransitions.get(i).endChangingAnimations();
}
mPendingTransitions.clear();
}
}
mIsInTraversal = false;
}
}
View的测量
ViewRootImpl调用performMeasure执行Window对应的View的测量。ViewRootImpl的performMeasure;DecorView(FrameLayout)的measure;
DecorView(FrameLayout)的onMeasure;
DecorView(FrameLayout)所有子View的measure；
public final class ViewRootImplimplements ViewParent,
View.AttachInfo.Callbacks,HardwareRenderer.HardwareDrawCallbacks{
/*******部分代码省略**********/
//View的测量
private void performMeasure(int childWidthMeasureSpec, int childHeightMeasureSpec){
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "measure");
try {
//mView在Activity中为DecorView（FrameLayout）
mView.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
} finally {
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
}
}
}View的布局
ViewRootImpl调用performLayout执行Window对应的View的布局。ViewRootImpl的performLayout；DecorView(FrameLayout)的layout方法；
DecorView(FrameLayout)的onLayout方法；
DecorView(FrameLayout)的layoutChildren方法；
DecorView(FrameLayout)的所有子View的Layout；
在这期间可能View会自己触发布布局请求，所以在此过程会在此调用ViewRootImpl的requestLayout重新进行测量、布局、绘制。public final class ViewRootImplimplements ViewParent,
View.AttachInfo.Callbacks,HardwareRenderer.HardwareDrawCallbacks{
/*******部分代码省略**********/
//请求对ViewRootImpl进行布局
@Override
public void requestLayout(){
if (!mHandlingLayoutInLayoutRequest) {
checkThread();
mLayoutRequested = true;
scheduleTraversals();
}
}
//View的布局
private void performLayout(WindowManager.LayoutParams lp,int desiredWindowWidth,
int desiredWindowHeight){
/*******部分代码省略**********/
final View host = mView;
/*******部分代码省略**********/
try {
//调用View的Layout方法进行布局
host.layout(0, 0, host.getMeasuredWidth(), host.getMeasuredHeight());
mInLayout = false;
//在ViewRootImpl进行布局的期间，Window内的View自己进行requestLayout
int numViewsRequestingLayout = mLayoutRequesters.size();
if (numViewsRequestingLayout > 0) {
// requestLayout() was called during layout.
// If no layout-request flags are set on the requesting views, there is no problem.
// If some requests are still pending, then we need to clear those flags and do
// a full request/measure/layout pass to handle this situation.
ArrayList<View> validLayoutRequesters = getValidLayoutRequesters(mLayoutRequesters,
false);
if (validLayoutRequesters != null) {
// Set this flag to indicate that any further requests are happening during
// the second pass, which may result in posting those requests to the next
// frame instead
mHandlingLayoutInLayoutRequest = true;
// Process fresh layout requests, then measure and layout
int numValidRequests = validLayoutRequesters.size();
for (int i = 0; i < numValidRequests; ++i) {
final View view = validLayoutRequesters.get(i);
Log.w("View", "requestLayout() improperly called by " + view +
" during layout: running second layout pass");
//请求对该View布局，最终回调到ViewRootImpl的requestLayout进行重新测量、布局、绘制
view.requestLayout();
}
measureHierarchy(host, lp, mView.getContext().getResources(),
desiredWindowWidth, desiredWindowHeight);
mInLayout = true;
host.layout(0, 0, host.getMeasuredWidth(), host.getMeasuredHeight());
mHandlingLayoutInLayoutRequest = false;
// Check the valid requests again, this time without checking/clearing the
// layout flags, since requests happening during the second pass get noop'd
validLayoutRequesters = getValidLayoutRequesters(mLayoutRequesters, true);
if (validLayoutRequesters != null) {
final ArrayList<View> finalRequesters = validLayoutRequesters;
// Post second-pass requests to the next frame
getRunQueue().post(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run(){
int numValidRequests = finalRequesters.size();
for (int i = 0; i < numValidRequests; ++i) {
final View view = finalRequesters.get(i);
/*******部分代码省略**********/
//请求对该View布局，最终回调到ViewRootImpl的requestLayout进行重新测量、布局、绘制
view.requestLayout();
}
}
});
}
}
}
} finally {
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
}
mInLayout = false;
}
}
View的绘制
ViewRootImpl调用performDraw执行Window对应的View的布局。ViewRootImpl的performDraw；ViewRootImpl的draw；
ViewRootImpl的drawSoftware；
DecorView(FrameLayout)的draw方法；
DecorView(FrameLayout)的dispatchDraw方法；
DecorView(FrameLayout)的drawChild方法；
DecorView(FrameLayout)的所有子View的draw方法；
public final class ViewRootImplimplements ViewParent,
View.AttachInfo.Callbacks,HardwareRenderer.HardwareDrawCallbacks{
/*******部分代码省略**********/
//View的绘制
private void performDraw(){
if (mAttachInfo.mDisplayState == Display.STATE_OFF && !mReportNextDraw) {
return;
}
final boolean fullRedrawNeeded = mFullRedrawNeeded;
mFullRedrawNeeded = false;
mIsDrawing = true;
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "draw");
try {
draw(fullRedrawNeeded);
} finally {
mIsDrawing = false;
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
}
/*******部分代码省略**********/
}
//进行绘制
private void draw(boolean fullRedrawNeeded){
/*******部分代码省略**********/
//View上添加的Observer进行绘制事件的分发
mAttachInfo.mTreeObserver.dispatchOnDraw();
if (!dirty.isEmpty() || mIsAnimating || accessibilityFocusDirty) {
if (mAttachInfo.mHardwareRenderer != null && mAttachInfo.mHardwareRenderer.isEnabled()) {
/*******部分代码省略**********/
//调用Window对应的ViewRootImpl的invalidate方法
mAttachInfo.mHardwareRenderer.draw(mView, mAttachInfo, this);
} else {
/*******部分代码省略**********/
//绘制Window
if (!drawSoftware(surface, mAttachInfo, xOffset, yOffset, scalingRequired, dirty)) {
return;
}
}
}
if (animating) {
mFullRedrawNeeded = true;
scheduleTraversals();
}
}
void invalidate(){
mDirty.set(0, 0, mWidth, mHeight);
if (!mWillDrawSoon) {
scheduleTraversals();
}
}
/**
*@returntrue if drawing was successful, false if an error occurred
*/
private boolean drawSoftware(Surface surface, AttachInfo attachInfo,int xoff, int yoff,
boolean scalingRequired, Rect dirty){
/*******部分代码省略**********/
try {
/*******部分代码省略**********/
try {
canvas.translate(-xoff, -yoff);
if (mTranslator != null) {
mTranslator.translateCanvas(canvas);
}
canvas.setScreenDensity(scalingRequired ? mNoncompatDensity : 0);
attachInfo.mSetIgnoreDirtyState = false;
//View绘制
mView.draw(canvas);
drawAccessibilityFocusedDrawableIfNeeded(canvas);
} finally {
if (!attachInfo.mSetIgnoreDirtyState) {
// Only clear the flag if it was not set during the mView.draw() call
attachInfo.mIgnoreDirtyState = false;
}
}
} finally {
/*******部分代码省略**********/
}
return true;
}
}异步线程更新视图
异步线程中到底是否能对视图进行更新呢？我们先看看TextView.setText方法的代码执行流程图。
从上图看在页面进行视图更新的时候会触发
checkThread,校验当前线程是否是
ViewRootImpl被创建时所在的线程。而
ViewRootImpl的创建是在Activity的
onResume生命周期之后。我们可以再
onResume之前在异步线程进行视图更新,因为这个时候不会发生线程校验。
我们可以再异步线程初始化
ViewRootImpl同时在该线程进行视图更新。
PS:我们学习Android源码并通过了解其内部实现，我们可以通过技术手段去掉、增加或修改部分代码逻辑。以期望能做出更好的产品、做更细节的优化。但是想这种界面绘制只能发生在主线程规则我们还是必须要遵守的。
两个线程不能同时draw，否则屏幕会花；不能同时写一块内存，否则内存会花；不能同时写一份文件，否则文件会花。同一时刻只有一个线程可以做ui，那么当两个线程互斥几率较大时，或者保证互斥的代码复杂时，选择其中一个长期持有其他发消息就是典型的解决方案。所以普遍的要求ui只能单线程。
Activity、Dialog、Toast的ViewRootImpl的不同
文章前面内容都是站在Activity的角度来进行代码解析的，因此我们不再对Dialog和Toast与Activity做具体分析，主要来看看它们与Activity有什么不同之处。详见： Dialog、Toast的Window和ViewRootImpl 。总结
通过对ViewRootImpl的更细节的分析，我们再看自定义View的布局时的一些方法会更加清楚（知其然且知其所以然）。同时也解开了Android中异步线程更新View的谜底。
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