BZOJ1002 [FJOI2007]轮状病毒

题解：


















限于我的水平，推导可能会有纰漏，欢迎批评指正
一点想法：
这题的推导并不困难，所用的行列式内容也只是基础。蒟蒻在花了两天学习了行列式基础（一天在暑假，一天是今天），远不及行列式的精髓内容，但已经能够独立推导出这道题。但即便这样，这题的行列式推导解法却也是寥寥无几(orz VFK大佬)(似乎也有巧妙的DP解法)。诚然，这题用打表比推式子计算要快得多，考试的时候是首选。但是如果在平时的训练中也只是一知半解，靠打表解决问题，锻炼了应试能力，却丢失了最有利的数学武器，实在是太可惜。
(粘了个高精板子，感觉码风不是很协调……)
#include<set>
#include<map>
#include<queue>
#include<stack>
#include<cmath>
#include<cstdio>
#include<time.h>
#include<vector>
#include<cstring>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
#define LL long long
using namespace std;
const int N=1e5+10;
const int MAXN=300;
const int mod=1e9+7;
const int inf=0x3f3f3f3f;

namespace FastIO {
template<typename tp> inline void read(tp &x) {
x=0; char c=getchar(); bool f=0;
for(;c<'0'||c>'9';f|=(c=='-'),c = getchar());
for(;c>='0'&&c<='9';x=(x<<3)+(x<<1)+c-'0',c = getchar());
if(f) x=-x;
}
template<typename tp> inline void write(tp x) {
if (x==0) return (void) (putchar('0'));
if (x<0) putchar('-'),x=-x;
int pr[20]; register int cnt=0;
for (;x;x/=10) pr[++cnt]=x%10;
while (cnt) putchar(pr[cnt--]+'0');
}
template<typename tp> inline void writeln(tp x) {
write(x);
putchar('\n');
}
}
using namespace FastIO;

struct bign
{
int len, s[MAXN];
bign ()
{
memset(s, 0, sizeof(s));
len = 1;
}
bign (int num) { *this = num; }
bign (const char *num) { *this = num; }
bign operator = (const int num)
{
char s[MAXN];
sprintf(s, "%d", num);
*this = s;
return *this;
}
bign operator = (const char *num)
{
for(int i = 0; num[i] == '0'; num++) ;
len = strlen(num);
for(int i = 0; i < len; i++) s[i] = num[len-i-1] - '0';
return *this;
}
bign operator + (const bign &b) const
{
bign c;
c.len = 0;
for(int i = 0, g = 0; g || i < max(len, b.len); i++)
{
int x = g;
if(i < len) x += s[i];
if(i < b.len) x += b.s[i];
c.s[c.len++] = x % 10;
g = x / 10;
}
return c;
}
bign operator += (const bign &b)
{
*this = *this + b;
return *this;
}
void clean()
{
while(len > 1 && !s[len-1]) len--;
}
bign operator * (const bign &b)
{
bign c;
c.len = len + b.len;
for(int i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
for(int j = 0; j < b.len; j++)
{
c.s[i+j] += s[i] * b.s[j];
}
}
for(int i = 0; i < c.len; i++)
{
c.s[i+1] += c.s[i]/10;
c.s[i] %= 10;
}
c.clean();
return c;
}
bign operator *= (const bign &b)
{
*this = *this * b;
return *this;
}
bign operator - (const bign &b)
{
bign c;
c.len = 0;
for(int i = 0, g = 0; i < len; i++)
{
int x = s[i] - g;
if(i < b.len) x -= b.s[i];
if(x >= 0) g = 0;
else
{
g = 1;
x += 10;
}
c.s[c.len++] = x;
}
c.clean();
return c;
}
bign operator -= (const bign &b)
{
*this = *this - b;
return *this;
}
bign operator / (const bign &b)
{
bign c, f = 0;
for(int i = len-1; i >= 0; i--)
{
f = f*10;
f.s[0] = s[i];
while(f >= b)
{
f -= b;
c.s[i]++;
}
}
c.len = len;
c.clean();
return c;
}
bign operator /= (const bign &b)
{
*this = *this / b;
return *this;
}
bign operator % (const bign &b)
{
bign r = *this / b;
r = *this - r*b;
return r;
}
bign operator %= (const bign &b)
{
*this = *this % b;
return *this;
}
bool operator < (const bign &b)
{
if(len != b.len) return len < b.len;
for(int i = len-1; i >= 0; i--)
{
if(s[i] != b.s[i]) return s[i] < b.s[i];
}
return false;
}
bool operator > (const bign &b)
{
if(len != b.len) return len > b.len;
for(int i = len-1; i >= 0; i--)
{
if(s[i] != b.s[i]) return s[i] > b.s[i];
}
return false;
}
bool operator == (const bign &b)
{
return !(*this > b) && !(*this < b);
}
bool operator != (const bign &b)
{
return !(*this == b);
}
bool operator <= (const bign &b)
{
return *this < b || *this == b;
}
bool operator >= (const bign &b)
{
return *this > b || *this == b;
}
string str() const
{
string res = "";
for(int i = 0; i < len; i++) res = char(s[i]+'0') + res;
return res;
}
}now,las,ans;

istream& operator >> (istream &in, bign &x)
{
string s;
in >> s;
x = s.c_str();
return in;
}

ostream& operator << (ostream &out, const bign &x)
{
out << x.str();
return out;
}

int main() {
int n;
scanf("%d",&n);
if (n==1) {
puts("1");
return 0;
}
las=1; now=3;
for (int i=2;i<n;i++) {
bign t=las;
las=now;
now=las*3-t;
}
ans=now*3-las*2-2;
cout<<ans;
return 0;
}