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Linux磁盘管理

2017-11-07 00:00 127 查看
摘要: 四周第一次课(11月6日)

4.10、LVM讲解(上)

LVM有一定的局限性;数据恢复困难

物理分区==>物理卷==>卷组==>逻辑卷

准备磁盘分区

fdisk /dev/sdb

n创建三个新分区,分别1G

t改变分区类型为8e

操作

1. [root@centos7-01 ~]# fdisk -l
2. 磁盘 /dev/sdb:10.7 GB, 10737418240 字节,20971520 个扇区
3. Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
4. 扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
5. I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
6. 磁盘 /dev/sda:32.2 GB, 32212254720 字节,62914560 个扇区
7. Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
8. 扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
9. I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
10. 磁盘标签类型:dos
11. 磁盘标识符:0x000ee6f4
12.    设备 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
13. /dev/sda1   *        2048      411647      204800   83  Linux
14. /dev/sda2          411648    62914559    31251456   8e  Linux LVM
15. 磁盘 /dev/mapper/cl-root:29.9 GB, 29850861568 字节,58302464 个扇区
16. Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
17. 扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
18. I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
19. 磁盘 /dev/mapper/cl-swap:2147 MB, 2147483648 字节,4194304 个扇区
20. Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
21. 扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
22. I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
23. [root@centos7-01 ~]#
24. [root@centos7-01 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
25. 欢迎使用 fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2)。
26. 更改将停留在内存中,直到您决定将更改写入磁盘。
27. 使用写入命令前请三思。
28. Device does not contain a recognized partition table
29. 使用磁盘标识符 0xc29f4c6d 创建新的 DOS 磁盘标签。
30. 命令(输入 m 获取帮助):p
31. 磁盘 /dev/sdb:10.7 GB, 10737418240 字节,20971520 个扇区
32. Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
33. 扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
34. I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
35. 磁盘标签类型:dos
36. 磁盘标识符:0xc29f4c6d
37.    设备 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
38. 命令(输入 m 获取帮助):m
39. 命令操作
40.    a   toggle a bootable flag
41.    b   edit bsd disklabel
42.    c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
43.    d   delete a partition
44.    g   create a new empty GPT partition table
45.    G   create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
46.    l   list known partition types
47.    m   print this menu
48.    n   add a new partition
49.    o   create a new empty DOS partition table
50.    p   print the partition table
51.    q   quit without saving changes
52.    s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
53.    t   change a partition's system id
54.    u   change display/entry units
55.    v   verify the partition table
56.    w   write table to disk and exit
57.    x   extra functionality (experts only)
58. 命令(输入 m 获取帮助):p
59. 磁盘 /dev/sdb:10.7 GB, 10737418240 字节,20971520 个扇区
60. Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
61. 扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
62. I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
63. 磁盘标签类型:dos
64. 磁盘标识符:0xc29f4c6d
65.    设备 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
66. 命令(输入 m 获取帮助):n
67. Partition type:
68.    p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
69.    e   extended
70. Select (default p): p
71. 分区号 (1-4,默认 1):
72. 起始 扇区 (2048-20971519,默认为 2048):
73. 将使用默认值 2048
74. Last 扇区, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (2048-20971519,默认为 20971519):+1G
75. 分区 1 已设置为 Linux 类型,大小设为 1 GiB
76. 命令(输入 m 获取帮助):t
77. 已选择分区 1
78. Hex 代码(输入 L 列出所有代码):8e
79. 已将分区“Linux”的类型更改为“Linux LVM”
80. 命令(输入 m 获取帮助):p
81. 磁盘 /dev/sdb:10.7 GB, 10737418240 字节,20971520 个扇区
82. Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
83. 扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
84. I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
85. 磁盘标签类型:dos
86. 磁盘标识符:0xc29f4c6d
87.    设备 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
88. /dev/sdb1            2048     2099199     1048576   8e  Linux LVM
89. 命令(输入 m 获取帮助):n
90. Partition type:
91.    p   primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
92.    e   extended
93. Select (default p): p
94. 分区号 (2-4,默认 2):
95. 起始 扇区 (2099200-20971519,默认为 2099200):
96. 将使用默认值 2099200
97. Last 扇区, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (2099200-20971519,默认为 20971519):+1G
98. 分区 2 已设置为 Linux 类型,大小设为 1 GiB
99. 命令(输入 m 获取帮助):t
100. 分区号 (1,2,默认 2):8e
101. 分区号 (1,2,默认 2):2
102. Hex 代码(输入 L 列出所有代码):8e
103. 已将分区“Linux”的类型更改为“Linux LVM”
104. 命令(输入 m 获取帮助):p
105. 磁盘 /dev/sdb:10.7 GB, 10737418240 字节,20971520 个扇区
106. Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
107. 扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
108. I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
109. 磁盘标签类型:dos
110. 磁盘标识符:0xc29f4c6d
111.    设备 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
112. /dev/sdb1            2048     2099199     1048576   8e  Linux LVM
113. /dev/sdb2         2099200     4196351     1048576   8e  Linux LVM
114. 命令(输入 m 获取帮助):n
115. Partition type:
116.    p   primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
117.    e   extended
118. Select (default p): p
119. 分区号 (3,4,默认 3):
120. 起始 扇区 (4196352-20971519,默认为 4196352):
121. 将使用默认值 4196352
122. Last 扇区, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (4196352-20971519,默认为 20971519):+1G
123. 分区 3 已设置为 Linux 类型,大小设为 1 GiB
124. 命令(输入 m 获取帮助):t
125. 分区号 (1-3,默认 3):3
126. Hex 代码(输入 L 列出所有代码):8e
127. 已将分区“Linux”的类型更改为“Linux LVM”
128. 命令(输入 m 获取帮助):p
129. 磁盘 /dev/sdb:10.7 GB, 10737418240 字节,20971520 个扇区
130. Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
131. 扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
132. I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
133. 磁盘标签类型:dos
134. 磁盘标识符:0xc29f4c6d
135.    设备 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
136. /dev/sdb1            2048     2099199     1048576   8e  Linux LVM
137. /dev/sdb2         2099200     4196351     1048576   8e  Linux LVM
138. /dev/sdb3         4196352     6293503     1048576   8e  Linux LVM
139. 命令(输入 m 获取帮助):p
140. 磁盘 /dev/sdb:10.7 GB, 10737418240 字节,20971520 个扇区
141. Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
142. 扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
143. I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
144. 磁盘标签类型:dos
145. 磁盘标识符:0xc29f4c6d
146.    设备 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
147. /dev/sdb1            2048     2099199     1048576   8e  Linux LVM
148. /dev/sdb2         2099200     4196351     1048576   8e  Linux LVM
149. /dev/sdb3         4196352     6293503     1048576   8e  Linux LVM
150. 命令(输入 m 获取帮助):w
151. The partition table has been altered!
152. Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
153. WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: 设备或资源忙.
154. The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
155. the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
156. 正在同步磁盘。
157. [root@centos7-01 ~]# fdisk -l
158. 磁盘 /dev/sdb:10.7 GB, 10737418240 字节,20971520 个扇区
159. Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
160. 扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
161. I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
162. 磁盘标签类型:dos
163. 磁盘标识符:0xc29f4c6d
164.    设备 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
165. /dev/sdb1            2048     2099199     1048576   8e  Linux LVM
166. /dev/sdb2         2099200     4196351     1048576   8e  Linux LVM
167. /dev/sdb3         4196352     6293503     1048576   8e  Linux LVM
168. 磁盘 /dev/sda:32.2 GB, 32212254720 字节,62914560 个扇区
169. Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
170. 扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
171. I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
172. 磁盘标签类型:dos
173. 磁盘标识符:0x000ee6f4
174.    设备 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
175. /dev/sda1   *        2048      411647      204800   83  Linux
176. /dev/sda2          411648    62914559    31251456   8e  Linux LVM
177. 磁盘 /dev/mapper/cl-root:29.9 GB, 29850861568 字节,58302464 个扇区
178. Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
179. 扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
180. I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节
181. 磁盘 /dev/mapper/cl-swap:2147 MB, 2147483648 字节,4194304 个扇区
182. Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
183. 扇区大小(逻辑/物理):512 字节 / 512 字节
184. I/O 大小(最小/最佳):512 字节 / 512 字节


准备物理卷

pvcreate,pvcreate /dev/sdb1报错,需要运行partprobe即可

1. [root@centos7-01 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
2.   Device /dev/sdb1 not found (or ignored by filtering)

1. [root@centos7-01 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
2.   Device /dev/sdb1 not found (or ignored by filtering).
3. [root@centos7-01 ~]# partprobe
4. [root@centos7-01 ~]# ls /dev/sdb1
5. /dev/sdb1


再pvcreate /dev/sdb1报错,因为sdb已经挂载,需要卸载

完成之后运行pvs或者pvdisplay都可以查看

1. [root@centos7-01 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
2.   Can't open /dev/sdb1 exclusively.  Mounted filesystem?
3. [root@centos7-01 ~]# umount /mnt/
4. [root@centos7-01 ~]# !p
5. pvcreate /dev/sdb1
6. WARNING: ext4 signature detected on /dev/sdb1 at offset 1080. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
7.   Wiping ext4 signature on /dev/sdb1.
8.   Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.
9. [root@centos7-01 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb2
10.   Physical volume "/dev/sdb2" successfully created.
11. [root@centos7-01 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb3
12.   Physical volume "/dev/sdb3" successfully created.
13. [root@centos7-01 ~]# pvs
14.   PV         VG Fmt  Attr PSize  PFree
15.   /dev/sda2  cl lvm2 a--  29.80g    0
16.   /dev/sdb1     lvm2 ---   1.00g 1.00g
17.   /dev/sdb2     lvm2 ---   1.00g 1.00g
18.   /dev/sdb3     lvm2 ---   1.00g 1.00g
19. [root@centos7-01 ~]# pvdisplay
20.   --- Physical volume ---
21.   PV Name               /dev/sda2
22.   VG Name               cl
23.   PV Size               29.80 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
24.   Allocatable           yes (but full)
25.   PE Size               4.00 MiB
26.   Total PE              7629
27.   Free PE               0
28.   Allocated PE          7629
29.   PV UUID               Rpf1Lw-oScG-iE7T-Y3S1-nGUD-UK17-s6kDL4
30.
31.   "/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "1.00 GiB"
32.   --- NEW Physical volume ---
33.   PV Name               /dev/sdb1
34.   VG Name
35.   PV Size               1.00 GiB
36.   Allocatable           NO
37.   PE Size               0
38.   Total PE              0
39.   Free PE               0
40.   Allocated PE          0
41.   PV UUID               YnoAOr-1fRJ-iS4Q-tvXq-T61M-RKky-r1kx4O
42.
43.   "/dev/sdb3" is a new physical volume of "1.00 GiB"
44.   --- NEW Physical volume ---
45.   PV Name               /dev/sdb3
46.   VG Name
47.   PV Size               1.00 GiB
48.   Allocatable           NO
49.   PE Size               0
50.   Total PE              0
51.   Free PE               0
52.   Allocated PE          0
53.   PV UUID               f6dIQj-OckU-6xlW-2Sgu-zOKt-uer1-HtRCxb
54.
55.   "/dev/sdb2" is a new physical volume of "1.00 GiB"
56.   --- NEW Physical volume ---
57.   PV Name               /dev/sdb2
58.   VG Name
59.   PV Size               1.00 GiB
60.   Allocatable           NO
61.   PE Size               0
62.   Total PE              0
63.   Free PE               0
64.   Allocated PE          0
65.   PV UUID               TI7uxv-Evmj-usxp-NorV-92jm-M03k-JAPcY0

4.11、LVM讲解(中)

创建卷组,查看物理卷命令:pvs或者pvdisplay

创建物理卷:vgcreate vg1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2

1. [root@centos7-01 ~]# vgcreate vg1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2
2.   Volume group "vg1" successfully created
3. [root@centos7-01 ~]# vgs
4.   VG  #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize  VFree
5.   cl    1   2   0 wz--n- 29.80g    0
6.   vg1   2   0   0 wz--n-  1.99g 1.99g
7. [root@centos7-01 ~]# vgdisplay
8.   --- Volume group ---
9.   VG Name               vg1
10.   System ID
11.   Format                lvm2
12.   Metadata Areas        2
13.   Metadata Sequence No  1
14.   VG Access             read/write
15.   VG Status             resizable
16.   MAX LV                0
17.   Cur LV                0
18.   Open LV               0
19.   Max PV                0
20.   Cur PV                2
21.   Act PV                2
22.   VG Size               1.99 GiB
23.   PE Size               4.00 MiB
24.   Total PE              510
25.   Alloc PE / Size       0 / 0
26.   Free  PE / Size       510 / 1.99 GiB
27.   VG UUID               g7uLO2-oGi2-a8KL-SUlh-ifA2-XbwZ-Kay33W
28.
29.   --- Volume group ---
30.   VG Name               cl
31.   System ID
32.   Format                lvm2
33.   Metadata Areas        1
34.   Metadata Sequence No  3
35.   VG Access             read/write
36.   VG Status             resizable
37.   MAX LV                0
38.   Cur LV                2
39.   Open LV               2
40.   Max PV                0
41.   Cur PV                1
42.   Act PV                1
43.   VG Size               29.80 GiB
44.   PE Size               4.00 MiB
45.   Total PE              7629
46.   Alloc PE / Size       7629 / 29.80 GiB
47.   Free  PE / Size       0 / 0
48.   VG UUID               XI5UeN-2odJ-QNE2-I1lw-ymDK-ECG2-fesvl2


vgremove删除卷组命令

创建逻辑卷 lvcreate -L 100M -n lv1 vg1,参数-L指定大小,-n命名;

lvs或者lvdisplay查看

1. [root@centos7-01 ~]# lvcreate -L 100M -n liyang vg1
2.   Logical volume "liyang" created.
3. [root@centos7-01 ~]# lvs
4.   LV     VG  Attr       LSize   Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
5.   root   cl  -wi-ao----  27.80g
6.   swap   cl  -wi-ao----   2.00g
7.   liyang vg1 -wi-a----- 100.00m
8. [root@centos7-01 ~]# lvdisplay
9.   --- Logical volume ---
10.   LV Path                /dev/vg1/liyang
11.   LV Name                liyang
12.   VG Name                vg1
13.   LV UUID                dksWSS-xFrp-NNGU-xCrd-FnN0-n0op-0gySKr
14.   LV Write Access        read/write
15.   LV Creation host, time centos7-01, 2017-11-07 09:07:16 +0800
16.   LV Status              available
17.   # open                 0
18.   LV Size                100.00 MiB
19.   Current LE             25
20.   Segments               1
21.   Allocation             inherit
22.   Read ahead sectors     auto
23.   - currently set to     8192
24.   Block device           253:2
25.
26.   --- Logical volume ---
27.   LV Path                /dev/cl/swap
28.   LV Name                swap
29.   VG Name                cl
30.   LV UUID                fpBmdc-ZTaT-RIH7-4QcF-0K1T-P4SA-nLAXDs
31.   LV Write Access        read/write
32.   LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2017-10-16 22:44:36 +0800
33.   LV Status              available
34.   # open                 2
35.   LV Size                2.00 GiB
36.   Current LE             512
37.   Segments               1
38.   Allocation             inherit
39.   Read ahead sectors     auto
40.   - currently set to     8192
41.   Block device           253:1
42.
43.   --- Logical volume ---
44.   LV Path                /dev/cl/root
45.   LV Name                root
46.   VG Name                cl
47.   LV UUID                pGdTnm-3Hgq-6Efq-zosa-2gK5-wsmA-6m2AvO
48.   LV Write Access        read/write
49.   LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2017-10-16 22:44:36 +0800
50.   LV Status              available
51.   # open                 1
52.   LV Size                27.80 GiB
53.   Current LE             7117
54.   Segments               1
55.   Allocation             inherit
56.   Read ahead sectors     auto
57.   - currently set to     8192
58.   Block device           253:0


格式化mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg1/liyang

1. [root@centos7-01 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg1/liyang
2. mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
3. 文件系统标签=
4. OS type: Linux
5. 块大小=1024 (log=0)
6. 分块大小=1024 (log=0)
7. Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
8. 25688 inodes, 102400 blocks
9. 5120 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
10. 第一个数据块=1
11. Maximum filesystem blocks=33685504
12. 13 block groups
13. 8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
14. 1976 inodes per group
15. Superblock backups stored on blocks:
16.     8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729
17. Allocating group tables: 完成
18. 正在写入inode表: 完成
19. Creating journal (4096 blocks): 完成
20. Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成


挂载到mnt下,mount /dev/vg1/liyang /mnt/

1. [root@centos7-01 ~]# mount /dev/vg1/liyang /mnt/
2. [root@centos7-01 ~]# df -h
3. 文件系统                容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
4. /dev/mapper/cl-root      28G  1.2G   27G    5% /
5. devtmpfs                478M     0  478M    0% /dev
6. tmpfs                   489M     0  489M    0% /dev/shm
7. tmpfs                   489M  6.8M  482M    2% /run
8. tmpfs                   489M     0  489M    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
9. /dev/sda1               197M  117M   81M   60% /boot
10. tmpfs                    98M     0   98M    0% /run/user/0
11. /dev/mapper/vg1-liyang   93M  1.6M   85M    2% /mnt
12. [root@centos7-01 ~]# ls -l /dev/vg1/liyang
13. lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 11月  7 09:09 /dev/vg1/liyang -> ../dm-2


扩容逻辑卷,先umount /mnt/

执行lvresize -L 200M /dev/vg1/liyang

检测磁盘错误:e2fsck -f /dev/vg1/liyang

更新逻辑卷信息:resize2fs /dev/vg1/lv1

再挂载到mnt下

以上操作都是针对ext4

1. [root@centos7-01 ~]# umount /mnt/
2. [root@centos7-01 ~]# lvresize -L 200M /dev/vg1/liyang
3.   Size of logical volume vg1/liyang changed from 100.00 MiB (25 extents) to 200.00 MiB (50 extents).
4.   Logical volume vg1/liyang successfully resized.
5. [root@centos7-01 ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/vg1/liyang
6. e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
7. 第一步: 检查inode,块,和大小
8. 第二步: 检查目录结构
9. 第3步: 检查目录连接性
10. Pass 4: Checking reference counts
11. 第5步: 检查簇概要信息
12. /dev/vg1/liyang: 13/25688 files (7.7% non-contiguous), 8899/102400 blocks
13. [root@centos7-01 ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg1/liyang
14. resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
15. Resizing the filesystem on /dev/vg1/liyang to 204800 (1k) blocks.
16. The filesystem on /dev/vg1/liyang is now 204800 blocks long.
17. [root@centos7-01 ~]# mount /dev/vg1/liyang /mnt/
18. [root@centos7-01 ~]# df -h
19. 文件系统                容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
20. /dev/mapper/cl-root      28G  1.2G   27G    5% /
21. devtmpfs                478M     0  478M    0% /dev
22. tmpfs                   489M     0  489M    0% /dev/shm
23. tmpfs                   489M  6.8M  482M    2% /run
24. tmpfs                   489M     0  489M    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
25. /dev/sda1               197M  117M   81M   60% /boot
26. tmpfs                    98M     0   98M    0% /run/user/0
27. /dev/mapper/vg1-liyang  190M  1.6M  175M    1% /mnt


缩容逻辑卷(此方法xfs不支持)

先umount

e2fsck -f /dev/vg1/liyang检查磁盘错误(ext)

resize2fs /dev/vg1/liyang 100M更新逻辑卷信息(ext)

resize -L 100M /dev/vg1/lv1重新设置卷大小

1. [root@centos7-01 ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/vg1/liyang
2. e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
3. 第一步: 检查inode,块,和大小
4. 第二步: 检查目录结构
5. 第3步: 检查目录连接性
6. Pass 4: Checking reference counts
7. 第5步: 检查簇概要信息
8. /dev/vg1/liyang: 13/49400 files (7.7% non-contiguous), 11887/204800 blocks
9. [root@centos7-01 ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg1/liyang 100M
10. resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
11. Resizing the filesystem on /dev/vg1/liyang to 102400 (1k) blocks.
12. The filesystem on /dev/vg1/liyang is now 102400 blocks long.
13. [root@centos7-01 ~]# lvresize -L 100M /dev/vg1/liyang
14.   WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 100.00 MiB.
15.   THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
16. Do you really want to reduce vg1/liyang? [y/n]: y
17.   Size of logical volume vg1/liyang changed from 200.00 MiB (50 extents) to 100.00 MiB (25 extents).
18.   Logical volume vg1/liyang successfully resized.
19. [root@centos7-01 ~]# mount /dev/vg1/liyang /mnt/
20. [root@centos7-01 ~]# lvs
21.   LV     VG  Attr       LSize   Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
22.   root   cl  -wi-ao----  27.80g
23.   swap   cl  -wi-ao----   2.00g
24.   liyang vg1 -wi-ao---- 100.00m


xfs扩容缩容

先卸载/mnt/

重新格式化mkfs.xfs -f /dev/vg1/liyang

挂载(xfs扩容不需要卸载)

扩容,lvresize -L 300M /dev/vg1/liyang

xfs_growfs /dev/vg1/liyang 更新扩容

1. [root@centos7-01 ~]# !umount
2. umount /mnt/
3. [root@centos7-01 ~]# mkfs.xfs -f /dev/vg1/liyang
4. meta-data=/dev/vg1/liyang        isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=6400 blks
5.          =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
6.          =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
7. data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=25600, imaxpct=25
8.          =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
9. naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
10. log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=855, version=2
11.          =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
12. realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
13. [root@centos7-01 ~]# !mount
14. mount /dev/vg1/liyang /mnt/
15. [root@centos7-01 ~]# lvresize -L 310M /dev/vg1/liyang
16.   Rounding size to boundary between physical extents: 312.00 MiB.
17.   Size of logical volume vg1/liyang changed from 100.00 MiB (25 extents) to 312.00 MiB (78 extents).
18.   Logical volume vg1/liyang successfully resized.
19. [root@centos7-01 ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/vg1/liyang
20. meta-data=/dev/mapper/vg1-liyang isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=6400 blks
21.          =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
22.          =                       crc=1        finobt=0 spinodes=0
23. data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=25600, imaxpct=25
24.          =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
25. naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
26. log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=855, version=2
27.          =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
28. realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
29. data blocks changed from 25600 to 79872
30. [root@centos7-01 ~]# df -h
31. 文件系统                容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
32. /dev/mapper/cl-root      28G  1.2G   27G    5% /
33. devtmpfs                478M     0  478M    0% /dev
34. tmpfs                   489M     0  489M    0% /dev/shm
35. tmpfs                   489M  6.7M  482M    2% /run
36. tmpfs                   489M     0  489M    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
37. /dev/sda1               197M  117M   81M   60% /boot
38. tmpfs                    98M     0   98M    0% /run/user/0
39. /dev/mapper/vg1-liyang  309M  5.5M  304M    2% /mnt

4.12、LVM讲解(下)

重新格式化mkfs.xfs -f /dev/vg1/liyang

挂载(xfs扩容不需要卸载)

扩容,lvresize -L 300M /dev/vg1/liyang

xfs_growfs /dev/vg1/liyang 更新扩容

扩展卷组,逻辑卷消耗结束后需要个卷组扩容;

fdisk /dev/sdb 新增/dev/sdb5(逻辑分区8e)2G

pvcreate /dev/sdb5

xgextend vg1 /dev/sdb5

lvresize -L 100M /dev/vg1/lv1 重新设置卷大小

1. [root@centos7-01 ~]# vgextend vg1 /dev/sdb3
2.   Volume group "vg1" successfully extended
3. [root@centos7-01 ~]# lvresize -L 500M /dev/vg1/liyang
4.   Size of logical volume vg1/liyang changed from 312.00 MiB (78 extents) to 500.00 MiB (125 extents).
5.   Logical volume vg1/liyang successfully resized.
6. [root@centos7-01 ~]# vgs
7.   VG  #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize  VFree
8.   cl    1   2   0 wz--n- 29.80g    0
9.   vg1   3   1   0 wz--n-  2.99g 2.50g
10. [root@centos7-01 ~]# vgdisplay
11.   --- Volume group ---
12.   VG Name               cl
13.   System ID
14.   Format                lvm2
15.   Metadata Areas        1
16.   Metadata Sequence No  3
17.   VG Access             read/write
18.   VG Status             resizable
19.   MAX LV                0
20.   Cur LV                2
21.   Open LV               2
22.   Max PV                0
23.   Cur PV                1
24.   Act PV                1
25.   VG Size               29.80 GiB
26.   PE Size               4.00 MiB
27.   Total PE              7629
28.   Alloc PE / Size       7629 / 29.80 GiB
29.   Free  PE / Size       0 / 0
30.   VG UUID               XI5UeN-2odJ-QNE2-I1lw-ymDK-ECG2-fesvl2
31.
32.   --- Volume group ---
33.   VG Name               vg1
34.   System ID
35.   Format                lvm2
36.   Metadata Areas        3
37.   Metadata Sequence No  7
38.   VG Access             read/write
39.   VG Status             resizable
40.   MAX LV                0
41.   Cur LV                1
42.   Open LV               1
43.   Max PV                0
44.   Cur PV                3
45.   Act PV                3
46.   VG Size               2.99 GiB
47.   PE Size               4.00 MiB
48.   Total PE              765
49.   Alloc PE / Size       125 / 500.00 MiB
50.   Free  PE / Size       640 / 2.50 GiB
51.   VG UUID               BlMKNZ-KBxm-u2Zp-Xq6Z-94qt-yIeG-am7Seh
52. [root@centos7-01 ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/vg1/liyang
53. meta-data=/dev/mapper/vg1-liyang isize=512    agcount=13, agsize=6400 blks
54.          =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
55.          =                       crc=1        finobt=0 spinodes=0
56. data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=79872, imaxpct=25
57.          =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
58. naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
59. log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=855, version=2
60.          =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
61. realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
62. data blocks changed from 79872 to 128000
63. [root@centos7-01 ~]# df -h
64. 文件系统                容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
65. /dev/mapper/cl-root      28G  1.2G   27G    5% /
66. devtmpfs                478M     0  478M    0% /dev
67. tmpfs                   489M     0  489M    0% /dev/shm
68. tmpfs                   489M  6.7M  482M    2% /run
69. tmpfs                   489M     0  489M    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
70. /dev/sda1               197M  117M   81M   60% /boot
71. tmpfs                    98M     0   98M    0% /run/user/0
72. /dev/mapper/vg1-liyang  497M  5.7M  491M    2% /mnt

4.13、磁盘故障小案例

问题:etc/fstab下面添加配置后,重启进入不了系统;

分析:磁盘挂载问题;

输入root密码进入,vi/etc/fatab

1. # /etc/fstab
2. # Created by anaconda on Mon Oct 16 22:44:37 2017
3. #
4. # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
5. # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
6. #
7. /dev/mapper/cl-root     /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
8. UUID=4c1ae631-2b19-464d-b226-1da717f58b96 /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
9. /dev/mapper/cl-swap     swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
10. /dev/sdb                /mnt                    xfs     defaults        0 0


把最后一行注释掉或者删除(前面加#注释,dd删除整行),保存退出;重启即可;
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