20.10-20.15 for循环20.11/20.12 while循环20.13 break跳出循

20.10 for循环

20.11/20.12 while循环

20.13 break跳出循环

20.14 continue结束本次循环

20.15 exit退出整个脚本

扩展

select用法 http://www.apelearn.com/bbs/thread-7950-1-1.html

20.10 for循环

语法：for 变量名 in 条件; do …; done

案例1

#!/bin/bash
sum=0
for i in `seq 1 100`
do
sum=$[$sum+$i]
echo $i
done
echo $sum

案列1

1+2+3..+100的和

来写这个脚本，先把1-100打印出来

[root@aming-01 shell]# vi for1.sh

#!/bin/bash
for i in

seq 1 100

do
echo $i
done

~
~
:wq[root@aming-01 shell]# vi for1.sh
[root@aming-01 shell]# sh for1.sh
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
[root@aming-01 shell]#

- 然后再做加法

[root@aming-01 shell]# vi for1.sh

#!/bin/bash
sum=0
for i in

seq 1 100

do
sum=$[$sum+$i]
done
echo $sum
~

:wq
[root@aming-01 shell]# vi for1.sh
[root@aming-01 shell]# sh -x for1.sh

sum=0
++ seq 1 100

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=1

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=3

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=6

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=10

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=15

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=21

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=28

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=36

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=45

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=55

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=66

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=78

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=91

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=105

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=120

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=136

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=153

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=171

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=190

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=210

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=231

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=253

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=276

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=300

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=325

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=351

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=378

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=406

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=435

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=465

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=496

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=528

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=561

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=595

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=630

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=666

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=703

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=741

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=780

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=820

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=861

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=903

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=946

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=990

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=1035

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=1081

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=1128

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=1176

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=1225

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=1275

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=1326

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=1378

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=1431

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=1485

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=1540

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=1596

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=1653

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=1711

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=1770

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=1830

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=1891

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=1953

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=2016

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=2080

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=2145

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=2211

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=2278

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=2346

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=2415

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=2485

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=2556

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=2628

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=2701

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=2775

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=2850

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=2926

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=3003

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=3081

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=3160

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=3240

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=3321

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=3403

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=3486

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=3570

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=3655

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=3741

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=3828

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=3916

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=4005

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=4095

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=4186

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=4278

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=4371

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=4465

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=4560

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=4656

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=4753

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=4851

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=4950

for i in '

seq 1 100

'

sum=5050

echo 5050
5050
[root@aming-01 shell]#

- 让每次的相加也显示出来

[root@aming-01 shell]# vi for1.sh

#!/bin/bash
sum=0
for i in

seq 1 100

do
echo "$sum + $i"
sum=$[$sum+$i]
echo $sum
done
echo $sum
~

~
:wq[root@aming-01 shell]# vi for1.sh
[root@aming-01 shell]# sh for1.sh
0 + 1
1
1 + 2
3
3 + 3
6
6 + 4
10
10 + 5
15
15 + 6
21
21 + 7
28
28 + 8
36
36 + 9
45
45 + 10
55
55 + 11
66
66 + 12
78
78 + 13
91
91 + 14
105
105 + 15
120
120 + 16
136
136 + 17
153
153 + 18
171
171 + 19
190
190 + 20
210
210 + 21
231
231 + 22
253
253 + 23
276
276 + 24
300
300 + 25
325
325 + 26
351
351 + 27
378
378 + 28
406
406 + 29
435
435 + 30
465
465 + 31
496
496 + 32
528
528 + 33
561
561 + 34
595
595 + 35
630
630 + 36
666
666 + 37
703
703 + 38
741
741 + 39
780
780 + 40
820
820 + 41
861
861 + 42
903
903 + 43
946
946 + 44
990
990 + 45
1035
1035 + 46
1081
1081 + 47
1128
1128 + 48
1176
1176 + 49
1225
1225 + 50
1275
1275 + 51
1326
1326 + 52
1378
1378 + 53
1431
1431 + 54
1485
1485 + 55
1540
1540 + 56
1596
1596 + 57
1653
1653 + 58
1711
1711 + 59
1770
1770 + 60
1830
1830 + 61
1891
1891 + 62
1953
1953 + 63
2016
2016 + 64
2080
2080 + 65
2145
2145 + 66
2211
2211 + 67
2278
2278 + 68
2346
2346 + 69
2415
2415 + 70
2485
2485 + 71
2556
2556 + 72
2628
2628 + 73
2701
2701 + 74
2775
2775 + 75
2850
2850 + 76
2926
2926 + 77
3003
3003 + 78
3081
3081 + 79
3160
3160 + 80
3240
3240 + 81
3321
3321 + 82
3403
3403 + 83
3486
3486 + 84
3570
3570 + 85
3655
3655 + 86
3741
3741 + 87
3828
3828 + 88
3916
3916 + 89
4005
4005 + 90
4095
4095 + 91
4186
4186 + 92
4278
4278 + 93
4371
4371 + 94
4465
4465 + 95
4560
4560 + 96
4656
4656 + 97
4753
4753 + 98
4851
4851 + 99
4950
4950 + 100
5050
5050
[root@aming-01 shell]#

- 其实大多是还是针对文件做循环
- 文件列表循环

#!/bin/bash
cd /etc/
for a in

ls /etc/

do
if [ -d $a ]
then
ls -d $a
fi
done

- 脚本必须进来这个目录才可以使用ls命令

[root@aming-01 shell]# ls /root/shell/
01.sh case.sh file1.sh file2.sh for1.sh if1.sh if2.sh if3.sh if4.sh
[root@aming-01 shell]# cd
[root@aming-01 ~]# ls /root/shell/
01.sh case.sh file1.sh file2.sh for1.sh if1.sh if2.sh if3.sh if4.sh
[root@aming-01 ~]# ls file1.sh
ls: 无法访问file1.sh: 没有那个文件或目录
[root@aming-01 ~]# cd /root/shell/
[root@aming-01 shell]# ls file1.sh
file1.sh
[root@aming-01 shell]#

- 文件列表循环

[root@aming-01 shell]# vim for2.sh

[1]+ 已停止 vim for2.sh

[root@aming-01 shell]# fg
vim for2.sh

#!/bin/bash
cd /etc/
for a in

ls /etc/

do
[ -d $a ] && ls $a
if [ -d $a ]
then
echo $a
ls $a
fi
done
~

~
:wq

- 来执行下,内容太多，省略了大部分

[root@aming-01 shell]# sh for2.sh
ld mta-aliasesman mta-newaliases mta-rmail zabbix-server
libnssckbi.so.x86_64 mta-mailq mta-newaliasesman mta-sendmail zabbix-web-font
mta mta-mailqman mta-pam mta-sendmailman
alternatives
ld mta-aliasesman mta-newaliases mta-rmail zabbix-server
libnssckbi.so.x86_64 mta-mailq mta-newaliasesman mta-sendmail zabbix-web-font
mta mta-mailqman mta-pam mta-sendmailman
audispd.conf plugins.d
audisp
audispd.conf plugins.d
auditd.conf audit.rules audit-stop.rules rules.d
audit
auditd.conf audit.rules audit-stop.rules rules.d
iprutils
bash_completion.d
iprutils
binfmt.d
chkconfig.d
0hourly
cron.d

...

pure-ftpd
xinetd.d
pure-ftpd
fssnap.d pluginconf.d protected.d vars version-groups.conf
yum
fssnap.d pluginconf.d protected.d vars version-groups.conf
CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Vault.repo zabbix.repo
CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-Media.repo epel.repo
CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Sources.repo epel-testing.repo
yum.repos.d
CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Vault.repo zabbix.repo
CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-Media.repo epel.repo
CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Sources.repo epel-testing.repo
web zabbix_agentd.conf zabbix_agentd.d zabbix_server.conf
zabbix
web zabbix_agentd.conf zabbix_agentd.d zabbix_server.conf
[root@aming-01 shell]#

- 还有一个知识点
- 这个for i in 最基本的语句 for i in `seq 1 3`; do echo $i; done 这是最常见常用的一种for循环
- 可以直接把它写成下面这个样子

[root@aming-01 shell]# for i in

seq 1 3

; do echo $i; done
1
2
3
[root@aming-01 shell]# seq 1 3
1
2
3
[root@aming-01 shell]# for i in 1 2 3; do echo $i; done
1
2
3

- 创建一个aming 目录

[root@aming-01 shell]# mkdir aming
[root@aming-01 shell]# cd aming/
[root@aming-01 aming]# ls
[root@aming-01 aming]# touch 1 2
[root@aming-01 aming]# touch 3\ 4.txt
[root@aming-01 aming]# ls
1 2 3 4.txt
[root@aming-01 aming]# ls 3
ls: 无法访问3: 没有那个文件或目录
[root@aming-01 aming]# ls -l
总用量 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 11月 22 21:33 1
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 11月 22 21:33 2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 11月 22 21:33 3 4.txt

[root@aming-01 aming]# for i in

ls ./

; do echo $i; done
1
2
3
4.txt
[root@aming-01 aming]#

- 这意味着for循环的时候 它会以空格或者回车作为分隔符
- for 循环，它对象，不管是空格 回车，它都作为一个分隔符

# 20.11 while循环（上）
- 语法 while 条件; do … ; done.
- 每个1分钟检查一下系统负载，当系统的负载大于10的时候，发一封邮件（很显然这是一个监控脚本）
- 案例1

#!/bin/bash
while : // : 表示死循环，或者1，或者 true都是死循环，都是可以的
do
load=

w|head -1|awk -F 'load average:  ' '{print $2}'|cut -d . -f1

if [ $load -gt 10 ]
then
/usr/local/sbin/mail.py xxx@qq.com "load is high: $load"
fi
sleep 30 //休眠30秒，因为检查系统负载，不需要一直去检查，过一会再看
done

- 新建一个脚本

[root@aming-01 aming]# vim while1.sh

#!/bin/bash
while :
do
load=

w|head -1|awk -F 'load average: ' '{print $2}'|cut -d. -f1

if [ $load -gt 10 ]
then
/usr/local/sbin/mail.py xxx@qq.com "load high" "$load"
fi
sleep 30
done

~

~
~
:wq

- 来把这个脚本拆分出来看下

[root@aming-01 aming]# vim while1.sh

[1]+ 已停止 vim while1.sh
[root@aming-01 aming]# fg
vim while1.sh

[1]+ 已停止 vim while1.sh
[root@aming-01 aming]# w|head -1|awk -F 'load average: ' '{print $2}'|cut -d. -f1
0
[root@aming-01 aming]# w
21:56:36 up 1:00, 2 users, load average: 0.17, 0.09, 0.07
USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT
root tty1 20:56 1:00m 0.01s 0.01s -bash
root pts/0 192.168.202.1 20:56 4.00s 0.17s 0.01s w
[root@aming-01 aming]# uptime
21:56:40 up 1:00, 2 users, load average: 0.23, 0.10, 0.07
[root@aming-01 aming]# uptime|awk -F 'load average:' '{print $2}'
0.08, 0.08, 0.07
[root@aming-01 aming]# uptime|awk -F 'load average:' '{print $2}'|cut -d. -f1
0
[root@aming-01 aming]# uptime|awk -F 'load average: ' '{print $2}'|cut -d. -f1
0
[root@aming-01 aming]# uptime|awk -F 'load average:' '{print $2}'|cut -d. -f1|sed 's/ //'
0
[root@aming-01 aming]#

- 脚本解释
- w //查看系统负载 ；
- uptime 可以直接显示 w 系统负载的第一行，就可以省去  head -1
- head -1   //取第一行
- awk -F 'load average:  ' '{print $2}'  // 以'load average:  '分隔，输出第二段
- cut -d . -f1  // 以  . 为分隔符 取第一段
- 然后来执行下命令

[root@aming-01 aming]# vim while1.sh
[root@aming-01 aming]# sh -x while1.sh

true
++ w
++ awk -F 'load average: ' '{print $2}'
++ cut -d . -f1
++ head -1

load=

'[' -gt 10 ']'
while1.sh: 第 5 行:[: -gt: 期待一元表达式

sleep 30

true
++ head -1
++ awk -F 'load average: ' '{print $2}'
++ w
++ cut -d . -f1

load=

'[' -gt 10 ']'
while1.sh: 第 5 行:[: -gt: 期待一元表达式

sleep 30
^C
[root@aming-01 aming]#

# 20.12 while循环（下)
- while循环案列2

[root@aming-01 aming]# vim while2.sh

#!/bin/bash
while :
do
read -p "Please input a number: " n
if [ -z "$n" ]
then
echo "you need input sth."
continue //continue 表示结束本次循环，忽略continue之下的代码，直接进行下一次循环
fi
n1=

echo $n|sed 's/[0-9]//g'

if [ -n "$n1" ]
then
echo "you just only input numbers."
continue
fi
break // 这表示符合需求，退出这个while循环
done
echo $n

~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
:wq

- 接下来执行下脚本
- 输入空格，提示继续输入数字
- 再次输入数字就 echo 数字

[root@aming-01 aming]# vim while2.sh
[root@aming-01 aming]# sh -x while2.sh

:

read -p 'Please input a number: ' n
Please input a number:

'[' -z '' ']'

echo 'you need input sth.'
you need input sth.

continue

:

read -p 'Please input a number: ' n
Please input a number: 2

'[' -z 2 ']'
++ echo 2
++ sed 's/[0-9]//g'

n1=

'[' -n '' ']'

break

echo 2
2
[root@aming-01 aming]#

20.13 break跳出循环

break 常用于循环语句中

跳出整个循环语句，直接结束所有循环

[root@aming-01 aming]# vim break.sh

#!/bin/bash
for i in

seq 1 5

do
echo $i
if [ $i -eq 3 ]
then
break
fi
echo $i
done
echo aaaaa
~

~
:wq

[root@aming-01 aming]# cat break.sh
#!/bin/bash
for i in

seq 1 5

do
echo $i
if [ $i -eq 3 ]
then
break
fi
echo $i
done
echo aaaaa
[root@aming-01 aming]#

- 那来执行下脚本break.sh

[root@aming-01 aming]# vim break.sh
[root@aming-01 aming]# sh -x break.sh
++ seq 1 5

for i in '

seq 1 5

'

echo 1
1

'[' 1 -eq 3 ']'

echo 1
1

for i in '

seq 1 5

'

echo 2
2

'[' 2 -eq 3 ']'

echo 2
2

for i in '

seq 1 5

'

echo 3
3

'[' 3 -eq 3 ']'

break

echo aaaaa
aaaaa
[root@aming-01 aming]#

[root@aming-01 aming]# sh break.sh
1
1
2
2
3
aaaaa
[root@aming-01 aming]#

# 20.14 continue结束本次循环
- continue 表示结束本次循环 ，忽略continue之下的代码，直接进行下一次循环

[root@aming-01 aming]# cp break.sh continue.sh
[root@aming-01 aming]# vi continue.sh

#!/bin/bash
for i in

seq 1 5

do
echo $i
if [ $i -eq 3 ]
then
continue //这里原来是break 改成 continue
fi
echo $i
done
echo aaaaa
~

~
:wq

- 再来执行这个continue.sh

[root@aming-01 aming]# vi continue.sh
[root@aming-01 aming]# sh continue.sh
1
1
2
2
3
4
4
5
5
aaaaa
[root@aming-01 aming]#

- 再看下break.sh 对比

[root@aming-01 aming]# sh break.sh
1
1
2
2
3
aaaaa
[root@aming-01 aming]#

# 20.15 exit退出整个脚本
- exit直接退出脚本

[root@aming-01 aming]# cp continue.sh exit.sh
[root@aming-01 aming]# vi exit.sh

#!/bin/bash
for i in

seq 1 5

do
echo $i
if [ $i -eq 3 ]
then
exit
fi
echo $i
done
echo aaaaa
~

~
:wq

- 来执行下exit.sh

[root@aming-01 aming]# vi exit.sh
[root@aming-01 aming]# sh exit.sh
1
1
2
2
3
[root@aming-01 aming]# sh break.sh
1
1
2
2
3
aaaaa
[root@aming-01 aming]#

- exit还可以定义后面的输出数字

[root@aming-01 aming]# sh exit.sh
1
1
2
2
3
[root@aming-01 aming]# echo $?
0

[root@aming-01 aming]# vi exit.sh

#!/bin/bash
for i in

seq 1 5

do
echo $i
if [ $i -eq 3 ]
then
exit 2
fi
echo $i
done
echo aaaaa

[root@aming-01 aming]# sh exit.sh
1
1
2
2
3
[root@aming-01 aming]# echo $?
2

### 扩展
-  shell中的select用法
- select也是循环的一种，它比较适合用在用户选择的情况下。
比如，我们有一个这样的需求，运行脚本后，让用户去选择数字，选择1，会运行w命令，选择2运行top命令，选择3运行free命令，选择4退出。脚本这样实现：

#!/bin/bash
echo "Please chose a number, 1: run w, 2: run top, 3: run free, 4: quit"
echo
select command in w top free quit
do
case $command in
w)
w
;;
top)
top
;;
free)
free
;;
quit)
exit
;;
*)
echo "Please input a number:(1-4)."
;;
esac
done

-  执行结果如下：

sh select.sh
Please chose a number, 1: run w, 2: run top, 3: run free, 4: quit

1) w
2) top
3) free
4) quit
#? 1
16:03:40 up 32 days, 2:42, 1 user, load average: 0.01, 0.08, 0.08
USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT
root pts/0 61.135.172.68 15:33 0.00s 0.02s 0.00s sh select.sh

#? 3
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 1020328 943736 76592 0 86840 263624
-/+ buffers/cache: 593272 427056
Swap: 2097144 44196 2052948
#?

- 我们发现，select会默认把序号对应的命令列出来，每次输入一个数字，则会执行相应的命令，命令执行完后并不会退出脚本。它还会继续让我们再次输如序号。序号前面的提示符，我们也是可以修改的，利用变量PS3即可，再次修改脚本如下：

#!/bin/bash
PS3="Please select a number: "
echo "Please chose a number, 1: run w, 2: run top, 3: run free, 4: quit"
echo
select command in w top free quit
do
case $command in
w)
w
;;
top)
top
;;
free)
free
;;
quit)
exit
;;
*)
echo "Please input a number:(1-4)."
esac
done

-  如果想要脚本每次输入一个序号后就自动退出，则需要再次更改脚本如下：

#!/bin/bash
PS3="Please select a number: "
echo "Please chose a number, 1: run w, 2: run top, 3: run free, 4: quit"
echo
select command in w top free quit
do
case $command in
w)
w;exit
;;
top)
top;exit
;;
free)
free;exit
;;
quit)
exit
;;
*)
echo "Please input a number:(1-4).";exit
esac
done