设置mysql用户密码(5.6/5.7)、远程连接数据库、常用命令
2018-01-13 00:38
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13.1 设置更改root密码
首先,直接使用mysql命令是会有提示“命令不存在”,原因是该命令没有加入系统环境变量。
暂时将其加入环境变量中:
这时,只是暂时将其加入环境变量中,关机后就使用不了了。要想使其永久生效,要将这条命令写入/etc/profile中
![](https://oscdn.geek-share.com/Uploads/Images/Content/202005/09/bd94823d9a64dfd36b7fda458a0eb4e1)
保存退出后,重启
这时就可以使用mysql命令直接登陆了。
设置mysql密码为000000
登录
修改和重置密码
![](https://oscdn.geek-share.com/Uploads/Images/Content/202005/09/05ec3e58015f82ac95552879bcddda24)
重启mysql服务
将root密码改为111111
退出mysql
重启mysql服务。
mysql5.7 root密码更改 http://www.apelearn.com/bbs/thread-7289-1-1.html
使用与shell脚本
mysql常用命令
切换库 use mysql;
查看库里的表 show tables;
查看表里的字段 desc tb_name;
查看user表的字段
查看建表语句 show create table tb_name\G;
\G是将信息竖列显示
查看当前用户 select user();
记录mysql命令历史:
查看当前使用的数据库 select databsase();
创建库 create database db1;
创建表 use db1; create table t1(
在数据库中,表在库中。
在db1库中创建t1表;
或者
删除一个表(t1)
查看当前数据库版本 select version();
查看数据库状态 show status;列出常用的数据
查看各参数
show variables;
show variables like ‘max_connect%’;
%可以通配
修改参数 set global max_connect_errors=1000;
查看队列,查看mysql正在执行的操作
myisam 和innodb引擎对比 http://www.pureweber.com/article/myisam-vs-innodb/
mysql 配置详解: http://blog.linuxeye.com/379.html
mysql调优: http://www.aminglinux.com/bbs/thread-5758-1-1.html
同学分享的亲身mysql调优经历: http://www.apelearn.com/bbs/thread-11281-1-1.html
首先,直接使用mysql命令是会有提示“命令不存在”,原因是该命令没有加入系统环境变量。
暂时将其加入环境变量中:
[root@shuai-01 ~]# export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin/
这时,只是暂时将其加入环境变量中,关机后就使用不了了。要想使其永久生效,要将这条命令写入/etc/profile中
[root@shuai-01 ~]# vim /etc/profile export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin/
保存退出后,重启
[root@shuai-01 ~]# source /etc/profile
这时就可以使用mysql命令直接登陆了。
[root@shuai-01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password:
设置mysql密码为000000
[root@shuai-01 ~]# mysqladmin -uroot password '000000'
登录
[root@shuai-01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p000000
修改和重置密码
修改密码: 将root密码修改为shuai [root@localhost ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p000000 password 'shuai' 新密码登录: [root@shuai-01 ~]# mysql -uroot -pshuai Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> quit Bye --------------------------------------------- 重置密码 1. 编辑my.cnf配置文件 [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf [mysqld]下添加 skip-grant
重启mysql服务
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart 这时可以直接登陆mysql,不用密码。 2. 利用mysql库中的user表修改密码 [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot use mysql select * from user; update user set password=password('重置后的密码') where user='root';
将root密码改为111111
mysql> use mysql Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> select * from user; mysql> update user set password=password('111111') where user='root'; Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.04 sec) Rows matched: 4 Changed: 4 Warnings: 0
退出mysql
进入/etc/profile中取消skip-grant
重启mysql服务。
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
mysql5.7 root密码更改 http://www.apelearn.com/bbs/thread-7289-1-1.html
连接Mysql
mysql的几种连接方式1. 直接输入用户名和密码。适用于本机用户连接本机mysql mysql -uroot -p123456 2. 通过ip和端口连接mysql,适用于本机用户连接本机mysql或者本机用户连接远端mysql mysql -uroot -p123456 -h127.0.0.1 -P3306 [root@shuai-01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p111111 -h127.0.0.1 -P3306 3. 通过sock套接字文件连接mysql,适用于本机用户连接本机mysql(只适合本机) mysql -uroot -p123456 -S/tmp/mysql.sock [root@shuai-01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p111111 -S/tmp/mysql.sock 4. 连接mysql的同时执行mysql语句 mysql -uroot -p123456 -e “show databases” 显示所有的数据库 [root@shuai-01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p111111 -e "show databases" Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+
使用与shell脚本
Mysql常用命令
mysql命令语句完了一定要加’;’mysql常用命令
查询库 show databases; mysql> show databases -> ; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.10 sec)
切换库 use mysql;
mysql> use mysql; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed
查看库里的表 show tables;
mysql> show tables; +---------------------------+ | Tables_in_mysql | +---------------------------+ | columns_priv | | db | | event | | func | | general_log | | help_category | | help_keyword | | help_relation | | help_topic | | innodb_index_stats | | innodb_table_stats | | ndb_binlog_index | | plugin | | proc | | procs_priv | | proxies_priv | | servers | | slave_master_info | | slave_relay_log_info | | slave_worker_info | | slow_log | | tables_priv | | time_zone | | time_zone_leap_second | | time_zone_name | | time_zone_transition | | time_zone_transition_type | | user | +---------------------------+ 28 rows in set (0.00 sec)
查看表里的字段 desc tb_name;
查看user表的字段
mysql> desc user; +------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+ | Host | char(60) | NO | PRI | | | | User | char(16) | NO | PRI | | | | Password | char(41) | NO | | | | | Select_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | | | Insert_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | | | Update_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | | | Delete_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | | | Create_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | | | Drop_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | | | Reload_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | | | Shutdown_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | | | Process_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | | | File_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | | | Grant_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | | | References_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | | | Index_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | | | Alter_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | | | Show_db_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | | | Super_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | | | Create_tmp_table_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | | | Lock_tables_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | | | Execute_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | | | Repl_slave_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | | | Repl_client_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | | | Create_view_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | | | Show_view_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | | | Create_routine_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | | | Alter_routine_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | | | Create_user_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | | | Event_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | | | Trigger_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | | | Create_tablespace_priv | enum('N','Y') | bf89 NO | | N | | | ssl_type | enum('','ANY','X509','SPECIFIED') | NO | | | | | ssl_cipher | blob | NO | | NULL | | | x509_issuer | blob | NO | | NULL | | | x509_subject | blob | NO | | NULL | | | max_questions | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | | | max_updates | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | | | max_connections | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | | | max_user_connections | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | | | plugin | char(64) | YES | | mysql_native_password | | | authentication_string | text | YES | | NULL | | | password_expired | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | | +------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+ 43 rows in set (0.14 sec)
查看建表语句 show create table tb_name\G;
\G是将信息竖列显示
mysql> show create table user\G; *************************** 1. row *************************** Table: user Create Table: CREATE TABLE `user` ( `Host` char(60) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `User` char(16) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `Password` char(41) CHARACTER SET latin1 COLLATE latin1_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `Select_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N', `Insert_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N', `Update_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N', `Delete_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N', `Create_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N', `Drop_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N', `Reload_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N', `Shutdown_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N', `Process_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N', `File_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N', `Grant_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N', `References_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N', `Index_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N', `Alter_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N', `Show_db_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N', `Super_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N', `Create_tmp_table_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N', `Lock_tables_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N', `Execute_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N', `Repl_slave_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N', `Repl_client_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N', `Create_view_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N', `Show_view_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N', `Create_routine_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N', `Alter_routine_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N', `Create_user_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N', `Event_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N', `Trigger_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N', `Create_tablespace_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N', `ssl_type` enum('','ANY','X509','SPECIFIED') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `ssl_cipher` blob NOT NULL, `x509_issuer` blob NOT NULL, `x509_subject` blob NOT NULL, `max_questions` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', `max_updates` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', `max_connections` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', `max_user_connections` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', `plugin` char(64) COLLATE utf8_bin DEFAULT 'mysql_native_password', `authentication_string` text COLLATE utf8_bin, `password_expired` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N', PRIMARY KEY (`Host`,`User`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin COMMENT='Users and global privileges' 1 row in set (0.08 sec)
查看当前用户 select user();
mysql> select user(); +----------------+ | user() | +----------------+ | root@localhost | +----------------+ 1 row in set (0.30 sec)
记录mysql命令历史:
[root@shuai-01 ~]# less .mysql_history use\040mysql select\040*\040from\040user ; show\040databases ; use\040mysql use\040mysql; show\040tables; desc\040user; show\040create\040table\040user\134G; select\040user(); .mysql_history (END)
查看当前使用的数据库 select databsase();
mysql> select database(); +------------+ | database() | +------------+ | NULL | +------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
创建库 create database db1;
mysql> create database db1; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.15 sec) mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | db1 | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
创建表 use db1; create table t1(
idint(4),
namechar(40));
在数据库中,表在库中。
在db1库中创建t1表;
mysql> use db1 Database changed mysql> create table t1(`id` int(4),`name` char(20)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.84 sec) mysql> show create table t1\G; *************************** 1. row *************************** Table: t1 Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t1` ( `id` int(4) DEFAULT NULL, `name` char(20) DEFAULT NULL ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 1 row in set (0.06 sec) ERROR: No query specified
或者
mysql> create table t1(`id` int(4),`name` char(20)) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.12 sec)
删除一个表(t1)
mysql> drop table t1; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.17 sec) mysql> show tables; Empty set (0.01 sec)
查看当前数据库版本 select version();
mysql> select version(); +-----------+ | version() | +-----------+ | 5.6.36 | +-----------+ 1 row in set (0.07 sec)
查看数据库状态 show status;列出常用的数据
查看各参数
show variables;
show variables like ‘max_connect%’;
%可以通配
修改参数 set global max_connect_errors=1000;
查看队列,查看mysql正在执行的操作
show processlist; show full processlist;
myisam 和innodb引擎对比 http://www.pureweber.com/article/myisam-vs-innodb/
mysql 配置详解: http://blog.linuxeye.com/379.html
mysql调优: http://www.aminglinux.com/bbs/thread-5758-1-1.html
同学分享的亲身mysql调优经历: http://www.apelearn.com/bbs/thread-11281-1-1.html
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