Lintcode 4 Ugly Number II
2018-03-08 20:40
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原题如下:
Ugly number is a number that only have factors
代码如下:HashMap + Heap O(nlogn):
public:
int nthUglyNumber(int n) {
vector<int> res(1, 1);
int i2 = 0, i3 = 0, i5 = 0;
while (res.size() < n) {
int m2 = res[i2] * 2, m3 = res[i3] * 3, m5 = res[i5] * 5;
int mn = min(m2, min(m3, m5));
if (mn == m2) ++i2;
if (mn == m3) ++i3;
if (mn == m5) ++i5;
res.push_back(mn);
}
return res.back();
}
};
Ugly number is a number that only have factors
2,
3and
5.Design an algorithm to find the nth ugly number. The first 10 ugly numbers are
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12...NoticeNote that
1is typically treated as an ugly number.ExampleIf
n=9, return
10.题目的意思是看丑陋数,意思是只能被2,3,5相除的数,刚开始审题的时候没有看到题意中的only,一直卡在63%上,解题的方法很多,刚开始的做法是从一开始进行判断,直到n为止,但是这种方法十分耗时,因此会超时。附上代码如下:
public class Solution { /** * 求第N个丑数 * @param n * @return 第N个丑数 */ public int nthUglyNumber(int n) { if (n <= 1) { return 1; } int counter = 0; for (int i = 1; ; i++) { if (isUgly(i)) { counter++; if (counter == n) { return i; } } } } /** * 判断数字是否为丑数 * @param num 被判断数字 * @return true:丑数,false:非丑数 */ public boolean isUgly(int num) { if (num <= 0) { return false; } while (num % 2 == 0) num /= 2; while (num % 3 == 0) num /= 3; while (num % 5 == 0) num /= 5; if (num == 1) { return true; } else { return false; } } }后期加工的代码如下:
public class Solution { /** * 求第N个丑数 * @param n * @return 第N个丑数 */ public int nthUglyNumber(int n) { int[] uglyNumbers = new int ; uglyNumbers[0] = 1; int idx2 = 0; int idx3 = 0; int idx5 = 0; int counter = 1; while (counter < n) { int min = minOf( uglyNumbers[idx2] * 2, uglyNumbers[idx3] * 3, uglyNumbers[idx5] * 5); if (min == uglyNumbers[idx2] * 2) { idx2++; } if (min == uglyNumbers[idx3] * 3) { idx3++; } if (min == uglyNumbers[idx5] * 5) { idx5++; } uglyNumbers[counter] = min; counter++; } return uglyNumbers[n - 1]; } /** * 求三个数字中最小的数字 * @param a 数字a * @param b 数字b * @param c 数字c * @return a、b、c中最小的数字 */ private int minOf(int a, int b, int c) { int temp = a < b ? a : b; return temp < c ? temp : c; } }为了方便理解这段代码,在这段代码里加入了System.out.println函数用于将结果输出到控制台。解除这些注释行,并指定输入的n为15,执行函数时输出到控制台的结果如下:
uglyNumbers[0]:1 ----------- idx2:0;ugly[idx2]:1 idx3:0;ugly[idx3]:1 idx5:0;ugly[idx5]:1 idx2:0;idx3:0;idx5:0 min==ugly[idx2]*2:2 idx2:0→1 uglyNumbers[1]:2 ----------- idx2:1;ugly[idx2]:2 idx3:0;ugly[idx3]:1 idx5:0;ugly[idx5]:1 idx2:1;idx3:0;idx5:0 min==ugly[idx3]*3:3 idx3:0→1 uglyNumbers[2]:3 ----------- idx2:1;ugly[idx2]:2 idx3:1;ugly[idx3]:2 idx5:0;ugly[idx5]:1 idx2:1;idx3:1;idx5:0 min==ugly[idx2]*2:4 idx2:1→2 uglyNumbers[3]:4 ----------- idx2:2;ugly[idx2]:3 idx3:1;ugly[idx3]:2 idx5:0;ugly[idx5]:1 idx2:2;idx3:1;idx5:0 min==ugly[idx5]*5:5 idx5:0→1 uglyNumbers[4]:5 ----------- idx2:2;ugly[idx2]:3 idx3:1;ugly[idx3]:2 idx5:1;ugly[idx5]:2 idx2:2;idx3:1;idx5:1 min==ugly[idx2]*2:6 idx2:2→3 min==ugly[idx3]*3:6 idx3:1→2 uglyNumbers[5]:6 ----------- idx2:3;ugly[idx2]:4 idx3:2;ugly[idx3]:3 idx5:1;ugly[idx5]:2 idx2:3;idx3:2;idx5:1 min==ugly[idx2]*2:8 idx2:3→4 uglyNumbers[6]:8 ----------- idx2:4;ugly[idx2]:5 idx3:2;ugly[idx3]:3 idx5:1;ugly[idx5]:2 idx2:4;idx3:2;idx5:1 min==ugly[idx3]*3:9 idx3:2→3 uglyNumbers[7]:9 ----------- idx2:4;ugly[idx2]:5 idx3:3;ugly[idx3]:4 idx5:1;ugly[idx5]:2 idx2:4;idx3:3;idx5:1 min==ugly[idx2]*2:10 idx2:4→5 min==ugly[idx5]*5:10 idx5:1→2 uglyNumbers[8]:10 ----------- idx2:5;ugly[idx2]:6 idx3:3;ugly[idx3]:4 idx5:2;ugly[idx5]:3 idx2:5;idx3:3;idx5:2 min==ugly[idx2]*2:12 idx2:5→6 min==ugly[idx3]*3:12 idx3:3→4 uglyNumbers[9]:12 ----------- idx2:6;ugly[idx2]:8 idx3:4;ugly[idx3]:5 idx5:2;ugly[idx5]:3 idx2:6;idx3:4;idx5:2 min==ugly[idx3]*3:15 idx3:4→5 min==ugly[idx5]*5:15 idx5:2→3 uglyNumbers[10]:15 ----------- idx2:6;ugly[idx2]:8 idx3:5;ugly[idx3]:6 idx5:3;ugly[idx5]:4 idx2:6;idx3:5;idx5:3 min==ugly[idx2]*2:16 idx2:6→7 uglyNumbers[11]:16 ----------- idx2:7;ugly[idx2]:9 idx3:5;ugly[idx3]:6 idx5:3;ugly[idx5]:4 idx2:7;idx3:5;idx5:3 min==ugly[idx2]*2:18 idx2:7→8 min==ugly[idx3]*3:18 idx3:5→6 uglyNumbers[12]:18 ----------- idx2:8;ugly[idx2]:10 idx3:6;ugly[idx3]:8 idx5:3;ugly[idx5]:4 idx2:8;idx3:6;idx5:3 min==ugly[idx2]*2:20 idx2:8→9 min==ugly[idx5]*5:20 idx5:3→4 uglyNumbers[13]:20 ----------- idx2:9;ugly[idx2]:12 idx3:6;ugly[idx3]:8 idx5:4;ugly[idx5]:5 idx2:9;idx3:6;idx5:4 min==ugly[idx2]*2:24 idx2:9→10 min==ugly[idx3]*3:24 idx3:6→7 uglyNumbers[14]:24 ----------- return:24摘抄网上大佬的其他方法:HashMap + PriorityQueue(MinHeap):将2,3,5入队,每次取出堆顶元素(最小值),依次和3个factor相乘,将所得结果入队。用HashMap记录入队元素,入过队的元素不能再次入队。
代码如下:HashMap + Heap O(nlogn):
class Solution { /** * @param n an integer * @return the nth prime number as description. */ public int nthUglyNumber(int n) { // Write your code here //HashMap + Heap O(nlogn) if(n <= 0){ return 0; } PriorityQueue<Long> Q = new PriorityQueue<Long>(); HashMap<Long, Boolean> inQ = new HashMap<Long, Boolean>(); Long[] prime = new Long[3]; prime[0] = Long.valueOf(2); prime[1] = Long.valueOf(3); prime[2] = Long.valueOf(5); for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++){ Q.add(prime[i]); inQ.put(prime[i], true); } //每次取最小堆(优先队列)顶的元素,取n-1次,同时将取出的数和3个factor相乘的结果加入队列(如果本来已经在队列中则不用加) Long number = Long.valueOf(1); for(int i = 1; i < n; i++){ number = Q.poll(); for(int j = 0; j < 3; j++){ if(!inQ.containsKey(number * prime[j])){ Q.add(number * prime[j]); inQ.put(number * prime[j], true); } } } //Long转换为Int return number.intValue(); } }另有简便方法:class Solution {
public:
int nthUglyNumber(int n) {
vector<int> res(1, 1);
int i2 = 0, i3 = 0, i5 = 0;
while (res.size() < n) {
int m2 = res[i2] * 2, m3 = res[i3] * 3, m5 = res[i5] * 5;
int mn = min(m2, min(m3, m5));
if (mn == m2) ++i2;
if (mn == m3) ++i3;
if (mn == m5) ++i5;
res.push_back(mn);
}
return res.back();
}
};
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