一.配置简单的嵌入式tomcat和jetty

我们写了一个web应用,打成war包后,就需要找一个server来部署.对于我们的实际应用,我们基本没必要自己再写一个嵌入式的server.接下来两篇文章只是以钻研的心态来学习一下嵌入式tomcat和jetty. 促使我去写这篇文章是因为在我看来,gretty不完美,无论用tomcat还是jetty,修改类之后,reload几次内存占用高涨,硬盘读写频繁,最终感到无奈(应用存在内存不正确释放,或许我使用的方式不对).
我选用了<<gradle的war插件>>简单开发的web应用,此例主要开发框架:springmvc(java config方式)+spring data jpa(jpa由hibernate实现)+mysql,开发IDE工具:idea13.1,项目管理工具:gradle,源码下载:http://download.csdn.net/detail/xiejx618/7696821 一.war包配置的嵌入式tomcat例子. 1.运行一下war任务,对这个web应用打成war包.然后再解压一下这个包.

2.再新建一个gradle项目

a.build.gradle

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apply plugin: 'java'

sourceCompatibility = 1.6

version = '1.0'

repositories {

mavenCentral()

}

dependencies {

compile("org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-jasper:8.0.9")

compile("org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core:8.0.9")

compile("org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-logging-juli:8.0.9")

compile("org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-logging-log4j:8.0.9")

compile("org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-el:8.0.9")

compile("org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-websocket:8.0.9")

compile("org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler:ecj:4.4")

}

apply plugin: 'java'
sourceCompatibility = 1.6
version = '1.0'
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
compile("org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-jasper:8.0.9")
compile("org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core:8.0.9")
compile("org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-logging-juli:8.0.9")
compile("org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-logging-log4j:8.0.9")
compile("org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-el:8.0.9")
compile("org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-websocket:8.0.9")
compile("org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler:ecj:4.4")
}

compile("org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler:ecj:4.4")相当重要,没有此jar包,类加载器就没有加载部分类的字节码,我多次调试才找到问题. 当然,也可以建一个java工程,到http://tomcat.apache.org/download-80.cgi下载Binary Distributions的Embedded包(下载地址:http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.0.9/bin/embed/apache-tomcat-8.0.9-embed.zip),把里面的所有jar包加到工程的Libraries就可以了. b.新建一个含有main方法的可执行类(此类的编写参考了Aleksa Vukotic James Goodwill写的<<Apache Tomcat 7>>CHAPTER9 Embedding Tomcat).

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import org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException;

import org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener;

import org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer;

import org.apache.catalina.startup.ClassLoaderFactory;

import org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;

/**

* Created by nil on 2014/8/1.

*/

public class EmbeddedTomcat {

private Tomcat tomcat;

private void startTomcat(int port,String contextPath,String baseDir) throws ServletException, LifecycleException {

tomcat = new Tomcat();

tomcat.setPort(port);

tomcat.setBaseDir(".");

StandardServer server = (StandardServer) tomcat.getServer();

AprLifecycleListener listener = new AprLifecycleListener();

server.addLifecycleListener(listener);

tomcat.addWebapp(contextPath, baseDir);

tomcat.start();

}

private void stopTomcat() throws LifecycleException {

tomcat.stop();

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {

int port=8080;

String contextPath = "/test";

String baseDir = "C:/Users/nil/AppData/Local/Temp/jetty-0.0.0.0-8080-test-1.0.war-_test-any-8966644989981380511.dir/webapp";

EmbeddedTomcat tomcat = new EmbeddedTomcat();

tomcat.startTomcat(port, contextPath, baseDir);

//由于Tomcat的start方法为非阻塞方法,加一个线程睡眠模拟线程阻塞.

Thread.sleep(10000000);

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

import org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException;
import org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener;
import org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer;
import org.apache.catalina.startup.ClassLoaderFactory;
import org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
/**
* Created by nil on 2014/8/1.
*/
public class EmbeddedTomcat {
private Tomcat tomcat;
private void startTomcat(int port,String contextPath,String baseDir) throws ServletException, LifecycleException {
tomcat = new Tomcat();
tomcat.setPort(port);
tomcat.setBaseDir(".");
StandardServer server = (StandardServer) tomcat.getServer();
AprLifecycleListener listener = new AprLifecycleListener();
server.addLifecycleListener(listener);
tomcat.addWebapp(contextPath, baseDir);
tomcat.start();
}
private void stopTomcat() throws LifecycleException {
tomcat.stop();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
int port=8080;
String contextPath = "/test";
String baseDir = "C:/Users/nil/AppData/Local/Temp/jetty-0.0.0.0-8080-test-1.0.war-_test-any-8966644989981380511.dir/webapp";
EmbeddedTomcat tomcat = new EmbeddedTomcat();
tomcat.startTomcat(port, contextPath, baseDir);
//由于Tomcat的start方法为非阻塞方法,加一个线程睡眠模拟线程阻塞.
Thread.sleep(10000000);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

其中baseDir为前面war解压的路径,另两个参数port和contextPath是容易理解的. c.运行一下main方法,就可以通过浏览器来访问这个web应用了.

二.war包配置的嵌入式jetty例子. 1.运行一下war任务,对这个web应用打成war包. 2.再新建一个gradle项目. a.build.gradle

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apply plugin: 'java'

sourceCompatibility = 1.6

version = '1.0'

repositories {

mavenCentral()

}

dependencies {

compile("org.eclipse.jetty:example-jetty-embedded:9.2.1.v20140609")

compile("org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-jsp:9.2.1.v20140609")

}

apply plugin: 'java'
sourceCompatibility = 1.6
version = '1.0'
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
compile("org.eclipse.jetty:example-jetty-embedded:9.2.1.v20140609")
compile("org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-jsp:9.2.1.v20140609")
}

b.新建一个含有main方法的可执行类(此类的编写主要参考jetty官方文档:http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/documentation/current/using-annotations-embedded.html).

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import org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server;

import org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.*;

/**

* Created by nil on 2014/8/2.

*/

public class Main {

//Create a WebApp

private static WebAppContext getWebAppContext(){

WebAppContext webapp = new WebAppContext();

webapp.setContextPath("/");

webapp.setWar("E:/idea/test/build/libs/test-1.0.war");

return webapp;

}

public static void appStart() throws Exception {

Server server = new Server(8080);

//Enable parsing of jndi-related parts of web.xml and jetty-env.xml

org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.Configuration.ClassList classlist = org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.Configuration.ClassList.setServerDefault(server);

classlist.addAfter("org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.FragmentConfiguration", "org.eclipse.jetty.plus.webapp.EnvConfiguration", "org.eclipse.jetty.plus.webapp.PlusConfiguration");

classlist.addBefore("org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.JettyWebXmlConfiguration", "org.eclipse.jetty.annotations.AnnotationConfiguration");

//get a WebAppContext

server.setHandler(getWebAppContext());

server.start();

server.join();

}

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

appStart();

}

}

import org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server;
import org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.*;
/**
* Created by nil on 2014/8/2.
*/
public class Main {
//Create a WebApp
private static WebAppContext getWebAppContext(){
WebAppContext webapp = new WebAppContext();
webapp.setContextPath("/");
webapp.setWar("E:/idea/test/build/libs/test-1.0.war");
return webapp;
}
public static void appStart() throws Exception {
Server server = new Server(8080);
//Enable parsing of jndi-related parts of web.xml and jetty-env.xml
org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.Configuration.ClassList classlist = org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.Configuration.ClassList.setServerDefault(server);
classlist.addAfter("org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.FragmentConfiguration", "org.eclipse.jetty.plus.webapp.EnvConfiguration", "org.eclipse.jetty.plus.webapp.PlusConfiguration");
classlist.addBefore("org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.JettyWebXmlConfiguration", "org.eclipse.jetty.annotations.AnnotationConfiguration");
//get a WebAppContext
server.setHandler(getWebAppContext());
server.start();
server.join();
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
appStart();
}
}

appStart方法内第3-5行是为了支持servlet3特性.其中上面的setWar这里就是上面打包的war包路径. c.运行一下main方法,就可以通过浏览器来访问这个web应用了.