Ubuntu 16.04安装配置Nginx

在Ubuntu下安装Nginx有以下方法，但是如果想要安装最新版本的就必须下载源码包编译安装。

一、基于APT源安装

sudo apt-get install nginx

安装好的文件位置：

/usr/sbin/nginx：主程序

/etc/nginx：存放配置文件

/usr/share/nginx：存放静态文件

/var/log/nginx：存放日志

其实从上面的根目录文件夹可以知道，Linux系统的配置文件一般放在/etc，日志一般放在/var/log，运行的程序一般放在/usr/sbin或者/usr/bin。

当然，如果要更清楚Nginx的配置项放在什么地方，可以打开/etc/nginx/nginx.conf

我猜测，Nginx如果指定默认加载/etc/nginx/nginx.conf的配置文件。如果要查看加载的是哪个配置文件，可以用这个命令sudo nginx -t或者ps -ef | grep nginx

然后通过这种方式安装的，会自动创建服务，会自动在/etc/init.d/nginx新建服务脚本，然后就可以使用sudo service nginx {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status|configtest|rotate|upgrade}的命令启动。

脚本如下：

!/bin/sh

BEGIN INIT INFO

Provides: nginx

Required-Start: localfsremote_fs networksyslog $named

Required-Stop: localfsremote_fs networksyslog $named

Default-Start: 2 3 4 5

Default-Stop: 0 1 6

Short-Description: starts the nginx web server

Description: starts nginx using start-stop-daemon

END INIT INFO

PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

DAEMON=/usr/sbin/nginx

NAME=nginx

DESC=nginx

Include nginx defaults if availableif [ -r /etc/default/nginx ]; then

. /etc/default/nginxfi

STOP_SCHEDULE=”${STOP_SCHEDULE:-QUIT/5/TERM/5/KILL/5}”

test -x $DAEMON || exit 0

. /lib/init/vars.sh

. /lib/lsb/init-functions

Try to extract nginx pidfile

PID=(cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf | grep -Ev '^\s*#' | awk 'BEGIN { RS="[;{}]" } { if ($1 == "pid") print $2 }' | head -n1)if [ -z "PID” ]; then

PID=/run/nginx.pidfi

if [ -n “ULIMIT” ]; then
# Set ulimit if it is set in /etc/default/nginx
ulimitULIMITfi

start_nginx() {

# Start the daemon/service

#

# Returns:

# 0 if daemon has been started

# 1 if daemon was already running

# 2 if daemon could not be started

start-stop-daemon –start –quiet –pidfile PID−−execDAEMON –test > /dev/null \

|| return 1

start-stop-daemon –start –quiet –pidfile PID−−execDAEMON – \

$DAEMON_OPTS 2>/dev/null \

|| return 2

}

test_config() {

# Test the nginx configuration

DAEMON−tDAEMON_OPTS >/dev/null 2>&1

}

stop_nginx() {

# Stops the daemon/service

#

# Return

# 0 if daemon has been stopped

# 1 if daemon was already stopped

# 2 if daemon could not be stopped

# other if a failure occurred

start-stop-daemon –stop –quiet –retry=STOPSCHEDULE−−pidfilePID –name NAMERETVAL=”?”

sle
20000
ep 1

return “$RETVAL”

}

reload_nginx() {

# Function that sends a SIGHUP to the daemon/service

start-stop-daemon –stop –signal HUP –quiet –pidfile PID−−nameNAME

return 0

}

rotate_logs() {

# Rotate log files

start-stop-daemon –stop –signal USR1 –quiet –pidfile PID−−nameNAME

return 0

}

upgrade_nginx() {

# Online upgrade nginx executable

# http://nginx.org/en/docs/control.html #

# Return

# 0 if nginx has been successfully upgraded

# 1 if nginx is not running

# 2 if the pid files were not created on time

# 3 if the old master could not be killed

if start-stop-daemon –stop –signal USR2 –quiet –pidfile PID−−nameNAME; then

# Wait for both old and new master to write their pid file

while [ ! -s “PID.oldbin"]||[!−s"{PID}” ]; do

cnt=

expr $cnt + 1

if [ cnt -gt 10 ]; then
return 2
fi
sleep 1
done
# Everything is ready, gracefully stop the old master
if start-stop-daemon –stop –signal QUIT –quiet –pidfile “{PID}.oldbin" --name NAME; then
return 0
else
return 3
fi
else
return 1
fi
}
case “1” in

start)

log_daemon_msg “Starting DESC""NAME”

start_nginx

case “?”in0|1)logendmsg0;;2)logendmsg1;;esac;;stop)logdaemonmsg“StoppingDESC" "NAME”stopnginxcase“?” in

0|1) log_end_msg 0 ;;

2) log_end_msg 1 ;;

esac

;;

restart)

log_daemon_msg “Restarting DESC""NAME”

# Check configuration before stopping nginx
if ! test_config; then
log_end_msg 1 # Configuration error
exit $?
fi

stop_nginx
case "$?" in
0|1)
start_nginx
case "$?" in
0) log_end_msg 0 ;;
1) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Old process is still running
*) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Failed to start
esac
;;
*)
# Failed to stop
log_end_msg 1
;;
esac
;;
reload|force-reload)
log_daemon_msg "Reloading $DESC configuration" "$NAME"

# Check configuration before stopping nginx
#
# This is not entirely correct since the on-disk nginx binary
# may differ from the in-memory one, but that's not common.        # We prefer to check the configuration and return an error
# to the administrator.
if ! test_config; then
log_end_msg 1 # Configuration error
exit $?
fi

reload_nginx
log_end_msg $?
;;
configtest|testconfig)
log_daemon_msg "Testing $DESC configuration"
test_config
log_end_msg $?
;;
status)
status_of_proc -p $PID "$DAEMON" "$NAME" && exit 0 || exit $?
;;
upgrade)
log_daemon_msg "Upgrading binary" "$NAME"
upgrade_nginx
log_end_msg $?
;;
rotate)
log_daemon_msg "Re-opening $DESC log files" "$NAME"
rotate_logs
log_end_msg $?
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $NAME {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status|configtest|rotate|upgrade}" >&2
exit 3
;;esac

还有一个好处，创建好的文件由于放在/usr/sbin目录下，所以能直接在终端中使用nginx命令而无需指定路径。

二、通过源码包编译安装

这种方式可以自定安装指定的模块以及最新的版本。方式更灵活。

官方下载页面：http://nginx.org/en/download.html

configure配置文件详解：http://nginx.org/en/docs/configure.html

安装gcc g++的依赖库

sudo apt-get install build-essentialsudo apt-get install libtool

安装pcre依赖库（http://www.pcre.org/）

sudo apt-get updatesudo apt-get install libpcre3 libpcre3-dev

安装zlib依赖库（http://www.zlib.net）

sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev

安装SSL依赖库（16.04默认已经安装了）

sudo apt-get install openssl

安装Nginx

下载最新版本：wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.13.6.tar.gz#解压：tar -zxvf nginx-1.13.6.tar.gz

进入解压目录：

cd nginx-1.13.6

配置：

./configure –prefix=/usr/local/nginx

编译：make

安装：sudo make install

启动：sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

注意：-c 指定配置文件的路径，不加的话，nginx会自动加载默认路径的配置文件，可以通过-h查看帮助命令。

查看进程：ps -ef | grep nginx

配置软链接

sudo ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/bin/nginx

现在就可以不用路径直接输入nginx启动。

配置开机启动服务

在/etc/init.d/下创建nginx文件，sudo vim /etc/init.d/nginx，内容如下：

!/bin/sh

BEGIN INIT INFO

Provides: nginx

Required-Start: localfsremote_fs networksyslog $named

Required-Stop: localfsremote_fs networksyslog $named

Default-Start: 2 3 4 5

Default-Stop: 0 1 6

Short-Description: starts the nginx web server

Description: starts nginx using start-stop-daemon

END INIT INFO

PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

DAEMON=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

NAME=nginx

DESC=nginx

Include nginx defaults if availableif [ -r /etc/default/nginx ]; then

. /etc/default/nginxfi

STOP_SCHEDULE=”${STOP_SCHEDULE:-QUIT/5/TERM/5/KILL/5}”

test -x $DAEMON || exit 0

. /lib/init/vars.sh

. /lib/lsb/init-functions

Try to extract nginx pidfile

PID=(cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf | grep -Ev '^\s*#' | awk 'BEGIN { RS="[;{}]" } { if ($1 == "pid") print $2 }' | head -n1)if [ -z "PID” ]; then

PID=/run/nginx.pidfi

if [ -n “ULIMIT” ]; then
# Set ulimit if it is set in /etc/default/nginx
ulimitULIMITfi

start_nginx() {

# Start the daemon/service

#

# Returns:

# 0 if daemon has been started

# 1 if daemon was already running

# 2 if daemon could not be started

start-stop-daemon –start –quiet –pidfile PID−−execDAEMON –test > /dev/null \

|| return 1

start-stop-daemon –start –quiet –pidfile PID−−execDAEMON – \

$DAEMON_OPTS 2>/dev/null \

|| return 2

}

test_config() {

# Test the nginx configuration

DAEMON−tDAEMON_OPTS >/dev/null 2>&1

}

stop_nginx() {

# Stops the daemon/service

#

# Return

# 0 if daemon has been stopped

# 1 if daemon was already stopped

# 2 if daemon could not be stopped

# other if a failure occurred

start-stop-daemon –stop –quiet –retry=STOPSCHEDULE−−pidfilePID –name NAMERETVAL=”?”

sleep 1

return “$RETVAL”

}

reload_nginx() {

# Function that sends a SIGHUP to the daemon/service

start-stop-daemon –stop –signal HUP –quiet –pidfile PID−−nameNAME

return 0

}

rotate_logs() {

# Rotate log files

start-stop-daemon –stop –signal USR1 –quiet –pidfile PID−−nameNAME

return 0

}

upgrade_nginx() {

# Online upgrade nginx executable

# http://nginx.org/en/docs/control.html #

# Return

# 0 if nginx has been successfully upgraded

# 1 if nginx is not running

# 2 if the pid files were not created on time

# 3 if the old master could not be killed

if start-stop-daemon –stop –signal USR2 –quiet –pidfile PID−−nameNAME; then

# Wait for both old and new master to write their pid file

while [ ! -s “PID.oldbin"]||[!−s"{PID}” ]; do

cnt=

expr $cnt + 1

if [ cnt -gt 10 ]; then
return 2
fi
sleep 1
done
# Everything is ready, gracefully stop the old master
if start-stop-daemon –stop –signal QUIT –quiet –pidfile “{PID}.oldbin" --name NAME; then
return 0
else
return 3
fi
else
return 1
fi
}
case “1” in

start)

log_daemon_msg “Starting DESC""NAME”

start_nginx

case “?”in0|1)logendmsg0;;2)logendmsg1;;esac;;stop)logdaemonmsg“StoppingDESC" "NAME”stopnginxcase“?” in

0|1) log_end_msg 0 ;;

2) log_end_msg 1 ;;

esac

;;

restart)

log_daemon_msg “Restarting DESC""NAME”

# Check configuration before stopping nginx
if ! test_config; then
log_end_msg 1 # Configuration error
exit $?
fi

stop_nginx
case "$?" in
0|1)
start_nginx
case "$?" in
0) log_end_msg 0 ;;
1) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Old process is still running
*) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Failed to start
esac
;;
*)
# Failed to stop
log_end_msg 1
;;
esac
;;
reload|force-reload)
log_daemon_msg "Reloading $DESC configuration" "$NAME"

# Check configuration before stopping nginx
#
# This is not entirely correct since the on-disk nginx binary
# may differ from the in-memory one, but that's not common.        # We prefer to check the configuration and return an error
# to the administrator.
if ! test_config; then
log_end_msg 1 # Configuration error
exit $?
fi

reload_nginx
log_end_msg $?
;;
configtest|testconfig)
log_daemon_msg "Testing $DESC configuration"
test_config
log_end_msg $?
;;
status)
status_of_proc -p $PID "$DAEMON" "$NAME" && exit 0 || exit $?
;;
upgrade)
log_daemon_msg "Upgrading binary" "$NAME"
upgrade_nginx
log_end_msg $?
;;
rotate)
log_daemon_msg "Re-opening $DESC log files" "$NAME"
rotate_logs
log_end_msg $?
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $NAME {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status|configtest|rotate|upgrade}" >&2
exit 3
;;esac

设置服务脚本有执行权限sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx

注册服务

cd /etc/init.d/sudo update-rc.d nginx defaults

现在基本上就可以开机启动了，常用的命令如下：

sudo service nginx {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status|configtest|rotate|upgrade}

ubuntu 16.04.1 nginx彻底删除

1.删除nginx，-purge包括配置文件

sudo apt-get –purge remove nginx

2.移除全部不使用的软件包

sudo apt-get autoremove

3.罗列出与nginx相关的软件并删除

dpkg –get-selections|grep nginx

sudo apt-get –purge remove nginx

sudo apt-get –purge remove nginx-common

sudo apt-get –purge remove nginx-core

4.查看nginx正在运行的进程，如果有就kill掉

ps -ef |grep nginx

sudo kill -9 XXX

5.全局查找与nginx相关的文件

sudo find / -name nginx*

sudo rm -rf file

6.删除列出的所有文件

sudo rm -rf file

7.重装nginx

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install nginx

nginx的其他内容

测试nginx配置是否正确

sudo nginx -t

nginx 重启

sudo service nginx restart