学习Hibernate遇到的问题

最近在学习Hibernate，在测试的时候遇到这个错误：
SLF4J: Failed to load class "org.slf4j.impl.StaticLoggerBinder".
SLF4J: Defaulting to no-operation (NOP) logger implementation

SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#StaticLoggerBinder for further details.
查询得知缺了slf4j-log4j12-1.6.1.jar
导入对应的jar包之后，却提示
Failed to instantiate SLF4J LoggerFactory
Reported exception:
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/log4j/Level
at org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.bind(LoggerFactory.java:121)
at org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.performInitialization(LoggerFactory.java:111)
at org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.getILoggerFactory(LoggerFactory.java:268)
at org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.getLogger(LoggerFactory.java:241)
at org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.getLogger(LoggerFactory.java:254)
at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.<clinit>(Configuration.java:197)
at com.anyi.hbm.dao.UserDao.init(UserDao.java:22)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:44)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:24)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunAfters.evaluate(RunAfters.java:27)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:271)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:70)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:50)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:238)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:63)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:236)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:53)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:229)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:309)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.log4j.Level
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:202)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:190)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:306)
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:301)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:247)

... 31 more
原来是缺少了log4j包，我导入的是log4j-1.2.8.jar，但是提示：
SLF4J: This version of SLF4J requires log4j version 1.2.12 or later 

版本过低，换了log4j-1.2.14.jar，就没这个问题，但是出现另外一个问题
log4j:WARN No appenders could be found for logger (org.hibernate.type.BasicTypeRegistry).

log4j:WARN Please initialize the log4j system properly.
缺少了log4j的配置文件，加入log4j.properties之后就不再报这个错误，但是出现了另外的问题
2018-03-01 09:40:17,511 WARN [org.hibernate.util.DTDEntityResolver] - recognized obsolete hibernate namespace http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/. Use namespace http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/ instead. Refer to Hibernate 3.6 Migration Guide!

把http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd
改为：http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd
但是还有另外的问题是：
2018-03-01 09:41:18,127 WARN [org.hibernate.util.DTDEntityResolver] - recognized obsolete hibernate namespace http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/. Use namespace http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/ instead. Refer to Hibernate 3.6 Migration Guide!
2018-03-01 09:41:18,131 ERROR [org.hibernate.util.xml.ErrorLogger] - Error parsing XML (4) : Element type "hibernate-mapping" must be declared.
2018-03-01 09:41:18,131 ERROR [org.hibernate.util.xml.ErrorLogger] - Error parsing XML (5) : Element type "class" must be declared.
2018-03-01 09:41:18,131 ERROR [org.hibernate.util.xml.ErrorLogger] - Error parsing XML (6) : Element type "id" must be declared.

原来是映射文件的头写错了，也用了配置文件的头，复制的时候没留意到，导致这个错误http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd
修改为：http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd，则没有这个错误了

但是出现下面这个错误：
org.hibernate.InvalidMappingException: Unable to read XML

org.xml.sax.SAXParseException: The content of element type "id" must match "(meta*,column*,type?,generator?)"

原来的id标签是这样的：
<id name="id" type="int" column="id">
            <column name="id" />  
            <generator class="sequence" />  
            <param name="sequence">SEQ_USERD_ID</param> 
</id>

检查了id标签，但是都没用，后来查询后改成了以下：

<id name="id" type="int" column="id">

<generator class="org.hibernate.id.enhanced.SequenceStyleGenerator">
                <param name="optimizer">none</param>
                <param name="increment_size">1</param>
                <param name="sequence_name">SEQ_USERD_ID</param>
</generator>
</id>

但是出现另外一个错误提示：
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/persistence/EntityListeners

原来是缺少了jpa包，在hibernate-distribution-3.6.10.Final/lib/jpa里面找到hibernate-jpa-2.0-api-1.0.1.Final.jar导入之后，可以成功保存



终于大功告成，这轮折腾下来不容易。