Linux磁盘管理
2017-11-07 00:00
127 查看
摘要: 四周第一次课(11月6日)
物理分区==>物理卷==>卷组==>逻辑卷
准备磁盘分区
fdisk /dev/sdb
n创建三个新分区,分别1G
t改变分区类型为8e
操作
准备物理卷
pvcreate,pvcreate /dev/sdb1报错,需要运行partprobe即可
再pvcreate /dev/sdb1报错,因为sdb已经挂载,需要卸载
完成之后运行pvs或者pvdisplay都可以查看
创建物理卷:vgcreate vg1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2
vgremove删除卷组命令
创建逻辑卷 lvcreate -L 100M -n lv1 vg1,参数-L指定大小,-n命名;
lvs或者lvdisplay查看
格式化mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg1/liyang
挂载到mnt下,mount /dev/vg1/liyang /mnt/
扩容逻辑卷,先umount /mnt/
执行lvresize -L 200M /dev/vg1/liyang
检测磁盘错误:e2fsck -f /dev/vg1/liyang
更新逻辑卷信息:resize2fs /dev/vg1/lv1
再挂载到mnt下
以上操作都是针对ext4
缩容逻辑卷(此方法xfs不支持)
先umount
e2fsck -f /dev/vg1/liyang检查磁盘错误(ext)
resize2fs /dev/vg1/liyang 100M更新逻辑卷信息(ext)
resize -L 100M /dev/vg1/lv1重新设置卷大小
xfs扩容缩容
先卸载/mnt/
重新格式化mkfs.xfs -f /dev/vg1/liyang
挂载(xfs扩容不需要卸载)
扩容,lvresize -L 300M /dev/vg1/liyang
xfs_growfs /dev/vg1/liyang 更新扩容
挂载(xfs扩容不需要卸载)
扩容,lvresize -L 300M /dev/vg1/liyang
xfs_growfs /dev/vg1/liyang 更新扩容
扩展卷组,逻辑卷消耗结束后需要个卷组扩容;
fdisk /dev/sdb 新增/dev/sdb5(逻辑分区8e)2G
pvcreate /dev/sdb5
xgextend vg1 /dev/sdb5
lvresize -L 100M /dev/vg1/lv1 重新设置卷大小
分析:磁盘挂载问题;
输入root密码进入,vi/etc/fatab
把最后一行注释掉或者删除(前面加#注释,dd删除整行),保存退出;重启即可;
4.10、LVM讲解(上)
LVM有一定的局限性;数据恢复困难物理分区==>物理卷==>卷组==>逻辑卷
准备磁盘分区
fdisk /dev/sdb
n创建三个新分区,分别1G
t改变分区类型为8e
操作
1. [root@centos7-01 ~]# fdisk -l 2. 磁盘 /dev/sdb:10.7 GB, 10737418240 字节,20971520 个扇区 3. Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 4. 扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节 5. I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节 6. 磁盘 /dev/sda:32.2 GB, 32212254720 字节,62914560 个扇区 7. Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 8. 扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节 9. I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节 10. 磁盘标签类型:dos 11. 磁盘标识符:0x000ee6f4 12. 设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System 13. /dev/sda1 * 2048 411647 204800 83 Linux 14. /dev/sda2 411648 62914559 31251456 8e Linux LVM 15. 磁盘 /dev/mapper/cl-root:29.9 GB, 29850861568 字节,58302464 个扇区 16. Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 17. 扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节 18. I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节 19. 磁盘 /dev/mapper/cl-swap:2147 MB, 2147483648 字节,4194304 个扇区 20. Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 21. 扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节 22. I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节 23. [root@centos7-01 ~]# 24. [root@centos7-01 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb 25. 欢迎使用 fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2)。 26. 更改将停留在内存中,直到您决定将更改写入磁盘。 27. 使用写入命令前请三思。 28. Device does not contain a recognized partition table 29. 使用磁盘标识符 0xc29f4c6d 创建新的 DOS 磁盘标签。 30. 命令(输入 m 获取帮助):p 31. 磁盘 /dev/sdb:10.7 GB, 10737418240 字节,20971520 个扇区 32. Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 33. 扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节 34. I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节 35. 磁盘标签类型:dos 36. 磁盘标识符:0xc29f4c6d 37. 设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System 38. 命令(输入 m 获取帮助):m 39. 命令操作 40. a toggle a bootable flag 41. b edit bsd disklabel 42. c toggle the dos compatibility flag 43. d delete a partition 44. g create a new empty GPT partition table 45. G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table 46. l list known partition types 47. m print this menu 48. n add a new partition 49. o create a new empty DOS partition table 50. p print the partition table 51. q quit without saving changes 52. s create a new empty Sun disklabel 53. t change a partition's system id 54. u change display/entry units 55. v verify the partition table 56. w write table to disk and exit 57. x extra functionality (experts only) 58. 命令(输入 m 获取帮助):p 59. 磁盘 /dev/sdb:10.7 GB, 10737418240 字节,20971520 个扇区 60. Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 61. 扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节 62. I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节 63. 磁盘标签类型:dos 64. 磁盘标识符:0xc29f4c6d 65. 设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System 66. 命令(输入 m 获取帮助):n 67. Partition type: 68. p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) 69. e extended 70. Select (default p): p 71. 分区号 (1-4,默认 1): 72. 起始 扇区 (2048-20971519,默认为 2048): 73. 将使用默认值 2048 74. Last 扇区, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (2048-20971519,默认为 20971519):+1G 75. 分区 1 已设置为 Linux 类型,大小设为 1 GiB 76. 命令(输入 m 获取帮助):t 77. 已选择分区 1 78. Hex 代码(输入 L 列出所有代码):8e 79. 已将分区“Linux”的类型更改为“Linux LVM” 80. 命令(输入 m 获取帮助):p 81. 磁盘 /dev/sdb:10.7 GB, 10737418240 字节,20971520 个扇区 82. Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 83. 扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节 84. I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节 85. 磁盘标签类型:dos 86. 磁盘标识符:0xc29f4c6d 87. 设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System 88. /dev/sdb1 2048 2099199 1048576 8e Linux LVM 89. 命令(输入 m 获取帮助):n 90. Partition type: 91. p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free) 92. e extended 93. Select (default p): p 94. 分区号 (2-4,默认 2): 95. 起始 扇区 (2099200-20971519,默认为 2099200): 96. 将使用默认值 2099200 97. Last 扇区, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (2099200-20971519,默认为 20971519):+1G 98. 分区 2 已设置为 Linux 类型,大小设为 1 GiB 99. 命令(输入 m 获取帮助):t 100. 分区号 (1,2,默认 2):8e 101. 分区号 (1,2,默认 2):2 102. Hex 代码(输入 L 列出所有代码):8e 103. 已将分区“Linux”的类型更改为“Linux LVM” 104. 命令(输入 m 获取帮助):p 105. 磁盘 /dev/sdb:10.7 GB, 10737418240 字节,20971520 个扇区 106. Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 107. 扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节 108. I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节 109. 磁盘标签类型:dos 110. 磁盘标识符:0xc29f4c6d 111. 设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System 112. /dev/sdb1 2048 2099199 1048576 8e Linux LVM 113. /dev/sdb2 2099200 4196351 1048576 8e Linux LVM 114. 命令(输入 m 获取帮助):n 115. Partition type: 116. p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free) 117. e extended 118. Select (default p): p 119. 分区号 (3,4,默认 3): 120. 起始 扇区 (4196352-20971519,默认为 4196352): 121. 将使用默认值 4196352 122. Last 扇区, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (4196352-20971519,默认为 20971519):+1G 123. 分区 3 已设置为 Linux 类型,大小设为 1 GiB 124. 命令(输入 m 获取帮助):t 125. 分区号 (1-3,默认 3):3 126. Hex 代码(输入 L 列出所有代码):8e 127. 已将分区“Linux”的类型更改为“Linux LVM” 128. 命令(输入 m 获取帮助):p 129. 磁盘 /dev/sdb:10.7 GB, 10737418240 字节,20971520 个扇区 130. Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 131. 扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节 132. I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节 133. 磁盘标签类型:dos 134. 磁盘标识符:0xc29f4c6d 135. 设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System 136. /dev/sdb1 2048 2099199 1048576 8e Linux LVM 137. /dev/sdb2 2099200 4196351 1048576 8e Linux LVM 138. /dev/sdb3 4196352 6293503 1048576 8e Linux LVM 139. 命令(输入 m 获取帮助):p 140. 磁盘 /dev/sdb:10.7 GB, 10737418240 字节,20971520 个扇区 141. Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 142. 扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节 143. I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节 144. 磁盘标签类型:dos 145. 磁盘标识符:0xc29f4c6d 146. 设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System 147. /dev/sdb1 2048 2099199 1048576 8e Linux LVM 148. /dev/sdb2 2099200 4196351 1048576 8e Linux LVM 149. /dev/sdb3 4196352 6293503 1048576 8e Linux LVM 150. 命令(输入 m 获取帮助):w 151. The partition table has been altered! 152. Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. 153. WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: 设备或资源忙. 154. The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at 155. the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8) 156. 正在同步磁盘。 157. [root@centos7-01 ~]# fdisk -l 158. 磁盘 /dev/sdb:10.7 GB, 10737418240 字节,20971520 个扇区 159. Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 160. 扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节 161. I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节 162. 磁盘标签类型:dos 163. 磁盘标识符:0xc29f4c6d 164. 设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System 165. /dev/sdb1 2048 2099199 1048576 8e Linux LVM 166. /dev/sdb2 2099200 4196351 1048576 8e Linux LVM 167. /dev/sdb3 4196352 6293503 1048576 8e Linux LVM 168. 磁盘 /dev/sda:32.2 GB, 32212254720 字节,62914560 个扇区 169. Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 170. 扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节 171. I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节 172. 磁盘标签类型:dos 173. 磁盘标识符:0x000ee6f4 174. 设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System 175. /dev/sda1 * 2048 411647 204800 83 Linux 176. /dev/sda2 411648 62914559 31251456 8e Linux LVM 177. 磁盘 /dev/mapper/cl-root:29.9 GB, 29850861568 字节,58302464 个扇区 178. Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 179. 扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节 180. I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节 181. 磁盘 /dev/mapper/cl-swap:2147 MB, 2147483648 字节,4194304 个扇区 182. Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 183. 扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节 184. I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
准备物理卷
pvcreate,pvcreate /dev/sdb1报错,需要运行partprobe即可
1. [root@centos7-01 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1 2. Device /dev/sdb1 not found (or ignored by filtering)
1. [root@centos7-01 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1 2. Device /dev/sdb1 not found (or ignored by filtering). 3. [root@centos7-01 ~]# partprobe 4. [root@centos7-01 ~]# ls /dev/sdb1 5. /dev/sdb1
再pvcreate /dev/sdb1报错,因为sdb已经挂载,需要卸载
完成之后运行pvs或者pvdisplay都可以查看
1. [root@centos7-01 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1 2. Can't open /dev/sdb1 exclusively. Mounted filesystem? 3. [root@centos7-01 ~]# umount /mnt/ 4. [root@centos7-01 ~]# !p 5. pvcreate /dev/sdb1 6. WARNING: ext4 signature detected on /dev/sdb1 at offset 1080. Wipe it? [y/n]: y 7. Wiping ext4 signature on /dev/sdb1. 8. Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created. 9. [root@centos7-01 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb2 10. Physical volume "/dev/sdb2" successfully created. 11. [root@centos7-01 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb3 12. Physical volume "/dev/sdb3" successfully created. 13. [root@centos7-01 ~]# pvs 14. PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree 15. /dev/sda2 cl lvm2 a-- 29.80g 0 16. /dev/sdb1 lvm2 --- 1.00g 1.00g 17. /dev/sdb2 lvm2 --- 1.00g 1.00g 18. /dev/sdb3 lvm2 --- 1.00g 1.00g 19. [root@centos7-01 ~]# pvdisplay 20. --- Physical volume --- 21. PV Name /dev/sda2 22. VG Name cl 23. PV Size 29.80 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB 24. Allocatable yes (but full) 25. PE Size 4.00 MiB 26. Total PE 7629 27. Free PE 0 28. Allocated PE 7629 29. PV UUID Rpf1Lw-oScG-iE7T-Y3S1-nGUD-UK17-s6kDL4 30. 31. "/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "1.00 GiB" 32. --- NEW Physical volume --- 33. PV Name /dev/sdb1 34. VG Name 35. PV Size 1.00 GiB 36. Allocatable NO 37. PE Size 0 38. Total PE 0 39. Free PE 0 40. Allocated PE 0 41. PV UUID YnoAOr-1fRJ-iS4Q-tvXq-T61M-RKky-r1kx4O 42. 43. "/dev/sdb3" is a new physical volume of "1.00 GiB" 44. --- NEW Physical volume --- 45. PV Name /dev/sdb3 46. VG Name 47. PV Size 1.00 GiB 48. Allocatable NO 49. PE Size 0 50. Total PE 0 51. Free PE 0 52. Allocated PE 0 53. PV UUID f6dIQj-OckU-6xlW-2Sgu-zOKt-uer1-HtRCxb 54. 55. "/dev/sdb2" is a new physical volume of "1.00 GiB" 56. --- NEW Physical volume --- 57. PV Name /dev/sdb2 58. VG Name 59. PV Size 1.00 GiB 60. Allocatable NO 61. PE Size 0 62. Total PE 0 63. Free PE 0 64. Allocated PE 0 65. PV UUID TI7uxv-Evmj-usxp-NorV-92jm-M03k-JAPcY0
4.11、LVM讲解(中)
创建卷组,查看物理卷命令:pvs或者pvdisplay创建物理卷:vgcreate vg1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2
1. [root@centos7-01 ~]# vgcreate vg1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2 2. Volume group "vg1" successfully created 3. [root@centos7-01 ~]# vgs 4. VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree 5. cl 1 2 0 wz--n- 29.80g 0 6. vg1 2 0 0 wz--n- 1.99g 1.99g 7. [root@centos7-01 ~]# vgdisplay 8. --- Volume group --- 9. VG Name vg1 10. System ID 11. Format lvm2 12. Metadata Areas 2 13. Metadata Sequence No 1 14. VG Access read/write 15. VG Status resizable 16. MAX LV 0 17. Cur LV 0 18. Open LV 0 19. Max PV 0 20. Cur PV 2 21. Act PV 2 22. VG Size 1.99 GiB 23. PE Size 4.00 MiB 24. Total PE 510 25. Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0 26. Free PE / Size 510 / 1.99 GiB 27. VG UUID g7uLO2-oGi2-a8KL-SUlh-ifA2-XbwZ-Kay33W 28. 29. --- Volume group --- 30. VG Name cl 31. System ID 32. Format lvm2 33. Metadata Areas 1 34. Metadata Sequence No 3 35. VG Access read/write 36. VG Status resizable 37. MAX LV 0 38. Cur LV 2 39. Open LV 2 40. Max PV 0 41. Cur PV 1 42. Act PV 1 43. VG Size 29.80 GiB 44. PE Size 4.00 MiB 45. Total PE 7629 46. Alloc PE / Size 7629 / 29.80 GiB 47. Free PE / Size 0 / 0 48. VG UUID XI5UeN-2odJ-QNE2-I1lw-ymDK-ECG2-fesvl2
vgremove删除卷组命令
创建逻辑卷 lvcreate -L 100M -n lv1 vg1,参数-L指定大小,-n命名;
lvs或者lvdisplay查看
1. [root@centos7-01 ~]# lvcreate -L 100M -n liyang vg1 2. Logical volume "liyang" created. 3. [root@centos7-01 ~]# lvs 4. LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert 5. root cl -wi-ao---- 27.80g 6. swap cl -wi-ao---- 2.00g 7. liyang vg1 -wi-a----- 100.00m 8. [root@centos7-01 ~]# lvdisplay 9. --- Logical volume --- 10. LV Path /dev/vg1/liyang 11. LV Name liyang 12. VG Name vg1 13. LV UUID dksWSS-xFrp-NNGU-xCrd-FnN0-n0op-0gySKr 14. LV Write Access read/write 15. LV Creation host, time centos7-01, 2017-11-07 09:07:16 +0800 16. LV Status available 17. # open 0 18. LV Size 100.00 MiB 19. Current LE 25 20. Segments 1 21. Allocation inherit 22. Read ahead sectors auto 23. - currently set to 8192 24. Block device 253:2 25. 26. --- Logical volume --- 27. LV Path /dev/cl/swap 28. LV Name swap 29. VG Name cl 30. LV UUID fpBmdc-ZTaT-RIH7-4QcF-0K1T-P4SA-nLAXDs 31. LV Write Access read/write 32. LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2017-10-16 22:44:36 +0800 33. LV Status available 34. # open 2 35. LV Size 2.00 GiB 36. Current LE 512 37. Segments 1 38. Allocation inherit 39. Read ahead sectors auto 40. - currently set to 8192 41. Block device 253:1 42. 43. --- Logical volume --- 44. LV Path /dev/cl/root 45. LV Name root 46. VG Name cl 47. LV UUID pGdTnm-3Hgq-6Efq-zosa-2gK5-wsmA-6m2AvO 48. LV Write Access read/write 49. LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2017-10-16 22:44:36 +0800 50. LV Status available 51. # open 1 52. LV Size 27.80 GiB 53. Current LE 7117 54. Segments 1 55. Allocation inherit 56. Read ahead sectors auto 57. - currently set to 8192 58. Block device 253:0
格式化mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg1/liyang
1. [root@centos7-01 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg1/liyang 2. mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) 3. 文件系统标签= 4. OS type: Linux 5. 块大小=1024 (log=0) 6. 分块大小=1024 (log=0) 7. Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 8. 25688 inodes, 102400 blocks 9. 5120 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user 10. 第一个数据块=1 11. Maximum filesystem blocks=33685504 12. 13 block groups 13. 8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group 14. 1976 inodes per group 15. Superblock backups stored on blocks: 16. 8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729 17. Allocating group tables: 完成 18. 正在写入inode表: 完成 19. Creating journal (4096 blocks): 完成 20. Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
挂载到mnt下,mount /dev/vg1/liyang /mnt/
1. [root@centos7-01 ~]# mount /dev/vg1/liyang /mnt/ 2. [root@centos7-01 ~]# df -h 3. 文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点 4. /dev/mapper/cl-root 28G 1.2G 27G 5% / 5. devtmpfs 478M 0 478M 0% /dev 6. tmpfs 489M 0 489M 0% /dev/shm 7. tmpfs 489M 6.8M 482M 2% /run 8. tmpfs 489M 0 489M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup 9. /dev/sda1 197M 117M 81M 60% /boot 10. tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0 11. /dev/mapper/vg1-liyang 93M 1.6M 85M 2% /mnt 12. [root@centos7-01 ~]# ls -l /dev/vg1/liyang 13. lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 11月 7 09:09 /dev/vg1/liyang -> ../dm-2
扩容逻辑卷,先umount /mnt/
执行lvresize -L 200M /dev/vg1/liyang
检测磁盘错误:e2fsck -f /dev/vg1/liyang
更新逻辑卷信息:resize2fs /dev/vg1/lv1
再挂载到mnt下
以上操作都是针对ext4
1. [root@centos7-01 ~]# umount /mnt/ 2. [root@centos7-01 ~]# lvresize -L 200M /dev/vg1/liyang 3. Size of logical volume vg1/liyang changed from 100.00 MiB (25 extents) to 200.00 MiB (50 extents). 4. Logical volume vg1/liyang successfully resized. 5. [root@centos7-01 ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/vg1/liyang 6. e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) 7. 第一步: 检查inode,块,和大小 8. 第二步: 检查目录结构 9. 第3步: 检查目录连接性 10. Pass 4: Checking reference counts 11. 第5步: 检查簇概要信息 12. /dev/vg1/liyang: 13/25688 files (7.7% non-contiguous), 8899/102400 blocks 13. [root@centos7-01 ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg1/liyang 14. resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) 15. Resizing the filesystem on /dev/vg1/liyang to 204800 (1k) blocks. 16. The filesystem on /dev/vg1/liyang is now 204800 blocks long. 17. [root@centos7-01 ~]# mount /dev/vg1/liyang /mnt/ 18. [root@centos7-01 ~]# df -h 19. 文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点 20. /dev/mapper/cl-root 28G 1.2G 27G 5% / 21. devtmpfs 478M 0 478M 0% /dev 22. tmpfs 489M 0 489M 0% /dev/shm 23. tmpfs 489M 6.8M 482M 2% /run 24. tmpfs 489M 0 489M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup 25. /dev/sda1 197M 117M 81M 60% /boot 26. tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0 27. /dev/mapper/vg1-liyang 190M 1.6M 175M 1% /mnt
缩容逻辑卷(此方法xfs不支持)
先umount
e2fsck -f /dev/vg1/liyang检查磁盘错误(ext)
resize2fs /dev/vg1/liyang 100M更新逻辑卷信息(ext)
resize -L 100M /dev/vg1/lv1重新设置卷大小
1. [root@centos7-01 ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/vg1/liyang 2. e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) 3. 第一步: 检查inode,块,和大小 4. 第二步: 检查目录结构 5. 第3步: 检查目录连接性 6. Pass 4: Checking reference counts 7. 第5步: 检查簇概要信息 8. /dev/vg1/liyang: 13/49400 files (7.7% non-contiguous), 11887/204800 blocks 9. [root@centos7-01 ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg1/liyang 100M 10. resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) 11. Resizing the filesystem on /dev/vg1/liyang to 102400 (1k) blocks. 12. The filesystem on /dev/vg1/liyang is now 102400 blocks long. 13. [root@centos7-01 ~]# lvresize -L 100M /dev/vg1/liyang 14. WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 100.00 MiB. 15. THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.) 16. Do you really want to reduce vg1/liyang? [y/n]: y 17. Size of logical volume vg1/liyang changed from 200.00 MiB (50 extents) to 100.00 MiB (25 extents). 18. Logical volume vg1/liyang successfully resized. 19. [root@centos7-01 ~]# mount /dev/vg1/liyang /mnt/ 20. [root@centos7-01 ~]# lvs 21. LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert 22. root cl -wi-ao---- 27.80g 23. swap cl -wi-ao---- 2.00g 24. liyang vg1 -wi-ao---- 100.00m
xfs扩容缩容
先卸载/mnt/
重新格式化mkfs.xfs -f /dev/vg1/liyang
挂载(xfs扩容不需要卸载)
扩容,lvresize -L 300M /dev/vg1/liyang
xfs_growfs /dev/vg1/liyang 更新扩容
1. [root@centos7-01 ~]# !umount 2. umount /mnt/ 3. [root@centos7-01 ~]# mkfs.xfs -f /dev/vg1/liyang 4. meta-data=/dev/vg1/liyang isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=6400 blks 5. = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 6. = crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0 7. data = bsize=4096 blocks=25600, imaxpct=25 8. = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks 9. naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1 10. log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=855, version=2 11. = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 12. realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0 13. [root@centos7-01 ~]# !mount 14. mount /dev/vg1/liyang /mnt/ 15. [root@centos7-01 ~]# lvresize -L 310M /dev/vg1/liyang 16. Rounding size to boundary between physical extents: 312.00 MiB. 17. Size of logical volume vg1/liyang changed from 100.00 MiB (25 extents) to 312.00 MiB (78 extents). 18. Logical volume vg1/liyang successfully resized. 19. [root@centos7-01 ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/vg1/liyang 20. meta-data=/dev/mapper/vg1-liyang isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=6400 blks 21. = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 22. = crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0 23. data = bsize=4096 blocks=25600, imaxpct=25 24. = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks 25. naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1 26. log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=855, version=2 27. = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 28. realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0 29. data blocks changed from 25600 to 79872 30. [root@centos7-01 ~]# df -h 31. 文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点 32. /dev/mapper/cl-root 28G 1.2G 27G 5% / 33. devtmpfs 478M 0 478M 0% /dev 34. tmpfs 489M 0 489M 0% /dev/shm 35. tmpfs 489M 6.7M 482M 2% /run 36. tmpfs 489M 0 489M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup 37. /dev/sda1 197M 117M 81M 60% /boot 38. tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0 39. /dev/mapper/vg1-liyang 309M 5.5M 304M 2% /mnt
4.12、LVM讲解(下)
重新格式化mkfs.xfs -f /dev/vg1/liyang挂载(xfs扩容不需要卸载)
扩容,lvresize -L 300M /dev/vg1/liyang
xfs_growfs /dev/vg1/liyang 更新扩容
扩展卷组,逻辑卷消耗结束后需要个卷组扩容;
fdisk /dev/sdb 新增/dev/sdb5(逻辑分区8e)2G
pvcreate /dev/sdb5
xgextend vg1 /dev/sdb5
lvresize -L 100M /dev/vg1/lv1 重新设置卷大小
1. [root@centos7-01 ~]# vgextend vg1 /dev/sdb3 2. Volume group "vg1" successfully extended 3. [root@centos7-01 ~]# lvresize -L 500M /dev/vg1/liyang 4. Size of logical volume vg1/liyang changed from 312.00 MiB (78 extents) to 500.00 MiB (125 extents). 5. Logical volume vg1/liyang successfully resized. 6. [root@centos7-01 ~]# vgs 7. VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree 8. cl 1 2 0 wz--n- 29.80g 0 9. vg1 3 1 0 wz--n- 2.99g 2.50g 10. [root@centos7-01 ~]# vgdisplay 11. --- Volume group --- 12. VG Name cl 13. System ID 14. Format lvm2 15. Metadata Areas 1 16. Metadata Sequence No 3 17. VG Access read/write 18. VG Status resizable 19. MAX LV 0 20. Cur LV 2 21. Open LV 2 22. Max PV 0 23. Cur PV 1 24. Act PV 1 25. VG Size 29.80 GiB 26. PE Size 4.00 MiB 27. Total PE 7629 28. Alloc PE / Size 7629 / 29.80 GiB 29. Free PE / Size 0 / 0 30. VG UUID XI5UeN-2odJ-QNE2-I1lw-ymDK-ECG2-fesvl2 31. 32. --- Volume group --- 33. VG Name vg1 34. System ID 35. Format lvm2 36. Metadata Areas 3 37. Metadata Sequence No 7 38. VG Access read/write 39. VG Status resizable 40. MAX LV 0 41. Cur LV 1 42. Open LV 1 43. Max PV 0 44. Cur PV 3 45. Act PV 3 46. VG Size 2.99 GiB 47. PE Size 4.00 MiB 48. Total PE 765 49. Alloc PE / Size 125 / 500.00 MiB 50. Free PE / Size 640 / 2.50 GiB 51. VG UUID BlMKNZ-KBxm-u2Zp-Xq6Z-94qt-yIeG-am7Seh 52. [root@centos7-01 ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/vg1/liyang 53. meta-data=/dev/mapper/vg1-liyang isize=512 agcount=13, agsize=6400 blks 54. = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 55. = crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0 56. data = bsize=4096 blocks=79872, imaxpct=25 57. = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks 58. naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1 59. log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=855, version=2 60. = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 61. realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0 62. data blocks changed from 79872 to 128000 63. [root@centos7-01 ~]# df -h 64. 文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点 65. /dev/mapper/cl-root 28G 1.2G 27G 5% / 66. devtmpfs 478M 0 478M 0% /dev 67. tmpfs 489M 0 489M 0% /dev/shm 68. tmpfs 489M 6.7M 482M 2% /run 69. tmpfs 489M 0 489M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup 70. /dev/sda1 197M 117M 81M 60% /boot 71. tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0 72. /dev/mapper/vg1-liyang 497M 5.7M 491M 2% /mnt
4.13、磁盘故障小案例
问题:etc/fstab下面添加配置后,重启进入不了系统;分析:磁盘挂载问题;
输入root密码进入,vi/etc/fatab
1. # /etc/fstab 2. # Created by anaconda on Mon Oct 16 22:44:37 2017 3. # 4. # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' 5. # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info 6. # 7. /dev/mapper/cl-root / xfs defaults 0 0 8. UUID=4c1ae631-2b19-464d-b226-1da717f58b96 /boot xfs defaults 0 0 9. /dev/mapper/cl-swap swap swap defaults 0 0 10. /dev/sdb /mnt xfs defaults 0 0
把最后一行注释掉或者删除(前面加#注释,dd删除整行),保存退出;重启即可;
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