Spring Boot 入门之 Web 篇(二)
2017-11-24 后端 阅读量742
一、前言
上一篇
《Spring Boot 入门之基础篇(一)》介绍了 Spring Boot 的环境搭建以及项目启动打包等基础内容,本篇继续深入介绍 Spring Boot 与 Web 开发相关的知识。
二、整合模板引擎
由于 jsp 不被 SpringBoot 推荐使用,所以模板引擎主要介绍 Freemarker 和 Thymeleaf。
2.1 整合 Freemarker
2.1.1 添加 Freemarker 依赖
1234 | <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-freemarker</artifactId></dependency> |
2.1.2 添加 Freemarker 模板配置
在 application.properties 中添加如下内容:
12345678910 | spring.freemarker.allow-request-override=falsespring.freemarker.cache=truespring.freemarker.check-template-location=truespring.freemarker.charset=UTF-8spring.freemarker.content-type=text/htmlspring.freemarker.expose-request-attributes=falsespring.freemarker.expose-session-attributes=falsespring.freemarker.expose-spring-macro-helpers=falsespring.freemarker.prefix=spring.freemarker.suffix=.ftl |
上述配置都是默认值。
2.1.3 Freemarker 案例演示
在 controller 包中创建 FreemarkerController:
1234567891011 | @Controller@RequestMapping("freemarker")public class FreemarkerController { @RequestMapping("hello") public String hello(Map<String,Object> map) { map.put("msg", "Hello Freemarker"); return "hello"; }} |
在 templates 目录中创建名为 hello.ftl 文件,内容如下:
12345678910111213 | <!DOCTYPE html><html lang="zh"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title> <link href="/css/index.css" rel="stylesheet"/></head><body> <div class="container"> <h2>${msg}</h2> </div></body></html> |
结果如下:
image
2.2 整合 Thymeleaf
2.2.1 添加 Thymeleaf 依赖
在 pom.xml 文件中添加:
1234 | <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId></dependency> |
2.2.2 添加 Thymeleaf 模板配置
在 application.properties 中添加如下内容:
123456 | spring.thymeleaf.cache=truespring.thymeleaf.prefix=classpath:/templates/spring.thymeleaf.suffix=.htmlspring.thymeleaf.mode=HTML5spring.thymeleaf.encoding=UTF-8spring.thymeleaf.content-type=text/html |
上述配置都是默认值。
2.2.3 Thymeleaf 案例演示
在 controller 包中创建 ThymeleafController:
12345678910 | @Controller@RequestMapping("thymeleaf")public class ThymeleafController { @RequestMapping("hello") public String hello(Map<String,Object> map) { map.put("msg", "Hello Thymeleaf"); return "hello"; }} |
在 template 目录下创建名为 hello.html 的文件,内容如下:
12345678910111213 | <!DOCTYPE html><html lang="zh"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Document</title> <link href="/css/index.css" rel="stylesheet"/></head><body> <div class="container"> <h2 th:text="${msg}"></h2> </div></body></html> |
结果如下:
image
三、整合 Fastjson
3.1 添加依赖
12345 | <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId> <version>1.2.35</version></dependency> |
3.2 整合 Fastjson
创建一个配置管理类 WebConfig ,如下:
123456789101112131415161718 | @Configurationpublic class WebConfig { @Bean public HttpMessageConverters fastJsonHttpMessageConverters() { FastJsonHttpMessageConverter fastJsonHttpMessageConverter = new FastJsonHttpMessageConverter(); FastJsonConfig fastJsonConfig = new FastJsonConfig(); fastJsonConfig.setSerializerFeatures(SerializerFeature.PrettyFormat); fastJsonHttpMessageConverter.setFastJsonConfig(fastJsonConfig); HttpMessageConverter<?> converter = fastJsonHttpMessageConverter; return new HttpMessageConverters(converter); }} |
3.3 演示案例:
创建一个实体类 User:
1234567891011 | public class User { private Integer id; private String username; private String password; private Date birthday;} |
getter 和 setter 此处省略。创建控制器类 FastjsonController :
1234567891011121314151617 | @Controller@RequestMapping("fastjson")public class FastJsonController { @RequestMapping("/test") @ResponseBody public User test() { User user = new User(); user.setId(1); user.setUsername("jack"); user.setPassword("jack123"); user.setBirthday(new Date()); return user; }} |
打开浏览器,访问
http://localhost:8080/fastjson/test,结果如下图:
image此时,还不能看出 Fastjson 是否正常工作,我们在 User 类中使用 Fastjson 的注解,如下内容:
12 | @JSONField(format="yyyy-MM-dd")private Date birthday; |
再次访问
http://localhost:8080/fastjson/test,结果如下图:
image日期格式与我们修改的内容格式一致,说明 Fastjson 整合成功。
四、自定义 Servlet
4.1 编写 Servlet
1234567891011121314 | public class ServletTest extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { doPost(req, resp); } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8"); resp.getWriter().write("自定义 Servlet"); } } |
4.2 注册 Servlet
将 Servelt 注册成 Bean。在上文创建的 WebConfig 类中添加如下代码:
1234 | @Beanpublic ServletRegistrationBean servletRegistrationBean() { return new ServletRegistrationBean(new ServletTest(),"/servletTest");} |
结果如下:
image
五、自定义过滤器/第三方过滤器
5.1 编写过滤器
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425 | public class TimeFilter implements Filter { @Override public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException { System.out.println("=======初始化过滤器========="); } @Override public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException { long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); filterChain.doFilter(request, response); System.out.println("filter 耗时:" + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start)); } @Override public void destroy() { System.out.println("=======销毁过滤器========="); }} |
5.2 注册过滤器
要是该过滤器生效,有两种方式:1) 使用 @Component 注解2) 添加到过滤器链中,此方式适用于使用第三方的过滤器。将过滤器写到 WebConfig 类中,如下:
12345678910111213 | @Beanpublic FilterRegistrationBean timeFilter() { FilterRegistrationBean registrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean(); TimeFilter timeFilter = new TimeFilter(); registrationBean.setFilter(timeFilter); List<String> urls = new ArrayList<>(); urls.add("/*"); registrationBean.setUrlPatterns(urls); return registrationBean;} |
结果如下:
image
六、自定义监听器
6.1 编写监听器
12345678910111213 | public class ListenerTest implements ServletContextListener { @Override public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) { System.out.println("监听器初始化..."); } @Override public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) { }} |
6.2 注册监听器
注册监听器为 Bean,在 WebConfig 配置类中添加如下代码:
1234 | @Beanpublic ServletListenerRegistrationBean<ListenerTest> servletListenerRegistrationBean() { return new ServletListenerRegistrationBean<ListenerTest>(new ListenerTest());} |
当启动容器时,结果如下:
image针对自定义 Servlet、Filter 和 Listener 的配置,还有另一种方式:
12345678910111213141516171819 | @SpringBootApplicationpublic class SpringbootWebApplication implements ServletContextInitializer { @Override public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException { // 配置 Servlet servletContext.addServlet("servletTest",new ServletTest()) .addMapping("/servletTest"); // 配置过滤器 servletContext.addFilter("timeFilter",new TimeFilter()) .addMappingForUrlPatterns(EnumSet.of(DispatcherType.REQUEST),true,"/*"); // 配置监听器 servletContext.addListener(new ListenerTest()); } public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(SpringbootWebApplication.class, args); }} |
七、自定义拦截器
7.1 编写拦截器
使用 @Component 让 Spring 管理其生命周期:
123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536 | @Componentpublic class TimeInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor { @Override public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception { System.out.println("========preHandle========="); System.out.println(((HandlerMethod)handler).getBean().getClass().getName()); System.out.println(((HandlerMethod)handler).getMethod().getName()); request.setAttribute("startTime", System.currentTimeMillis()); return true; } @Override public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception { System.out.println("========postHandle========="); Long start = (Long) request.getAttribute("startTime"); System.out.println("耗时:"+(System.currentTimeMillis() - start)); } @Override public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception exception) throws Exception { System.out.println("========afterCompletion========="); Long start = (Long) request.getAttribute("startTime"); System.out.println("耗时:"+(System.currentTimeMillis() - start)); System.out.println(exception); }} |
7.2 注册拦截器
编写拦截器后,我们还需要将其注册到拦截器链中,如下配置:
12345678910111213 | @Configurationpublic class WebConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter{ @Autowired private TimeInterceptor timeInterceptor; @Override public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) { registry.addInterceptor(timeInterceptor); }} |
请求一个 controller ,结果如下:
image
八、配置 AOP 切面
8.1 添加依赖
1234 | <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-aop</artifactId></dependency> |
8.2 编写切面类
使用 @Component,@Aspect 标记到切面类上:
12345678910111213141516171819202122 | @Aspect@Componentpublic class TimeAspect { @Around("execution(* com.light.springboot.controller.FastJsonController..*(..))") public Object method(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) throws Throwable { System.out.println("=====Aspect处理======="); Object[] args = pjp.getArgs(); for (Object arg : args) { System.out.println("参数为:" + arg); } long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); Object object = pjp.proceed(); System.out.println("Aspect 耗时:" + (System.currentTimeMillis() - start)); return object; }} |
请求 FastJsonController 控制器的方法,结果如下:
image
九、错误处理
9.1 友好页面
先演示非友好页面,修改 FastJsonController 类中的 test 方法:
12345678910111213141516171819 | @RestController@RequestMapping("fastjson")public class FastJsonController { @RequestMapping("/test") public User test() { User user = new User(); user.setId(1); user.setUsername("jack"); user.setPassword("jack123"); user.setBirthday(new Date()); // 模拟异常 int i = 1/0; return user; }} |
浏览器请求:
http://localhost:8080/fastjson/test,结果如下:
image当系统报错时,返回到页面的内容通常是一些杂乱的代码段,这种显示对用户来说不友好,因此我们需要自定义一个友好的提示系统异常的页面。在 src/main/resources 下创建 /public/error,在该目录下再创建一个名为 5xx.html 文件,该页面的内容就是当系统报错时返回给用户浏览的内容:
12345678910111213 | <!DOCTYPE html><html lang="zh"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>系统错误</title> <link href="/css/index.css" rel="stylesheet"/></head><body> <div class="container"> <h2>系统内部错误</h2> </div></body></html> |
路径时固定的,Spring Boot 会在系统报错时将返回视图指向该目录下的文件。如下图:
image上边处理的 5xx 状态码的问题,接下来解决 404 状态码的问题。当出现 404 的情况时,用户浏览的页面也不够友好,因此我们也需要自定义一个友好的页面给用户展示。在 /public/error 目录下再创建一个名为 404.html 的文件:
12345678910111213 | <!DOCTYPE html><html lang="zh"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>访问异常</title> <link href="/css/index.css" rel="stylesheet"/></head><body> <div class="container"> <h2>找不到页面</h2> </div></body></html> |
我们请求一个不存在的资源,如:
http://localhost:8080/fastjson/test2,结果如下图:
image
9.2 全局异常捕获
如果项目前后端是通过 JSON 进行数据通信,则当出现异常时可以常用如下方式处理异常信息。编写一个类充当全局异常的处理类,需要使用 @ControllerAdvice 和 @ExceptionHandler 注解:
123456789101112131415161718 | @ControllerAdvicepublic class GlobalDefaultExceptionHandler { /** * 处理 Exception 类型的异常 * @param e * @return */ @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class) @ResponseBody public Map<String,Object> defaultExceptionHandler(Exception e) { Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<String,Object>(); map.put("code", 500); map.put("msg", e.getMessage()); return map; }} |
其中,方法名为任意名,入参一般使用 Exception 异常类,方法返回值可自定义。启动项目,访问
http://localhost:8080/fastjson/test,结果如下图:
image我们还可以自定义异常,在全局异常的处理类中捕获和判断,从而对不同的异常做出不同的处理。
十、文件上传和下载
10.1 添加依赖
123456 | <!-- 工具 --><dependency> <groupId>commons-io</groupId> <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId> <version>2.4</version></dependency> |
10.2 实现
编写一个实体类,用于封装返回信息:
1234567891011121314151617 | public class FileInfo { private String path; public FileInfo(String path) { this.path = path; } public String getPath() { return path; } public void setPath(String path) { this.path = path; } } |
编写 Controller,用于处理文件上传下载:
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334 | @RestController@RequestMapping("/file")public class FileController { private String path = "d:\\"; @PostMapping public FileInfo upload(MultipartFile file) throws Exception { System.out.println(file.getName()); System.out.println(file.getOriginalFilename()); System.out.println(file.getSize()); File localFile = new File(path, file.getOriginalFilename()); file.transferTo(localFile); return new FileInfo(localFile.getAbsolutePath()); } @GetMapping("/{id}") public void download(@PathVariable String id, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { try (InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(new File(path, id + ".jpg")); OutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream();) { response.setContentType("application/x-download"); response.addHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + id + ".jpg"); IOUtils.copy(inputStream, outputStream); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }} |
基本上都是在学习 javaweb 时用到的 API。文件上传测试结果如下图:
image
十一、CORS 支持
前端页面:
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728 | <!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>跨域测试</title></head><body> <button id="test">测试</button> <script type="text/javascript" src="jquery-1.12.3.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(function() { $("#test").on("click", function() { $.ajax({ "url": "http://localhost:8080/fastjson/test", "type": "get", "dataType": "json", "success": function(data) { console.log(data); } }) }); }); </script></body></html> |
通过 http 容器启动前端页面代码,笔者使用 Sublime Text 的插件启动的,测试结果如下:
image从图中可知,前端服务器启动端口为 8088 与后端服务器 8080 不同源,因此出现跨域的问题。现在开始解决跨域问题,可以两种维度控制客户端请求。粗粒度控制:方式一
1234567891011121314 | @Configurationpublic class WebConfig { @Bean public WebMvcConfigurer corsConfigurer() { return new WebMvcConfigurerAdapter() { @Override public void addCorsMappings(CorsRegistry registry) { registry.addMapping("/fastjson/**") .allowedOrigins("http://localhost:8088");// 允许 8088 端口访问 } }; }} |
方式二
123456789 | @Configurationpublic class WebConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter{ @Override public void addCorsMappings(CorsRegistry registry) { registry.addMapping("/fastjson/**") .allowedOrigins("http://localhost:8088");// 允许 8088 端口访问 }} |
配置后,重新发送请求,结果如下:
image细粒度控制:在 FastJsonController 类中的方法上添加 @CrossOrigin(origins=”xx”) 注解:
123456789101112 | @RequestMapping("/test")@CrossOrigin(origins="http://localhost:8088")public User test() { User user = new User(); user.setId(1); user.setUsername("jack"); user.setPassword("jack123"); user.setBirthday(new Date()); return user;} |
在使用该注解时,需要注意 @RequestMapping 使用的请求方式类型,即 GET 或 POST。
十二、整合 WebSocket
12.1 添加依赖
1234 | <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-websocket</artifactId></dependency> |
12.2 实现方式
方式一:该方式只适用于通过 jar 包直接运行项目的情况。WebSocket 配置类:
123456789 | @Configurationpublic class WebSocketConfig { @Bean public ServerEndpointExporter serverEndpointExporter() { return new ServerEndpointExporter(); }} |
WebSocket 处理类:
123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960 | @ServerEndpoint(value = "/webSocketServer/{userName}")@Componentpublic class WebSocketServer { private static final Set<WebSocketServer> connections = new CopyOnWriteArraySet<>(); private String nickname; private Session session; private static String getDatetime(Date date) { SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); return format.format(date); } @OnOpen public void start(@PathParam("userName") String userName, Session session) { this.nickname = userName; this.session = session; connections.add(this); String message = String.format("* %s %s", nickname, "加入聊天!"); broadcast(message); } @OnClose public void end() { connections.remove(this); String message = String.format("* %s %s", nickname, "退出聊天!"); broadcast(message); } @OnMessage public void pushMsg(String message) { broadcast("【" + this.nickname + "】" + getDatetime(new Date()) + " : " + message); } @OnError public void onError(Throwable t) throws Throwable { } private static void broadcast(String msg) { // 广播形式发送消息 for (WebSocketServer client : connections) { try { synchronized (client) { client.session.getBasicRemote().sendText(msg); } } catch (IOException e) { connections.remove(client); try { client.session.close(); } catch (IOException e1) { e.printStackTrace(); } String message = String.format("* %s %s", client.nickname, "断开连接"); broadcast(message); } } }} |
前端页面:
123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123 | <!DOCTYPE html><html><head lang="zh"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap-theme.min.css"> <script src="js/jquery-1.12.3.min.js"></script> <script src="js/bootstrap.js"></script> <style type="text/css"> #msg { height: 400px; overflow-y: auto; } #userName { width: 200px; } #logout { display: none; } </style> <title>webSocket测试</title></head><body> <div class="container"> <div class="page-header" id="tou">webSocket及时聊天Demo程序</div> <p class="text-right" id="logout"> <button class="btn btn-danger" id="logout-btn">退出</button> </p> <div class="well" id="msg"></div> <div class="col-lg"> <div class="input-group"> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="发送信息..." id="message"> <span class="input-group-btn"> <button class="btn btn-default" type="button" id="send" disabled="disabled">发送</button> </span> </div> <div class="input-group"> <input id="userName" type="text" class="form-control" name="userName" placeholder="输入您的用户名" /> <button class="btn btn-default" type="button" id="connection-btn">建立连接</button> </div> <!-- /input-group --> </div> <!-- /.col-lg-6 --> </div> <!-- /.row --> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> $(function() { var websocket; $("#connection-btn").bind("click", function() { var userName = $("#userName").val(); if (userName == null || userName == "") { alert("请输入您的用户名"); return; } connection(userName); }); function connection(userName) { var host = window.location.host; if ('WebSocket' in window) { websocket = new WebSocket("ws://" + host + "/webSocketServer/" + userName); } else if ('MozWebSocket' in window) { websocket = new MozWebSocket("ws://" + host + "/webSocketServer/" + userName); } websocket.onopen = function(evnt) { $("#tou").html("链接服务器成功!") $("#send").prop("disabled", ""); $("#connection-btn").prop("disabled", "disabled"); $("#logout").show(); }; websocket.onmessage = function(evnt) { $("#msg").html($("#msg").html() + "<br/>" + evnt.data); }; websocket.onerror = function(evnt) { $("#tou").html("报错!") }; websocket.onclose = function(evnt) { $("#tou").html("与服务器断开了链接!"); $("#send").prop("disabled", "disabled"); $("#connection-btn").prop("disabled", ""); $("#logout").hide(); } } function send() { if (websocket != null) { var $message = $("#message"); var data = $message.val(); if (data == null || data == "") { return; } websocket.send(data); $message.val(""); } else { alert('未与服务器链接.'); } } $('#send').bind('click', function() { send(); }); $(document).on("keypress", function(event) { if (event.keyCode == "13") { send(); } }); $("#logout-btn").on("click", function() { websocket.close(); //关闭TCP连接 }); }); </script></body></html> |
演示图如下:
image如果使用该方式实现 WebSocket 功能并打包成 war 运行会报错:
1 | javax.websocket.DeploymentException: Multiple Endpoints may not be deployed to the same path |
方式二:该方式适用于 jar 包方式运行和 war 方式运行。WebSocket 配置类:
12345678910111213 | @Configuration @EnableWebSocket public class WebSocketConfig implements WebSocketConfigurer { @Override public void registerWebSocketHandlers(WebSocketHandlerRegistry registry) { registry.addHandler(webSocketServer(), "/webSocketServer/*"); } @Bean public WebSocketHandler webSocketServer() { return new WebSocketServer(); } } |
WebSocket 处理类:
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667 | public class WebSocketServer extends TextWebSocketHandler { private static final Map<WebSocketSession, String> connections = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(); private static String getDatetime(Date date) { SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); return format.format(date); } /** * 建立连接 */ @Override public void afterConnectionEstablished(WebSocketSession session) throws Exception { String uri = session.getUri().toString(); String userName = uri.substring(uri.lastIndexOf("/") + 1); String nickname = URLDecoder.decode(userName, "utf-8"); connections.put(session, nickname); String message = String.format("* %s %s", nickname, "加入聊天!"); broadcast(new TextMessage(message)); } /** * 断开连接 */ @Override public void afterConnectionClosed(WebSocketSession session, CloseStatus status) throws Exception { String nickname = connections.remove(session); String message = String.format("* %s %s", nickname, "退出聊天!"); broadcast(new TextMessage(message)); } /** * 处理消息 */ @Override protected void handleTextMessage(WebSocketSession session, TextMessage message) throws Exception { String msg = "【" + connections.get(session) + "】" + getDatetime(new Date()) + " : " + message.getPayload(); broadcast(new TextMessage(msg)); } private static void broadcast(TextMessage msg) { // 广播形式发送消息 for (WebSocketSession session : connections.keySet()) { try { synchronized (session) { session.sendMessage(msg); } } catch (Exception e) { connections.remove(session); try { session.close(); } catch (Exception e2) { e2.printStackTrace(); } String message = String.format("* %s %s", connections.get(session), "断开连接"); broadcast(new TextMessage(message)); } } }} |
运行结果与上图一致。
十三、整合 JavaMail
本次测试演示带模板的邮件,使用 Freemark 实现邮件的模板。
13.1 添加依赖
123456789 | <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId></dependency><dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-freemarker</artifactId></dependency> |
13.2 添加配置
在 application.properties 中添加
1234567 | # javamail 配置spring.mail.host=smtp.163.comspring.mail.username=xxx@163.comspring.mail.password=密码spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.auth=truespring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.enable=truespring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.required=true |
13.3 编码
1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647 | @Component@EnableConfigurationProperties(MailProperties.class)public class JavaMailComponent { private static final String template = "mail.ftl"; @Autowired private FreeMarkerConfigurer freeMarkerConfigurer; @Autowired private JavaMailSender javaMailSender; @Autowired private MailProperties mailProperties; public void sendMail(String email) { Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>(); map.put("email", email); try { // 获取内容 String text = this.getTextByTemplate(template, map); // 发送 this.send(email, text); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } private String getTextByTemplate(String template, Map<String, Object> model) throws Exception { return FreeMarkerTemplateUtils .processTemplateIntoString(this.freeMarkerConfigurer.getConfiguration().getTemplate(template), model); } private String send(String email, String text) throws MessagingException, UnsupportedEncodingException { MimeMessage message = this.javaMailSender.createMimeMessage(); MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true, "UTF-8"); InternetAddress from = new InternetAddress(); from.setAddress(this.mailProperties.getUsername()); from.setPersonal("月光中的污点", "UTF-8"); helper.setFrom(from); helper.setTo(email); helper.setSubject("SpringBoot 发送的第一封邮件"); helper.setText(text, true); this.javaMailSender.send(message); return text; }} |
在 src/main/resources 下的 template 目录下创建名为 mail.ftl 的文件,其内容如下:
123456789101112131415161718192021 | <!DOCTYPE html><html lang="zh"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /></head><body> <div style="width: 600px; text-align: left; margin: 0 auto;"> <h1 style="color: #005da7;">月光中的污点</h1> <div style="border-bottom: 5px solid #005da7; height: 2px; width: 100%;"></div> <div style="border: 1px solid #005da7; font-size: 16px; line-height: 50px; padding: 20px;"> <div>${email},您好!</div> <div> 这是个测试 </div> <div> 想了解更多信息,请访问 <a href="https://www.extlight.com">https://www.extlight.com</a> </div> </div> </div></body></html> |
13.4 测试
123456789101112 | @RunWith(SpringRunner.class)@SpringBootTestpublic class MailTest { @Autowired private JavaMailComponent javaMailComponent; @Test public void test() { this.javaMailComponent.sendMail("445847261@qq.com"); }} |
运行结果如下图:
image
十四、整合 Swagger2
14.1 添加依赖
12345678910 | <dependency> <groupId>io.springfox</groupId> <artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId> <version>2.7.0</version></dependency><dependency> <groupId>io.springfox</groupId> <artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId> <version>2.7.0</version></dependency> |
14.2 配置
重新创建一个配置类,如下:
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425 | @Configuration@EnableSwagger2public class Swagger2Configuration { @Bean public Docket accessToken() { return new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2) .groupName("api")// 定义组 .select() // 选择那些路径和 api 会生成 document .apis(RequestHandlerSelectors.basePackage("com.light.springboot.controller")) // 拦截的包路径 .paths(PathSelectors.regex("/*/.*"))// 拦截的接口路径 .build() // 创建 .apiInfo(apiInfo()); // 配置说明 } private ApiInfo apiInfo() { return new ApiInfoBuilder()// .title("Spring Boot 之 Web 篇")// 标题 .description("spring boot Web 相关内容")// 描述 .termsOfServiceUrl("http://www.extlight.com")// .contact(new Contact("moonlightL", "http://www.extlight.com", "445847261@qq.com"))// 联系 .version("1.0")// 版本 .build(); }} |
为了能更好的说明接口信息,我们还可以在 Controller 类上使用 Swagger2 相关注解说明信息。我们以 FastJsonController 为例:
12345678910111213141516171819 | @Api(value = "FastJson测试", tags = { "测试接口" })@RestController@RequestMapping("fastjson")public class FastJsonController { @ApiOperation("获取用户信息") @ApiImplicitParam(name = "name", value = "用户名", dataType = "string", paramType = "query") @GetMapping("/test/{name}") public User test(@PathVariable("name") String name) { User user = new User(); user.setId(1); user.setUsername(name); user.setPassword("jack123"); user.setBirthday(new Date()); return user; }} |
注意,上边的方法是用 @GetMapping 注解,如果只是使用 @RequestMapping 注解,不配置 method 属性,那么 API 文档会生成 7 种请求方式。启动项目,打开浏览器访问
http://localhost:8080/swagger-ui.html。结果如下图:
image本文作者: moonlightL
本文链接:
http://www.extlight.com/2017/11/24/Spring-Boot-入门之-Web-篇(二)/版权声明: 本博客所有文章除特别声明外均为原创,采用
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 许可协议。转载请在文章开头明显位置注明原文链接和作者等相关信息,明确指出修改(如有),并通过 E-mail 等方式告知,谢谢合作!