触发器(七、DDL触发器在OGG维护中的应用)
2018-03-10 14:54
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场景描述
有一个业务系统,做了OGG备库用于统计查询。生产库的维护由系统管理员负责,而备库的日常维护由专职DBA负责。
系统厂商在对生产环境进行升级时,经常会修改数据结构。
DBA很快发现了OGG报错,查看日志是数据结构变更,于是向生产库系统管理员要数据变更清单。
生产库管理员再向系统厂商要,有时候系统厂商没有事先准备脚本,升级时在线的部分修改没有记录,导致DBA不停的跟踪错误信息,两边比对数据结构,再到备库中进行修改,烦不胜烦。
之后,DBA在生产库中创建了DDL触发器,用于跟踪数据结构变更,用来解决这个烦恼。
DDL触发器能对数据库中的DDL操作进行触发,包括
实施步骤如下:
1.在生产环境的监控用户CZFX下创建DDL操作记录表
SQL> CREATE TABLE CZFX.T_DDL_OGG 2 (GUID VARCHAR2(50) DEFAULT SYS_GUID() PRIMARY KEY 3 ,CREATED DATE DEFAULT SYSDATE 4 ,EVENT VARCHAR2(30) 5 ,LOGIN_USER VARCHAR2(30) 6 ,OBJ_NAME VARCHAR2(30) 7 ,OBJ_OWNER VARCHAR2(30) 8 ,OBJ_TYPE VARCHAR2(30) 9 ,COLUMN_NAME VARCHAR2(30) 10 ,DDL_SQL VARCHAR2(4000) 11 ,ISDEAL VARCHAR2(1) DEFAULT '0' 12 ) TABLESPACE CZFX; Table created Executed in 0.031 seconds
2.用SYS用户创建DDL触发器
(注意:其他数据库用户也可以创建DDL触发器,但经测试只能捕捉到用户自己的DDL操作)SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER TRI_DBDDL 2 AFTER CREATE OR DROP OR ALTER ON DATABASE 3 WHEN (ORA_DICT_OBJ_TYPE='TABLE') 4 DECLARE 5 V_GUID VARCHAR2(50); 6 T_SQL_TXT ORA_NAME_LIST_T:=ORA_NAME_LIST_T(); 7 N_COUNT PLS_INTEGER; 8 V_SQL_TXT VARCHAR2(4000); 9 BEGIN 10 V_GUID:=SYS_GUID(); 11 N_COUNT:=ORA_SQL_TXT(sql_text => T_SQL_TXT); 12 FOR I IN 1..N_COUNT LOOP 13 V_SQL_TXT:=V_SQL_TXT||T_SQL_TXT(I)||CHR(10); 14 END LOOP; 15 INSERT INTO CZFX.T_DDL_OGG(GUID,CREATED,LOGIN_USER,EVENT,OBJ_NAME,OBJ_OWNER,OBJ_TYPE,DDL_SQL) 16 VALUES(V_GUID,SYSDATE,ORA_LOGIN_USER,ORA_SYSEVENT,ORA_DICT_OBJ_NAME,ORA_DICT_OBJ_OWNER,ORA_DICT_OBJ_TYPE 17 ,V_SQL_TXT); 18 FOR REC_COLUMN IN(SELECT COLUMN_NAME FROM ALL_TAB_COLUMNS WHERE OWNER=ORA_DICT_OBJ_OWNER AND TABLE_NAME=ORA_DICT_OBJ_NAME) 19 LOOP 20 IF ORA_IS_ALTER_COLUMN(REC_COLUMN.COLUMN_NAME) THEN 21 UPDATE CZFX.T_DDL_OGG SET COLUMN_NAME=LTRIM(COLUMN_NAME||','||REC_COLUMN.COLUMN_NAME,',') 22 WHERE GUID=V_GUID; 23 END IF; 24 END LOOP; 25 END; 26 / Trigger created Executed in 0.031 seconds
这个触发器起到了以下效果:
(1)捕捉并记录了数据库中任何用户对表(table)的create、alter、drop操作;
(2)记录了DDL原始语句,这个非常有用,在备库可以直接粘贴;
(3)记录了是哪个用户(登录用户)操作了哪个用户(对象拥有者)的表
3.测试在不同数据库用户下做不同的DDL操作
查看日志表SQL> SHOW USER User is "SYS" SQL> CREATE TABLE TMP_DDL_SYS(COL1 VARCHAR2(1)); Table created Executed in 0.063 seconds SQL> select * from CZFX.T_DDL_OGG; GUID CREATED EVENT LOGIN_USER OBJ_NAME OBJ_OWNER OBJ_TYPE COLUMN_NAME DDL_SQL ISDEAL -------------------------------------------------- ----------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------ 670898870AB51B9BE0532582290AF84C 2018/3/10 1 CREATE SYS TMP_DDL_SYS SYS TABLE CREATE TABLE TMP_DDL_SYS(COL1 VARCHAR2(1)) 0 Executed in 0.094 seconds SQL> conn system/sys@czkf; Connected to Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 Connected as system@czkf SQL> SQL> CREATE TABLE TMP_DDL_SYSTEM(COL1 VARCHAR2(1)); Table created Executed in 0.031 seconds SQL> select * from CZFX.T_DDL_OGG; GUID CREATED EVENT LOGIN_USER OBJ_NAME OBJ_OWNER OBJ_TYPE COLUMN_NAME DDL_SQL ISDEAL -------------------------------------------------- ----------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------ 670898870AB51B9BE0532582290AF84C 2018/3/10 1 CREATE SYS TMP_DDL_SYS SYS TABLE CREATE TABLE TMP_DDL_SYS(COL1 VARCHAR2(1)) 0 6708DEB8ECF41C9EE0532582290AF3B6 2018/3/10 1 CREATE SYSTEM TMP_DDL_SYSTEM SYSTEM TABLE CREATE TABLE TMP_DDL_SYSTEM(COL1 VARCHAR2(1)) 0 Executed in 0.11 seconds SQL> SQL> conn czfx/czfx@czkf; Connected to Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 Connected as czfx@czkf SQL> CREATE TABLE TMP_DDL_CZFX(COL1 VARCHAR2(1)); Table created Executed in 0.016 seconds SQL> ALTER TABLE TMP_DDL_CZFX MODIFY COL1 NUMBER(2); Table altered Executed in 0.016 seconds SQL> ALTER TABLE TMP_DDL_CZFX ADD COL2 VARCHAR2(20); Table altered Executed in 0 seconds SQL> select * from CZFX.T_DDL_OGG; GUID CREATED EVENT LOGIN_USER OBJ_NAME OBJ_OWNER OBJ_TYPE COLUMN_NAME DDL_SQL ISDEAL -------------------------------------------------- ----------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------ 670898870AB51B9BE0532582290AF84C 2018/3/10 1 CREATE SYS TMP_DDL_SYS SYS TABLE CREATE TABLE TMP_DDL_SYS(COL1 VARCHAR2(1)) 0 6708DEB8ECF41C9EE0532582290AF3B6 2018/3/10 1 CREATE SYSTEM TMP_DDL_SYSTEM SYSTEM TABLE CREATE TABLE TMP_DDL_SYSTEM(COL1 VARCHAR2(1)) 0 6708E1B7A1CD1F6CE0532582290A83AF 2018/3/10 1 CREATE CZFX TMP_DDL_CZFX CZFX TABLE CREATE TABLE TMP_DDL_CZFX(COL1 VARCHAR2(1)) 0 6708E1B7A1CE1F6CE0532582290A83AF 2018/3/10 1 ALTER CZFX TMP_DDL_CZFX CZFX TABLE COL1 ALTER TABLE TMP_DDL_CZFX MODIFY COL1 NUMBER(2) 0 6708E1B7A1CF1F6CE0532582290A83AF 2018/3/10 1 ALTER CZFX TMP_DDL_CZFX CZFX TABLE ALTER TABLE TMP_DDL_CZFX ADD COL2 VARCHAR2(20) 0 Executed in 0.172 seconds SQL> SQL> DROP TABLE TMP_DDL_CZFX PURGE; Table dropped Executed in 0.031 seconds SQL> conn sys/sys@czkf AS SYSDBA; Connected to Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 Connected as sys@czkf AS SYSDBA SQL> DROP TABLE SYSTEM.TMP_DDL_SYSTEM PURGE; Table dropped Executed in 0.047 seconds SQL> DROP TABLE TMP_DDL_SYS PURGE; Table dropped Executed in 0.032 seconds SQL> select * from CZFX.T_DDL_OGG ORDER BY CREATED; GUID CREATED EVENT LOGIN_USER OBJ_NAME OBJ_OWNER OBJ_TYPE COLUMN_NAME DDL_SQL ISDEAL -------------------------------------------------- ----------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------ 670898870AB51B9BE0532582290AF84C 2018/3/10 1 CREATE SYS TMP_DDL_SYS SYS TABLE CREATE TABLE TMP_DDL_SYS(COL1 VARCHAR2(1)) 0 6708DEB8ECF41C9EE0532582290AF3B6 2018/3/10 1 CREATE SYSTEM TMP_DDL_SYSTEM SYSTEM TABLE CREATE TABLE TMP_DDL_SYSTEM(COL1 VARCHAR2(1)) 0 6708E1B7A1CD1F6CE0532582290A83AF 2018/3/10 1 CREATE b24f CZFX TMP_DDL_CZFX CZFX TABLE CREATE TABLE TMP_DDL_CZFX(COL1 VARCHAR2(1)) 0 6708E1B7A1CE1F6CE0532582290A83AF 2018/3/10 1 ALTER CZFX TMP_DDL_CZFX CZFX TABLE COL1 ALTER TABLE TMP_DDL_CZFX MODIFY COL1 NUMBER(2) 0 6708E1B7A1CF1F6CE0532582290A83AF 2018/3/10 1 ALTER CZFX TMP_DDL_CZFX CZFX TABLE ALTER TABLE TMP_DDL_CZFX ADD COL2 VARCHAR2(20) 0 6708E1B7A1D01F6CE0532582290A83AF 2018/3/10 1 DROP CZFX TMP_DDL_CZFX CZFX TABLE DROP TABLE TMP_DDL_CZFX PURGE 0 6708E56C22271F9BE0532582290AF4DB 2018/3/10 1 DROP SYS TMP_DDL_SYSTEM SYSTEM TABLE DROP TABLE SYSTEM.TMP_DDL_SYSTEM PURGE 0 6708E56C22281F9BE0532582290AF4DB 2018/3/10 1 DROP SYS TMP_DDL_SYS SYS TABLE DROP TABLE TMP_DDL_SYS PURGE 0 8 rows selected Executed in 0.234 seconds
接下来就通过各种方式通知DBA就可以了,DBA对新增的DDL操作在备库中进行处理,并把记录删掉或标记为已处理。
这样就完成了一个OGG的DDL操作自动管理机制,本人部署完这套东西后,添加了短信提醒功能,在GoldenGate主库出现异常时能够在不联系主库管理员的情况下迅速恢复OGG运行,收益匪浅。
当然,DDL触发器还可以用于跟踪其他数据库对象的DDL操作,支持的DDL命令有以下这些:
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