日常运维命令2
2018-01-23 22:32
330 查看
监控系统状态
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/855d364335b9f46874ae6aecb4fc8064.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
iostat 1 每秒显示
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/ae2ddc633f95893f093b7f76fa659def.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
硬盘 读写速度
iostat -x 1
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/9f1de0a79c7b11eb9053cec9c115d2fe.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
%util 表示等待IO
iotop
安装
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/a14082e6410d64c270f134c18019e8ff.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
显示占用IO的进程
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/ffcd1e3a51e0417b4841499e3a0d145b.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
read 读的速度 write 写到速度 swapin 交换分区
free
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/5f59fb344b2df1a847dea593f738cc3f.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
free -h
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/a774cf5b344359d20c2fdf5cdcfce3e9.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
buff/cache 缓冲和缓存
从磁盘度数据 交给CPU 中间需要一个内存(cache)
CPU 计算完的数据存到磁盘里去 中间需要内存(buff)
available=free+buff/cache(剩余)
ps 命令
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/101ee33c52acb2cfdebf9183ee9c4aa5.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
ps aux 列出所以进程的状况
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/2971aff191e8b61634e055548f23a5da.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
ps aux | 检查进程
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/4cfed8216c89a621275549800fc48b45.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
用户 进程ID RSS 物理内存 STAT进程的状态 START 启动时间 TIME 运行时间
杀进程
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/299eda297f90b4a66c833b7aa4569bf6.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
查看进程启动位置 proc 下数字的目录
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/8e26b3ed5eb83f820af0501b89d178bd.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
STAT进程的状态
D不能中断的进程 增加了系统负载 但有时候CPU使用率并不高
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/f3e4714e8c54074b1a3aa6b90aa533cb.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
R 正在运行状态 某一个时间段内在使用CPU
S sleep 使用过CPU之后
T暂停的进程
Z僵尸进程
<高优先级的进程
N低优先级进程
L内存中被锁了内存分页
s主进程 父进程
|多线程进程
+前台进程
查看网络状态
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/2e35d436bb274f791eba0dffbc185c2c.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
netstat -lnp l监听
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/0346cde466714e026c519c0a727c08c0.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
netstat -ltnp 查看tcp 协议
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/fe6547ac43b0619e1f8d406be52070c2.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
tcp 三次握手和四次挥手
状态:time_wait 两台机器通信完之后处于等待状态 fin_wait2 established 建立链接
查看各种状态的数量
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/cce66a24e24f45f92b61836bb1eba1a7.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
ESTABLISHED 并发链接数 1000以内
linux 下抓包
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/3b1e2ed340a45625b143bc1f8f2d342d.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
tcpdump -nn -i 网卡名称 n 表示IP以数字的方式显示出来 不加显示主机名
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/1bf0743ac91b1a19d66fbd10524f2112.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
时间 IP 端口 >到哪里去IP 端口
length0 长度
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/b47f99c97afc06ad732a825cff8a4252.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
DDOS攻击 udp flood 借助专业的反攻击服务 创宇
指定端口
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/87ae56946d65b0700b3accb8503d61d3.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
指定IP的包
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/15127237648157694140370d5ec23202.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
指定数据包数量
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/7d932c9e14bbab3faba548d106fc2e3e.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
存到指定文件
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/6fe9ef2fdb60abb5f5062792d6a79ae6.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
不能用cat 直接查看
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/7b697cec005a250634be159553074c89.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
查看tcpdump包文件
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/7fd03e0c13863aa43df7300de7c9d804.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
web的访问日志
访问IP 链接
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/855d364335b9f46874ae6aecb4fc8064.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
iostat 1 每秒显示
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/ae2ddc633f95893f093b7f76fa659def.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
硬盘 读写速度
iostat -x 1
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/9f1de0a79c7b11eb9053cec9c115d2fe.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
%util 表示等待IO
iotop
安装
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/a14082e6410d64c270f134c18019e8ff.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
显示占用IO的进程
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/ffcd1e3a51e0417b4841499e3a0d145b.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
read 读的速度 write 写到速度 swapin 交换分区
free
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/5f59fb344b2df1a847dea593f738cc3f.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
free -h
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/a774cf5b344359d20c2fdf5cdcfce3e9.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
buff/cache 缓冲和缓存
从磁盘度数据 交给CPU 中间需要一个内存(cache)
CPU 计算完的数据存到磁盘里去 中间需要内存(buff)
available=free+buff/cache(剩余)
ps 命令
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/101ee33c52acb2cfdebf9183ee9c4aa5.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
ps aux 列出所以进程的状况
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/2971aff191e8b61634e055548f23a5da.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
ps aux | 检查进程
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/4cfed8216c89a621275549800fc48b45.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
用户 进程ID RSS 物理内存 STAT进程的状态 START 启动时间 TIME 运行时间
杀进程
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/299eda297f90b4a66c833b7aa4569bf6.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
查看进程启动位置 proc 下数字的目录
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/8e26b3ed5eb83f820af0501b89d178bd.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
STAT进程的状态
D不能中断的进程 增加了系统负载 但有时候CPU使用率并不高
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/f3e4714e8c54074b1a3aa6b90aa533cb.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
R 正在运行状态 某一个时间段内在使用CPU
S sleep 使用过CPU之后
T暂停的进程
Z僵尸进程
<高优先级的进程
N低优先级进程
L内存中被锁了内存分页
s主进程 父进程
|多线程进程
+前台进程
查看网络状态
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/2e35d436bb274f791eba0dffbc185c2c.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
netstat -lnp l监听
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/0346cde466714e026c519c0a727c08c0.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
netstat -ltnp 查看tcp 协议
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/fe6547ac43b0619e1f8d406be52070c2.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
tcp 三次握手和四次挥手
状态:time_wait 两台机器通信完之后处于等待状态 fin_wait2 established 建立链接
查看各种状态的数量
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/cce66a24e24f45f92b61836bb1eba1a7.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
ESTABLISHED 并发链接数 1000以内
linux 下抓包
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/3b1e2ed340a45625b143bc1f8f2d342d.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
tcpdump -nn -i 网卡名称 n 表示IP以数字的方式显示出来 不加显示主机名
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/1bf0743ac91b1a19d66fbd10524f2112.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
时间 IP 端口 >到哪里去IP 端口
length0 长度
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/b47f99c97afc06ad732a825cff8a4252.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
DDOS攻击 udp flood 借助专业的反攻击服务 创宇
指定端口
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/87ae56946d65b0700b3accb8503d61d3.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
指定IP的包
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/15127237648157694140370d5ec23202.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
指定数据包数量
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/7d932c9e14bbab3faba548d106fc2e3e.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
存到指定文件
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/6fe9ef2fdb60abb5f5062792d6a79ae6.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
不能用cat 直接查看
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/7b697cec005a250634be159553074c89.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
查看tcpdump包文件
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/7fd03e0c13863aa43df7300de7c9d804.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
web的访问日志
访问IP 链接
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/23/c10091dd4b1daca4ca2e65bf869b6ae2.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
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