linux 安装mysql 5.7版本

写下本文为了是记录自己linux下安装mysql5.7 的过程

我是新安装的centos65 因为系统默认自带了 mysql5.1的一些包，所以安装时出现了错误，如下：

我需要安装的时mysql 5.7 ，但是系统提示我 我安装的与现有的文件有冲突
[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
file /usr/share/mysql/czech/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/danish/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/dutch/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/english/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/estonian/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/french/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/german/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/greek/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/hungarian/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/italian/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/japanese/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/korean/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/norwegian-ny/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/norwegian/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/polish/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/portuguese/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/romanian/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/russian/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/serbian/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/slovak/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/spanish/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/swedish/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/ukrainian/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/Index.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/armscii8.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ascii.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/cp1250.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/cp1256.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/cp1257.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/cp850.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/cp852.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/cp866.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/dec8.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/geostd8.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/greek.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/hebrew.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/hp8.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/keybcs2.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/koi8r.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/koi8u.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/latin1.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/latin2.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/latin5.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/latin7.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/macce.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/macroman.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64
file /usr/share/mysql/charsets/swe7.xml from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64

解决方法如下：

找到mysql已经有的文件
[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -qa|grep mysql
mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64

强行删除
rpm -e --nodeps mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64  如果没有--nodeps 参数 可能会提示，包被其他程序依赖。

以上也许有人不会需要，所以不作为安装步骤写了。

下面就是安装mysql的正确过程了

（1）首先去官网下载安装包 https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/ 因为我的linux时centos6.5 属于Red Hat系列，所以我选择的是 
Red Hat Enterprise Linux/Oracle Linux  系列  Red Hat Enterprise Linux/Oracle Linux（X86,64-bit）版本
下的
mysql-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

这包里面包含 客户端，服务端，公共包等多项内容，其它的下载项则为单项内容

（2）上传到linux 我上传的目录为 /usr/local/mysql

      解压
[root@localhost mysql]# tar -xvf mysql-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar 

      解压内容如下：
mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-test-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

（3）安装服务端，不成功，提示如下

[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64
mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 5.7.20-1.el6 is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64

这说明我需要先安装 mysql-community-client 与 mysql-community-common 两项

（4）安装common成功

[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:mysql-community-common ########################################### [100%]

（5）安装 client 失败，提示如下：
[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
mysql-community-libs(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 is needed by mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64

（6）需要先再装 libs 成功
[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-libs-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:mysql-community-libs   ########################################### [100%]

（7）安装 客户端成功
[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:mysql-community-client ########################################### [100%]

（8）安装服务端成功
[root@localhost mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:mysql-community-server ########################################### [100%]
   

（9）mysql可以正常启动了，但是此时会告诉我没有登录权限，提示如下：
无密码登录  mysql 
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'admin0'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
有密码登录 mysql -u root -p
password :root(无论正确与否)
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)

解决办法：参看如下文章 http://blog.csdn.net/keepd/article/details/77151006
1，停止mysql服务
service mysqld stop

2，修改配置文件无密码登录

vi /etc/my.cnf  

在最尾部加上
skip-grant-tables  
保存

3，启动mysql

service mysqld start; 

4，登录musql
mysql -u root  
此处注意不要加-p

5,修改密码，mysql5.7用此语法
use mysql ;  
update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('123456') where user='root' ; 

6,回到第二步骤去掉加上的
skip-grant-tables  

7、保存重启完成

        有一部分人到这里（win 系统登录）还是不行，有可能是因为 虚拟机的时间与win的时间不一致，我就遇到了。

我的方法是 步骤，1,2,3 然后从别的 数据库里面，把 mysql库中user表内的数据复制过来，直接替换掉原有的 user数据，

因为我 按上面的 7个步骤后，一直提示我密码过期，改了无数次就是不行，所以才用了数据替换的方法。

（10）mysql 安装到哪里去了
指令 ps -ef|grep mysql 得出结果

root     17659     1  0  2011 ?        00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock --log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid   
mysql    17719 17659  0  2011 ?        03:14:57 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --user=mysql --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --skip-external-locking --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock  
usr/bin/mysql 是指：mysql的运行路径 
var/lib/mysql 是指：mysql数据库文件的存放路径 
usr/lib/mysql 是指：mysql的安装路径

（11）
Linux下mysql主从同步备份master-slave详细配置

1、概要
首先要准备两台服务器，一台主服务器(Master)，另一台从服务器(Slave)，然后要保证Master与Slave的版本要相同且Master不能高于Slave的版本，一般稳健的做法都是使其版本相同，因为MySQL不同版本之间的binlog(二进制日志)格式可能会不一样，最后会导致同步出现异常。介绍先到这里，以下我们先确认两台服务器的信息：

主服务器(Master)：
IP：172.16.2.233
系统：Linux(centos6.5 v10.10)
MySQL版本：5.7
需要同步的数据库名：sxm
用于同步的帐号：root
用于同步的密码：123456

————————————–

从服务器(Slave)
IP：172.16.2.234
系统：Linux(centos6.5 v10.10)
系统：Linux(centos6.5 v10.10)
需要同步的数据库名：sxm

注：以下的配置以及测试都是使用SSH来进行的

2、修改Master服务器的配置

#打开my.cnf配置文件

vi /etc/my.cnf

#键入 /server-id 找到server-id的位置，把以下内容对照设置进去，键入 i，激活输入状态
#注意，这里的Master与Slave的server-id不能相同

server-id               = 1
log_bin                 = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log
expire_logs_days        = 10
max_binlog_size         = 100M
binlog_do_db            = myslave #如果需要同时同步多个数据库，请另起一行设置binlog_do_db=需要同步的数据库名称
binlog_ignore_db        = mysql

3、在Master建立sxm数据库并建立相关的数据表

4、建立用于同步数据的帐号(同步数据使用)

#重启服务器
/etc/init.d/mysql restart

出错的可能
service mysqld start
MySQL Daemon failed to start.
Starting mysqld:                                           [FAILED]
去查看日志  /var/log/mysqld.log
我遇到的是如下提示：
mysqld: File '/var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.index' not found (Errcode: 13 - Permission denied)
这是因为权限问题，我的mysql没有多我新建的 /var/log/mysql 文件的读写权限。
付权
chown mysql:mysql -R  /var/log/mysql
启动ok

#进入mysql查看有没有生效
mysql -u root -p

mysql> show master status;
+——————+———-+————–+——————+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+——————+———-+————–+——————+
| mysql-bin.000001 |      106 | myslave      | mysql            |
+——————+———-+————–+——————+

#以上可以看出跟在my.cnf里设置的是一致的，在此要记下File以及Position的值，后面在Slave服务器上会用到

5、修改Slave服务器的配置

#具体的路径以及版本都与Master服务器一样
vi /etc/mysql/my.cnf

#请对照设置，如下
server-id        = 2
replicate-do-db        = sxm
binlog_ignore_db        = mysql

有的文章说需要以下参数，其实mysql5.5以后这些参数废弃了，需要命令行执行 change master to master_host='masterIP', master_user='slave', master_password='slvaePASS'; 来实现
master-host        = 172.16.2.233
master-user        = root
master-password        = 123456
master-port        = 3306
master-connect-retry    = 5

6、建立数据库并导入备份数据

7、重启Slave服务器上的mysql
service mysqld restart
重启错误可能出现
（1）mysqld: File '/var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.index' not found (Errcode: 13 - Permission denied)
这是因为权限问题，我的mysql没有多我新建的 /var/log/mysql 文件的读写权限。
付权
chown mysql:mysql -R  /var/log/mysql
 
 
（2）[ERROR] unknown variable 'master-host=172.16.2.233'
其实mysql5.5以后这些参数废弃了，需要命令行执行 change master to master_host='masterIP', master_user='slave', master_password='slvaePASS'; 来实现
master-host        = 172.16.2.233
master-user        = root
master-password        = 123456
master-port        = 3306
master-connect-retry    = 5

#配置Slave信息并启动Slave服务
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='172.16.2.233', MASTER_USER='root', MASTER_PASSWORD='123456', MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000002',MASTER_LOG_POS=154;

#以上的是关键，具体的MASTER_LOG_FILE以及MASTER_LOG_POS的数据，可以从Master服务器获得，如果不设置，将无法正常启动Slave服务
#启动Slave服务
mysql> start slave;

#查看同步状态
mysql> show slave status;

#当输入命令后会出现一大堆的状态，具体的看Slave_IO_Running以及Slave_SQL_Running的状态，如果都是Yes就代表正常

8、测试同步
#在Master服务器插入一条数据
mysql> use sxm;
mysql> 
INSERT INTO sx_t_m_role(id,pid,role_type,role_code,role_name,company_id,remark,data_status)
VALUE(1,NULL,'主从同步','主从同步','主从同步',NULL,'主从同步','主从同步');