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LaTeX 表格

2018-02-09 18:05 218 查看

LaTeX 表格

原创 2015年11月27日 09:20:24标签：
latex /
table /
表格
14919

本系列文章由 @YhL_Leo 出品，转载请注明出处。 
文章链接： http://blog.csdn.net/yhl_leo/article/details/50066137 

一些LaTeX中表格的使用方法如下：
1.table
\documentclass{article}

\begin{document}

\begin{table}[h]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|}\hline
Setting&\multicolumn{2}{c|}{A4 size paper}\\\hline
&mm&inches\\
Top&25&1.0\\
Bottom&25&1.0\\
Left&20&0.8\\
Right&20&0.8\\
Column Width&82&3.2\\
Column Spacing&6&0.25\\\hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{Margin settings for A4 size paper}
\label{tab:Margin_settings}
\end{table}

\end{document}
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2.tabular
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}
\hline 2&9&4\\
\hline 7&5&3\\
\hline 6&1&8\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
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例子里面的
|c|
这样的，那个地方叫做导言区，来约定表格的每列属性的：
l
left-justified column
c
centered column
r
right-justified column
b
bottom
c
center (default)
t
top
p{'width'}
paragraph column with text vertically aligned at the top
m{'width'}
paragraph column with text vertically aligned in the middle (requires array package)
b{'width'}
paragraph column with text vertically aligned at the bottom (requires array package)
|
vertical line
||
double vertical line
另外，还有一些常用的命令：
&
column separator
\\
start new row (additional space may be specified after 
\\
 using square brackets, such as 
\\[6pt]
\hline
horizontal line
\newline
start a new line within a cell (in a paragraph column)
\tabularnewline
start a new line within a cell (in a paragraph column) instead of 
\\
 to avoid a Misplaced 
\noalign
 error in the tabular
\cline{i-j}
partial horizontal line beginning in column 
i
 and ending in column 
j
除了最简单的用例外，还可以这样：
% example 1:
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{ | l || c || r }
\hline
1 & 2 & 3 \\ \hline
4 & 5 & 6 \\ \hline \hline
7 & 8 & 9 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
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example 1
 
% example 2:
%\multicolumn{n}{format}{item}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}
\hline \multicolumn{3}{|c|}{?}\\
\hline 7&5&3\\
\hline 6&1&8\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
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example 2
 
% example 3:
\begin{tabular}{|r|l|}
\hline
7C0 & hexadecimal \\
3700 & octal \\ \cline{2-2}
11111000000 & binary \\
\hline \hline
1984 & decimal \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
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example 3
 

在
array
环境中（使用时需要包含：
\usepackage{array}
），重新实现了tabular环境，加了不少新选项进去：


 

对于
tabular
的第一个例子略作修改，可以发现在不含有
array
包和含有时效果是不一样的：
% example 1:
%\usepackage{array}
\tabcolsep20pt
\arrayrulewidth2pt
\begin{tabular}{*{3}{|c}|}
%\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}
\hline 2&9&4\\
\hline 7&5&3\\
\hline 6&1&8\\
\hline
\end{tabular}

% example 2:
...
\usepackage{array}
...

\tabcolsep20pt
\arrayrulewidth2pt
\begin{tabular}{*{3}{|c}|}
%\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|}
\hline 2&9&4\\
\hline 7&5&3\\
\hline 6&1&8\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
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example 1
 


 
example 2
 

对于表格内有长文本时，直接排下来不但很难看而且很容超出页面的范围，可以这么做：
Without specifying width for last column:
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{| l | l | l | l |}
\hline
Day & Min Temp & Max Temp & Summary \\ \hline
Monday & 11C & 22C & A clear day with lots of sunshine.
However, the strong breeze will bring down the temperatures. \\ \hline
Tuesday & 9C & 19C & Cloudy with rain, across many northern regions. Clear spells
across most of Scotland and Northern Ireland,
but rain reaching the far northwest. \\ \hline
Wednesday & 10C & 21C & Rain will still linger for the morning.
Conditions will improve by early afternoon and continue
throughout the evening. \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

With width specified:
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{ | l | l | l | p{5cm} |}
\hline
Day & Min Temp & Max Temp & Summary \\ \hline
Monday & 11C & 22C & A clear day with lots of sunshine.
However, the strong breeze will bring down the temperatures. \\ \hline
Tuesday & 9C & 19C & Cloudy with rain, across many northern regions. Clear spells
across most of Scotland and Northern Ireland,
but rain reaching the far northwest. \\ \hline
Wednesday & 10C & 21C & Rain will still linger for the morning.
Conditions will improve by early afternoon and continue
throughout the evening. \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
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另外使用宏包
tabulary
也可以实现：
\usepackage{tabulary}
...

\begin{center}
\begin{tabulary}{0.7\textwidth}{LCL}
Short sentences      & \#  & Long sentences                                                 \\
\hline
This is short.       & 173 & This is much loooooooonger, because there are many more words.  \\
This is not shorter. & 317 & This is still loooooooonger, because there are many more words. \\
\end{tabulary}
\end{center}
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其中的对齐方式除了
L
,
C
外，还有
R
,
J
。
让我们看下
\parbox
的用法，如果我们想把文段分割成为表的形式：
\begin{tabular}{cc}
boring cell content & \parbox[t]{5cm}{rather long par\\new par}
\end{tabular}
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调整行列间距可以使用命令：
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{5pt} %colums, default value is 6pt

\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.5} %rows, default value is 1.0
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另外一种方式是在
\hline
和
cline{i-j}
后添加
\noalign{\smallskip}
， 例如：
\begin{center}

\begin{tabular}{ | l | l | r | }
\hline
\multicolumn{2}{c}{Item} \\
\cline{1-2}
Animal & Description & Price (\$) \\
\hline
Gnat  & per gram & 13.65 \\
& each     &  0.01 \\
Gnu   & stuffed  & 92.50 \\
Emu   & stuffed  & 33.33 \\
Armadillo & frozen & 8.99 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}

example 1

$ $

\setlength{\tabcolsep}{4pt}
\begin{tabular}{ | l | l | r | }
\hline
\multicolumn{2}{c}{Item} \\
\cline{1-2}
Animal & Description & Price (\$) \\
\hline
Gnat  & per gram & 13.65 \\
& each     &  0.01 \\
Gnu   & stuffed  & 92.50 \\
Emu   & stuffed  & 33.33 \\
Armadillo & frozen & 8.99 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}

example 2

$ $

\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.5}
\begin{tabular}{ | l | l | r | }
\hline
\multicolumn{2}{c}{Item} \\
\cline{1-2}
Animal & Description & Price (\$) \\
\hline
Gnat  & per gram & 13.65 \\
& each     &  0.01 \\
Gnu   & stuffed  & 92.50 \\
Emu   & stuffed  & 33.33 \\
Armadillo & frozen & 8.99 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}

example 3

$ $

\setlength{\tabcolsep}{6pt}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.0}
\begin{tabular}{ | l | l | r | }
\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
\multicolumn{2}{c}{Item} \\
\cline{1-2}\noalign{\smallskip}
Animal & Description & Price (\$) \\
\noalign{\smallskip}\hline\noalign{\smallskip}
Gnat  & per gram & 13.65 \\
& each     &  0.01 \\
Gnu   & stuffed  & 92.50 \\
Emu   & stuffed  & 33.33 \\
Armadillo & frozen & 8.99 \\
\noalign{\smallskip}\hline
\end{tabular}

example 4

\end{center}
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其他用法如在某一行后空出一定间距：
\begin{tabular}{ll}
\hline
Mineral & Color \\[0.5cm]
Ruby & red \\
Sapphire & blue \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
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一些LaTeX的环境也可以插入表格中：
\begin{tabular}{m{5cm} c} % here the m can be replaced by p or b.
\\ \hline
\begin{verbatim}
I love coding
\end{verbatim}
& LaTeX
\\ \hline
\end{tabular}
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使用列规格设置命令：
>{\cmd} and <{\cmd}
，如设置表格中的字符都是数学手写字体：
...
\usepackage{array}
...

\newcolumntype{F}{>{$}c<{$}}
\begin{tabular}{FFF}
\alpha & \beta    & \gamma   \\
\delta & \epsilon & \upsilon \\
\sigma & \tau     & \phi     \\
\end{tabular}
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@-expressions的用法：
\begin{tabular}{|@{}l|l@{}|}
\hline
stuff & stuff \\ \hline
stuff & stuff \\
\hline
\end{tabular}

\begin{tabular}{r@{.}l}
3   & 14159 \\
16  & 2     \\
123 & 456   \\
\end{tabular}
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行的特别设置，给出几个例子：
\begin{tabular}{ |l|l| }
\hline
\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Team sheet} \\
\hline
GK & Paul Robinson \\
LB & Lucas Radebe \\
DC & Michael Duberry \\
DC & Dominic Matteo \\
RB & Dider Domi \\
MC & David Batty \\
MC & Eirik Bakke \\
MC & Jody Morris \\
FW & Jamie McMaster \\
ST & Alan Smith \\
ST & Mark Viduka \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
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...
\usepackage{multirow}
...

\begin{tabular}{ |l|l|l| }
\hline
\multicolumn{3}{ |c| }{Team sheet} \\
\hline
Goalkeeper & GK & Paul Robinson \\ \hline
\multirow{4}{*}{Defenders} & LB & Lucas Radebe \\
& DC & Michael Duburry \\
& DC & Dominic Matteo \\
& RB & Didier Domi \\ \hline
\multirow{3}{*}{Midfielders} & MC & David Batty \\
& MC & Eirik Bakke \\
& MC & Jody Morris \\ \hline
Forward & FW & Jamie McMaster \\ \hline
\multirow{2}{*}{Strikers} & ST & Alan Smith \\
& ST & Mark Viduka \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
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...
\usepackage{multirow}
...

\begin{tabular}{cc|c|c|c|c|l}
\cline{3-6}
& & \multicolumn{4}{ c| }{Primes} \\ \cline{3-6}
& & 2 & 3 & 5 & 7 \\ \cline{1-6}
\multicolumn{1}{ |c  }{\multirow{2}{*}{Powers} } &
\multicolumn{1}{ |c| }{504} & 3 & 2 & 0 & 1 &     \\ \cline{2-6}
\multicolumn{1}{ |c  }{}                        &
\multicolumn{1}{ |c| }{540} & 2 & 3 & 1 & 0 &     \\ \cline{1-6}
\multicolumn{1}{ |c  }{\multirow{2}{*}{Powers} } &
\multicolumn{1}{ |c| }{gcd} & 2 & 2 & 0 & 0 & min \\ \cline{2-6}
\multicolumn{1}{ |c  }{}                        &
\multicolumn{1}{ |c| }{lcm} & 3 & 3 & 1 & 1 & max \\ \cline{1-6}
\end{tabular}
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\begin{tabular}{ r|c|c| }
\multicolumn{1}{r}{}
&  \multicolumn{1}{c}{noninteractive}
& \multicolumn{1}{c}{interactive} \\
\cline{2-3}
massively multiple & Library & University \\
\cline{2-3}
one-to-one & Book & Tutor \\
\cline{2-3}
\end{tabular}
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3.booktabs
即三线表：
\usepackage{booktabs}

\begin{tabular}{ccc}
\toprule
2&9&4\\
\midrule
7&5&3\\
6&1&8\\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
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4.colortbl
常用的表格填色
colortbl
包：
% example 1:
\usepackage{colortbl}

\begin{tabular}{ccc}
\rowcolor[gray]{.9}
2&9&4\\
\rowcolor[gray]{.8}
7&5&3\\
\rowcolor[gray]{.7}
6&1&8\\
\end{tabular}
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example 1
 
% example 2:
\begin{tabular}
{>{\columncolor[gray]{.9}}c|
>{\columncolor[gray]{.8}}c|
>{\columncolor[gray]{.7}}c}
2&9&4\\
7&5&3\\
6&1&8\\
\end{tabular}
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example 2
 
%example 3:
\begin{tabular}{ccc}
\cellcolor[rgb]{.9,.9,.9}2&
\cellcolor[rgb]{.8,.9,.9}9&
\cellcolor[rgb]{.7,.9,.9}4\\
\cellcolor[rgb]{.9,.8,.9}7&
\cellcolor[rgb]{.8,.8,.9}5&
\cellcolor[rgb]{.7,.8,.9}3\\
\cellcolor[rgb]{.9,.7,.9}6&
\cellcolor[rgb]{.8,.7,.9}1&
\cellcolor[rgb]{.7,.7,.9}8\\
\end{tabular}
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example 3
 

5.diagbox
画斜线表头的包
diagbox
\usepackage{diagbox}
...

\begin{tabular}{|l|ccc|}
\hline
\diagbox{Time}{Room}{Day} & Mon & Tue & Wed \\
\hline
Morning & used & used & \\
Afternoon & & used & used \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
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参考：
知乎：http://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/LaTeX/19749566
维基：https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Tables#Text_wrapping_in_tables
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