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Django 之 ORM 一对多、多对多及 ajax 操作

2017-12-22 20:35 776 查看

一对多

数据库中一对多关系是最普通的一种关系。在这种关系中，A 表中的一行可以匹配 B 表中的多行，但是 B 表中的一行只能匹配 A 表中的一行。

如：部门表UserGroup 和员工表Userinfo 之间具有一对多关系，一个部门可以有很多员工，一个员工仅属于一个部门。（这里仅举例便于理解，实际情况可能不是这样）

创建一对多关系表需要用到外键约束：ForeignKey("PrimaryTable",to_filed='xxx')

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

class UserGroup(model s.Model):
uid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)  #自定义自增列，必须声明primary_key=True
caption = models.CharField(max_length=32,unique=True)

class UserInfo(models.Model):
username = models.CharField(max_length=32,blank=True,verbose_name='用户名')
　　 password = models.CharField(max_length=60, help_text='pwd')
email = models.CharField(max_length=60)
user_group = models.ForeignKey("UserGroup",to_field='uid',default=1)
# default=1 表示默认属于哪个部门，django在数据库中将user_group存取字段为user_group_id，实际上user_group为UserGroup的对象封装了(uid,caption,ctime,uptime)

from app01 import models
def orm(request):
models.UserInfo.objects.create(
username='root1',
password='123',
email="xxx.@qq.com",
user_group = models.UserGroup.objects.filter(id=1).first() # 或 user_group_id = 1 (推荐)
)

user_list = Userinfo.objects.all()
for row in user_list:
print(row.user_group) #这里 user_group代指 UserGroup 对象
print(row.user_group.id)  # 等同于 print(row.user_group_uid)
print(row.user_group.caption)

示例：用户管理

urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url,include
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [
url(r'^login/', views.login),
url(r'^index/', views.index),
url(r'^user_info/', views.user_info),
url(r'^userdetail-(?P<nid>\d+)/', views.user_detail),
url(r'^userdel-(?P<nid>\d+)/', views.user_del),
url(r'^useredit-(?P<nid>\d+)/', views.user_edit),
]

view.py

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect

def login(request):
models.UserGroup.objects.create(caption='DBA')

if request.method == "GET":
return render(request, 'login.html')
elif request.method == "POST":
# 数据库中执行 select * from user where usernam='x' and password='x'
u = request.POST.get('user')
p = request.POST.get('pwd')
# count = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=u, password=p).count()
obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=u, password=p).first()
if obj:
return redirect('/cmdb/index/')
else:
return render(request, 'login.html')
else:
# PUT,DELETE,HEAD,OPTION...
return redirect('/index/')

def index(request):
return render(request, 'index.html')

def user_info(request):
if request.method == "GET":
user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all()  # print(user_list.query)
group_list = models.UserGroup.objects.all()
return render(request, 'user_info.html', {'user_list': user_list, "group_list": group_list})
elif request.method == 'POST':
u = request.POST.get('user')
p = request.POST.get('pwd')
models.UserInfo.objects.create(username=u,password=p)
return redirect('/cmdb/user_info/')

def user_detail(request, nid):
obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).first()
# models.UserInfo.objects.get(id=nid)  # 取单条数据，但如果不存在则报错
return render(request, 'user_detail.html', {'obj': obj})

def user_del(request, nid):
models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).delete()
return redirect('/cmdb/user_info/')

def user_edit(request, nid):
if request.method == "GET":
obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).first()
return render(request, 'user_edit.html',{'obj': obj})
elif request.method == "POST":
nid = request.POST.get('id')
u = request.POST.get('username')
p = request.POST.get('password')
models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).update(username=u,password=p)
return redirect('/cmdb/user_info/')

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
body{
margin: 0;
}
.menu{
display: block;
padding: 5px;

}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div style="height: 48px;background-color: black;color: white">
Deployment
</div>
<div>
<div style="position: absolute;top:48px;bottom: 0;left: 0;width: 200px;background-color: brown;">
<a class="menu" href="/cmdb/user_info/">用户管理</a>
<a class="menu" href="/cmdb/user_group/">用户组管理</a>
</div>
<div style="position:absolute;top:48px;left: 210px;bottom: 0;right: 0;overflow: auto">
</div>
</div>

</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
body{
margin: 0;
}
.menu{
display: block;
padding: 5px;

}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div style="height: 48px;background-color: black;color: white">
Deployment
</div>
<div>
<div style="position: absolute;top:48px;bottom: 0;left: 0;width: 200px;background-color: brown;">
<a class="menu" href="/cmdb/user_info/">用户管理</a>
<a class="menu" href="/cmdb/user_group/">用户组管理</a>
</div>
<div style="position:absolute;top:48px;left: 210px;bottom: 0;right: 0;overflow: auto">

<h3>添加用户</h3>
<form method="POST" action="/cmdb/user_info/">
<input type="text" name="user" />
<input type="text" name="pwd" />

<select name="group_id">
{% for item in group_list %}
<option value="{{ item.uid }}">{{ item.caption }}</option>
{% endfor %}
</select>

<input type="submit" value="添加"/>
</form>

<h3>用户列表</h3>
<ul>
{% for row in user_list %}
<li>
<a href="/cmdb/userdetail-{{ row.id }}/">{{ row.username }}</a>
<span> {{ row.user_group.caption }} </span>
<a href="/cmdb/userdel-{{ row.id }}/">删除</a> |
<a href="/cmdb/useredit-{{ row.id }}/">编辑</a>
</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
</div>
</div>

</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
body{
margin: 0;
}
.menu{
display: block;
padding: 5px;

}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div style="height: 48px;background-color: black;color: white">
Deployment
</div>
<div>
<div style="position: absolute;top:48px;bottom: 0;left: 0;width: 200px;background-color: brown;">
<a class="menu" href="/cmdb/user_info/">用户管理</a>
<a class="menu" href="/cmdb/user_group/">用户组管理</a>
</div>
<div style="position:absolute;top:48px;left: 210px;bottom: 0;right: 0;overflow: auto">

<h1>用户详细信息</h1>

<h5>{{ obj.id }}</h5>
<h5>{{ obj.name }}</h5>
<h5>{{ obj.password }}</h5>

</div>

</div>

</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
body{
margin: 0;
}
.menu{
display: block;
padding: 5px;

}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div style="height: 48px;background-color: black;color: white">
Deployment
</div>
<div>
<div style="position: absolute;top:48px;bottom: 0;left: 0;width: 200px;background-color: brown;">
<a class="menu" href="/cmdb/user_info/">用户管理</a>
<a class="menu" href="/cmdb/user_group/">用户组管理</a>
</div>
<div style="position:absolute;top:48px;left: 210px;bottom: 0;right: 0;overflow: auto">

<h1>编辑用户</h1>
<form method="post" action="/cmdb/useredit-{{ obj.id }}/">
<input style="display: none" type="text" name="id" value="{{ obj.id }}" />
<input type="text" name="username" value="{{ obj.username }}" />
<input type="text" name="password" value="{{ obj.password }}"/>
<input type="submit" value="提交" />
</form>

</div>

</div>

</body>
</html>

一对多表获取数据的三种方式

models.表类名.objects.all() # QuerySet类型
models.表类名.objects.all().values('f1','f2') # 取固定列的值，此时 QuerySet内部元素变成字典
models.表类名.objects.all().values_list('f1','f2') # # 取固定列的值，此时 QuerySet 内部元素变成元组

示例：业务线|主机列表

#=== models.py ===
from django.db import models
class Foo(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=1)

class Business(models.Model):
# id
caption = models.CharField(max_length=32)
code = models.CharField(max_length=32,null=True,default="SA")
fk = models.ForeignKey('Foo')

class Host(models.Model):
nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
hostname = models.CharField(max_length=32,db_index=True)
ip = models.GenericIPAddressField(protocol="ipv4",db_index=True)
port = models.IntegerField()
b = models.ForeignKey(to="Business", to_field='id')

#=== views.py ===
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect
from app01 import models

def business(request):
# 获取数据的三种方式
v1 = models.Business.objects.all()  # QuerySet类型 <QuerySet [<Business: Business object>,<Business: Business object>,<Business: Business object>]>
v2 = models.Business.objects.all().values('id','caption') # 取固定列的值，此时 QuerySet内部元素变成字典 [{'id':1,'caption': '运维部'},...]
v3 = models.Business.objects.all().values_list('id','caption')  # 取固定列的值， 此时 QuerySet 内部元素变成元组 [(1，运维部),(2,开发部)]
return render(request, 'business.html', {'v1': v1,'v2': v2, 'v3': v3})

def host(request):
v1 = models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0)
for row in v1:
print(row.nid,row.hostname,row.ip,row.port,row.b_id,row.b.caption,row.b.code,row.b.id,sep='\t')
print(row.b.fk.name) # 使用"."进行跨表操作
return HttpResponse("Host")

v2 = models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0).values('nid','hostname','b_id','b__caption')  # 传参时只能用"__"跨表操作
print(v2)
for row in v2:
print(row['nid'],row['hostname'],row['b_id'],row['b__caption'])

v3 = models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0).values_list('nid','hostname','b_id','b__caption')
print(v3)
for row in v3:
print(row[0],row[1],row[2],row[3])

return render(request, 'host.html', {'v1': v1,'v2': v2,'v3': v3})

=== business.html ===


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>业务线列表(对象)</h1>
<ul>
{% for row in v1 %}
<li>{{ row.id }} - {{ row.caption }} - {{ row.code }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
<h1>业务线列表（字典）</h1>
<ul>
{% for row in v2 %}
<li>{{ row.id }} - {{ row.caption }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
<h1>业务线列表（元组）</h1>
<ul>
{% for row in v3 %}
<li>{{ row.0 }} - {{ row.1 }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
</body>
</html>

=== host.html ===


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>主机列表(对象)</h1>
<table border="1">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>序号</th>
<th>主机名</th>
<th>IP</th>
<th>端口</th>
<th>业务线名称</th>
<th>操作</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for row in v1 %}
<tr hid="{{ row.nid }}" bid="{{ row.b_id }}">
<td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>  <!-- 计数器 counter,counter0,revcounter,revcounter0,first,last, parentcounter -->
<td>{{ row.hostname }}</td>
<td>{{ row.ip }}</td>
<td>{{ row.port }}</td>
<td>{{ row.b.caption }}</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>

<h1>主机列表(字典)</h1>
<table border="1">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>主机名</th>
<th>业务线名称</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for row in v2 %}
<tr hid="{{ row.nid }}" bid="{{ row.b_id }}">
<td>{{ row.hostname }}</td>
<td>{{ row.b__caption }}</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}

</tbody>
</table>
<h1>主机列表(元组)</h1>
<table border="1">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>主机名</th>
<th>业务线名称</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for row in v3 %}
<tr hid="{{ row.0 }}" bid="{{ row.2 }}">
<td>{{ row.1 }}</td>
<td>{{ row.3 }}</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>

Ajax 提交数据Ajax : Asynchronous JavaScript and XML，意思就是用JavaScript执行异步网络请求。基于action的 Form表单提交基本流程：  提交 > url 路由 > 函数或类中的方法 进行逻辑处理 > 返回字符串（本质）> 用户HttpResponse('xxx')  # 返回字符串
render(request,'index.html') 　　# open 函数打开html文件，进行渲染得到字符串
redirect('/index/') 　　#　当接受到redirect时，自动发起另外一个请求　

基于action的 Form表单，一旦用户点击“Submit”按钮，表单开始提交，浏览器就会刷新页面。如果要让用户留在当前页面中，同时发出新的HTTP请求，就必须用JavaScript发送这个新请求，接收到数据后，再用JavaScript更新页面。注意：AJAX请求是异步执行的，要通过回调函数获得响应。Ajax提交数据基本流程：提交 > url 路由 > 函数或类中的方法 进行逻辑处理 > 返回字符串 > 执行回调函数 > 用户
$.ajax({
url: '/index/',
data: {'k1': 'v1', 'k2': [1,2,3,4], 'k3': JSON.stringfy({'k1': 'v'}))},   # 或 $(form对象).serilize()
type: 'POST',
dataType: 'JSON':
traditional: true,
success：function(d){
location.reload()      # 刷新
location.href = "http://xxx"   # 跳转
}
})

变种： 内部都调用 $.ajax
$.get(url="xxx",data={},success="")
$.getJson
$.post

示例：添加 | 编辑主机
#=== views.py ===
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect
from app01 import models
import json

# 基于action提交Form表单数据的处理
def host(request):
if request.method == "GET":
v1 = models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0)
v2 = models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0).values('nid','hostname','b_id','b__caption')
v3 = models.Host.objects.filter(nid__gt=0).values_list('nid','hostname','b_id','b__caption')
b_list = models.Business.objects.all()
return render(request, 'host.html', {'v1': v1,'v2': v2,'v3': v3,'b_list':b_list})

elif request.method == "POST":
h = request.POST.get('hostname')
i = request.POST.get('ip')
p = request.POST.get('port')
b = request.POST.get('b_id')
models.Host.objects.create(hostname=h,ip=i,port=p,b_id=b)
# models.Host.objects.create(hostname=h,ip=i,port=p,b=models.Business.objects.get(id=b))
return redirect('/host')  # return render(request,'host.html') 注意不能这样写，数据插入成功但页面并不能显示

# 基于ajax提交的表单数据处理
def ajax(request):
ret = {'status': True, 'error': None, 'data': None}  #  建议：永远让服务器端返回一个字典
try:
h = request.POST.get('hostname')
i = request.POST.get('ip')
p = request.POST.get('port')
b = request.POST.get('b_id')
if h and len(h) > 5:
models.Host.objects.create(hostname=h,ip=i,port=p,b_id=b)
else:
ret['status'] = False
ret['error'] = "not long enough"
except Exception as e:
ret['status'] = False
ret['error'] = 'Quest err'
return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret))  # 注意使用 HttpResponse 返回字符串，需要将字典序列化

=== host.html ===
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
<style>
.hide{
display: none;
}
.shade{
position: fixed;
top: 0;
right: 0;
left: 0;
bottom: 0;
background: black;
opacity: 0.6;
z-index: 100;
}
.add-modal,.edit-modal{
position: fixed;
height: 300px;
width: 400px;
top:100px;
left: 50%;
z-index: 101;
border: 1px solid red;
background: white;
margin-left: -200px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>主机列表(对象)</h1>
<div>
<input id="add_host" type="button" value="添加" />
</div>
<table border="1">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>序号</th>
<th>主机名</th>
<th>IP</th>
<th>端口</th>
<th>业务线名称</th>
<th>操作</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for row in v1 %}
<tr hid="{{ row.nid }}" bid="{{ row.b_id }}">
<td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td>  <!-- 计数器 counter,counter0,revcounter,revcounter0,first,last, parentcounter -->
<td>{{ row.hostname }}</td>
<td>{{ row.ip }}</td>
<td>{{ row.port }}</td>
<td>{{ row.b.caption }}</td>
<td>
<a class="edit">编辑</a>|<a class="delete">删除</a>
</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>

<h1>主机列表(字典)</h1>
<table border="1">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>主机名</th>
<th>业务线名称</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for row in v2 %}
<tr hid="{{ row.nid }}" bid="{{ row.b_id }}">
<td>{{ row.hostname }}</td>
<td>{{ row.b__caption }}</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}

</tbody>
</table>
<h1>主机列表(元组)</h1>
<table border="1">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>主机名</th>
<th>业务线名称</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for row in v3 %}
<tr hid="{{ row.0 }}" bid="{{ row.2 }}">
<td>{{ row.1 }}</td>
<td>{{ row.3 }}</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}

</tbody>
</table>

<div class="shade hide"></div>
<div class="add-modal hide">
<form id="add_form" method="POST" action="/host">
<div class="group">
<input id="host" type="text" placeholder="主机名" name="hostname" />
</div>

<div class="group">
<input id="ip" type="text" placeholder="IP" name="ip" />
</div>

<div class="group">
<input id="port" type="text" placeholder="端口" name="port" />
</div>

<div class="group">
<select id="sel" name="b_id">
{% for op in b_list %}
<option value="{{ op.id }}">{{ op.caption }}</option>
{% endfor %}
</select>
</div>

<input type="submit" value="提交" />
<a id="ajax_submit" > Ajax </a>
<input id="cancel" type="button" value="取消" />
<span id="erro_msg" style="color: red"></span>
</form>
</div>

<script src="/static/jquery-1.12.4.js"></script>
<script>
$(function(){
　　　　　　  // 基于action的 Form表单提交，提交后刷新页面
$('#add_host').click(function(){
$('.shade,.add-modal').removeClass('hide');
});
　　　　　　　// 使用Ajax 提交数据，根据服务器端返回的数据做逻辑判断
$('#ajax_submit').click(function(){
$.ajax({
url: "/ajax",
type: 'POST',
data: $('#add_form').serialize(),  // 将form表单的所有数据发给服务器端 | data: {'hostname': $('#host  ').val(), 'ip': $('#ip').val(), 'port': $('#port').val(), 'b_id': $('#sel').val()},
success: function(data){  // 这里的data为服务端返回的数据
var obj = JSON.parse(data); // 将字符串转换成对象
if(obj.status){
location.reload(); // 重新加载页面
}else{
$('#erro_msg').text(obj.error);
}
}
})
});
　　　　
$('#cancel').click(function(){
$('.shade,.add-modal').addClass('hide');
});

$('.edit').click(function(){
$('.shade,.edit-modal').removeClass('hide');

var bid = $(this).parent().parent().attr('bid');  // 获取业务线id
var nid = $(this).parent().parent().attr('hid');

$('#edit_form').find('select').val(bid); // 设置业务线的id
$('#edit_form').find('input[name="nid"]').val(nid);

/*
$.ajax({
data: $('#edit_form').serialize()
});
*/
// models.Host.objects.filter(nid=nid).update()
})
})

</script>
</body>
</html>

多对多 
在多对多关系中，A 表中的一行可以匹配 B 表中的多行，反之亦然。要创建这种关系，需要定义第三个表，称为结合表，它的主键由 A 表和 B 表的外部键组成。如：主机表 Host 和 应用程序表 Application具有多对多关系，一台主机可能跑多个应用程序，一个应用程序可能在多台主机上运行。HostToApp为结合表，Host和Application分别与HostToApp具有一对多的关系。创建多对多关系数据表方式一：自定义关系表
#=== models.py ===
from django.db import models

class Business(models.Model):
# id
caption = models.CharField(max_length=32)
code = models.CharField(max_length=32,null=True,default="SA")

class Host(models.Model):
nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
hostname = models.CharField(max_length=32,db_index=True)
ip = models.GenericIPAddressField(protocol="ipv4",db_index=True)
port = models.IntegerField()
b = models.ForeignKey(to="Business", to_field='id')

class Application(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)

class HostToApp(models.Model):
H = models.ForeignKey(to='Host',to_field='nid')
A = models.ForeignKey(to='Application',to_field='id')
　　# 可以自定义多个字段

方式二：自动创建关系表

from django.db import models
# Create your models here.

class Business(models.Model):
# id
caption = models.CharField(max_length=32)
code = models.CharField(max_length=32,null=True,default="SA")
fk = models.ForeignKey('Foo')

class Host(models.Model):
nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
hostname = models.CharField(max_length=32,db_index=True)
ip = models.GenericIPAddressField(protocol="ipv4",db_index=True)
port = models.IntegerField()
b = models.ForeignKey(to="Business", to_field='id')

class Application(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
r = models.ManyToManyField("Host")

# 用两个类创建了三张表 ，第三张表最多生成3个字段

自动创建的关系表无法直接对第三张表操作，但可以进行间接操作：obj = Application.objects.get(id=1)
# 操作name字段
obj.name
# 操作第三张表
obj.r.add(1) # 在第三张表中增加 id=1,nid=1
obj.r.add(2) # 在第三张表中增加 id=1,nid=2
obj.r.add(1,2) 或 obj.r.add(*[1,2]) # 同时增加多个关系
obj.r.remove(1)
obj.r.remove(1,2) 或 obj.r.remove(*[1,2]) # 同时删除多个关系
obj.r.clear() # 清除所有aid=1的关联
obj.r.set([3,5,7]) # 设置某几个关联，即update语句
obj.r.all() # QuerySet，所有相关的主机对象建议：两种方式都用
示例：添加应用程序#=== views.py ===
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect
from app01 import models
import json

# 基于action提交Form表单数据的处理
def app(request):
if request.method == "GET":
app_list = models.Application.objects.all()
# for row in app_list:
#     print(row.name,row.r.all())

host_list = models.Host.objects.all()
return render(request,'app.html',{"app_list": app_list,'host_list': host_list})
elif request.method == "POST":
app_name = request.POST.get('app_name')
host_list = request.POST.getlist('host_list')
print(app_name,host_list)

obj = models.Application.objects.create(name=app_name)
obj.r.add(*host_list)

return redirect('/app')
# 基于ajax提交的表单数据处理def ajax_add_app(request):
ret = {'status':True, 'error':None, 'data': None}

app_name = request.POST.get('app_name')
host_list = request.POST.getlist('host_list')
obj = models.Application.objects.create(name=app_name)
obj.r.add(*host_list)
return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret))



<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
<style>
.host-tag{
display: inline-block;
padding: 3px;
border: 1px solid red;
background-color: palevioletred;
}
.hide{
display: none;
}
.shade{
position: fixed;
top: 0;
right: 0;
left: 0;
bottom: 0;
background: black;
opacity: 0.6;
z-index: 100;
}
.add-modal,.edit-modal{
position: fixed;
height: 300px;
width: 400px;
top:100px;
left: 50%;
z-index: 101;
border: 1px solid red;
background: white;
margin-left: -200px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h1>应用列表</h1>
<div>
<input id="add_app" type="button" value="添加" />
</div>
<table border="1">
<thead>
<tr>
<td>应用名称</td>
<td>应用主机列表</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for app in app_list %}
<tr aid="{{ app.id }}">
<td>{{ app.name }}</td>
<!-- <td>{{ app.r.all }}</td> -->
<td>
{% for host in app.r.all %}
<span class="host-tag" hid="{{ host.nid }}"> {{ host.hostname }} </span>
{% endfor %}
</td>
<td>
<a class="edit">编辑</a>
</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>

<div class="shade hide"></div>
<div class="add-modal hide">
<form id="add_form" method="POST" action="/app">
<div class="group">
<input id="app_name" type="text" placeholder="应用名称" name="app_name" />
</div>
<div class="group">
<select id="host_list" name="host_list" multiple>
{% for op in host_list %}
<option value="{{ op.nid }}">{{ op.hostname }}</option>
{% endfor %}
</select>
</div>

<input type="submit" value="提交" />
<input id="add_submit_ajax" type="button" value="Ajax提交" />
</form>

</div>

<div class="edit-modal hide">
<form id="edit_form" method="POST" action="/host">
<input type="text" name="nid" style="display:none" />
<input type="text" placeholder="应用名称" name="app" />
<select name="host_list" multiple>
{% for op in host_list %}
<option value="{{ op.nid }}">{{ op.hostname }}</option>
{% endfor %}
</select>
<a id="ajax_submit_edit" >确认编辑</a>
</form>

</div>

<script src="/static/jquery-1.12.4.js"></script>
<script>
$(function(){

$('#add_app').click(function(){
$('.shade,.add-modal').removeClass('hide');
});

$('#cancel').click(function(){
$('.shade,.add-modal').addClass('hide');
});

$('#add_submit_ajax').click(function(){
$.ajax({
url: '/ajax_add_app',
// data: {'user': 123,'host_list': [1,2,3,4]},
data: $('#add_form').serialize(),
traditional: true,  // data: {'user': 123,'host_list': [1,2,3,4]}, 后台可以获取到列表
type: "POST",
dataType: 'JSON', //
success: function(obj){  // 此处不是字符串，返回一个对象
console.log(obj);
},
error: function () {
// 当后台发生未知错误时执行
}
})
});

$('.edit').click(function(){

$('.edit-modal,.shade').removeClass('hide');

var hid_list = [];
$(this).parent().prev().children().each(function(){
var hid = $(this).attr('hid');
hid_list.push(hid)  // 追加
});

$('#edit_form').find('select').val(hid_list);

/* 如果发送到后台
obj = models.Application.objects.get(id=ai)
obj.name = "新Name"
obj.save()

obj.r.set([1,2,3,4])
*/
})
})
</script>
</body>
</html>

添加编辑的两种应用场景
1、模态对话框： 当数据量比较大时不适合用
2、新URL：博客园添加博客不太会用，原文地址：bobo0609

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Django 之 ORM 一对多、多对多 及 ajax 操作

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Django 之 ORM 一对多、多对多及 ajax 操作