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如何在交互式shell脚本中创建对话框

2017-11-21 14:27 393 查看
当你在终端环境下安装新的软件时,你可以经常看到信息对话框弹出,需要你的输入。对话框的类型有密码箱,检查表,菜单,等等。他们可以引导你以一种直观的方式输入必要的信息,使用这样的用户友好的对话框的好处是显而易见的。如下图所示:





当你写一个交互式shell脚本,你可以使用这样的对话框来接受用户的输入。whiptail可以在shell脚本中创建基于终端的对话框,消息框的过程,类似于Zenity或xdialog GUI脚本代码。预先安装在所有的Linux发布版本中。

下面来看看whiptail的用法:


创建一个消息框

一个消息框中显示一个确认按钮继续任意的文本消息。

语法:

whiptail --title "<message box title>" --msgbox "<text to show>" <height> <width>

实例:

12#!/bin/bashwhiptail --title "Test Message Box" --msgbox "Create a message box with whiptail. Choose Ok to continue." 10 60


创建一个yes/no对话框

用户输入yes或no的对话框。语法:whiptail --title "<dialog box title>" --yesno "<text to show>" <height> <width>实例:

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#!/bin/bash

if
(whiptail
--title
"Test
Yes/No Box"
--yesno
"Choose
between Yes and No."
10
60)
then

echo
"You
chose Yes. Exit status was $?."

else

echo
"You
chose No. Exit status was $?."

fi





或者,你可以是“--yes-button”
,"--no-button"选项。

123456#!/bin/bashif (whiptail --title "Test Yes/No Box" --yes-button "Skittles" --no-button "M&M's" --yesno "Which do you like better?" 10 60) then echo "You chose Skittles Exit status was $?."else echo "You chose M&M's. Exit status was $?."fi


创建一个表单输入框

如果你想用户输入任意的文本,您可以使用一个输入框。语法:whiptail --title "<input box title>" --inputbox "<text to show>" <height> <width> <default-text>实例:

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#!/bin/bash

PET=$(whiptail
--title
"Test
Free-form Input Box"
--inputbox
"What
is your pet's name?"
10
60
Wigglebutt
3>&1
1>&2
2>&3)

exitstatus=$?

if
[
$exitstatus
=
0
];
then

echo
"Your
pet name is:"
$PET

else

echo
"You
chose Cancel."

fi





创建一个密码框

当用户需要输入敏感信息时密码框是有用的。

语法:

whiptail --title "<password box title>" --passwordbox "<text to show>" <height> <width>

实例:

123456789#!/bin/bashPASSWORD=$(whiptail --title "Test Password Box" --passwordbox "Enter your password and choose Ok to continue." 10 60 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3) exitstatus=$?if [ $exitstatus = 0 ]; then echo "Your password is:" $PASSWORDelse echo "You chose Cancel."fi


创建一个菜单栏

当你想让用户选择一个任意数量的选择中,你可以使用菜单框。语法:whiptail --title "<menu title>" --menu "<text to show>" <height> <width> <menu height> [ <tag> <item> ] . . .实例:

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#!/bin/bash

OPTION=$(whiptail
--title
"Test
Menu Dialog"
--menu
"Choose
your option"
15
60
4
\

"1"
"Grilled
Spicy Sausage"
\

"2"
"Grilled
Halloumi Cheese"
\

"3"
"Charcoaled
Chicken Wings"
\

"4"
"Fried
Aubergine" 3>&1
1>&2
2>&3)

exitstatus=$?

if
[
$exitstatus
=
0
];
then

echo
"Your
chosen option:"
$OPTION

else

echo
"You
chose Cancel."

fi





创建radiolist对话框

语法:

whiptail --title "<radiolist title>" --radiolist "<text to show>" <height> <width> <list height> [ <tag> <item> <status> ] . . .

实例:

1234567891011121314#!/bin/bashDISTROS=$(whiptail --title "Test Checklist Dialog" --radiolist \"What is the Linux distro of your choice?" 15 60 4 \"debian" "Venerable Debian" ON \"ubuntu" "Popular Ubuntu" OFF \"centos" "Stable CentOS" OFF \"mint" "Rising Star Mint" OFF 3>&1 1>&2 2>&3) exitstatus=$?if [ $exitstatus = 0 ]; then echo "The chosen distro is:" $DISTROSelse echo "You chose Cancel."fi


创建一个表对话框

当你想让用户选择一个列表中选择多个选项的清单对话框是有用的,radiolist对话框,只允许选择一个。语法:whiptail --title "<checklist title>" --checklist "<text to show>" <height> <width> <list height> [ <tag> <item> <status> ] . . .实例:

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#!/bin/bash

DISTROS=$(whiptail
--title
"Test
Checklist Dialog"
--checklist
\

"Choose
preferred Linux distros"
15
60
4
\

"debian"
"Venerable
Debian"
ON
\

"ubuntu"
"Popular
Ubuntu"
OFF
\

"centos"
"Stable
CentOS"
ON
\

"mint"
"Rising
Star Mint"
OFF
3>&1
1>&2
2>&3)

exitstatus=$?

if
[
$exitstatus
=
0
];
then

echo
"Your
favorite distros are:"
$DISTROS

else

echo
"You
chose Cancel."

fi





创建一个进度条

进度条是一个用户友好的对话框。whiptail从标准输入读取一个百分数(0~100),显示一个表内相应的计数。

语法:

whiptail --gauge "<test to show>" <height> <width> <inital percent>

实例:

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#!/bin/bash

{

for
((i
=
0
;
i
<=
100
;
i+=20));
do

sleep
1

echo
$i

done

}
|
whiptail
--gauge
"Please
wait while installing"
6
60
0





哈哈,是多么容易在交互式shell脚本创建有用的对话框了吧。下次需要写一个交互式的shell脚本,试着用whiptail哈。
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标签:  shell 对话框 脚本