shiro 简介
2017-11-02 00:42
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近日,在微软亚洲研究院与哈工大共同举办的第十九届“二十一世纪的计算”国际学术研讨会上, Peter Lee 博士作为微软全球资深副总裁, 也来到了现场。AI科技大本营非常有幸采访到这位微软研究院的核心领导之一。对话中,Peter Lee透露了很多信息。谈到微软在 AI 研究和 AI 产业化方面布局这个问题时,他表示微软对新技术、新机会非常重视,投入得非常多,微软现在领先 20 年。简介
1、Apache Shiro 是Java 的一个安全(权限)框架2、Shiro 可以非常容易的开发出足够好的应用,其不仅可以用在JavaSE环境,也可以用JavaEE环境。
3、Shiro可以完成:认证、授权、加密、会话管理、与Web 集成、缓存等。
4、下载:http://shiro.apache.org/
功能介绍
基本功能点如下图所示:• Authentication:身份认证/登录,验证用户是不是拥有相应的身份;
• Authorization:授权,即权限验证,验证某个已认证的用户是否拥有某个权限;即判断用户是否能进行什么操作,如:验证某个用户是否拥有某个角色。或者细粒度的验证某个用户对某个资源是否具有某个权限;
• Session Manager:会话管理,即用户登录后就是一次会话,在没有退出之前,它的所有信息都在会话中;会话可以是普通 JavaSE 环境,也可以是 Web 环境的;
• Cryptography:加密,保护数据的安全性,如密码加密存储到数据库,而不是明文存储;
• Web Support:Web 支持,可以非常容易的集成到Web 环境;
• Caching:缓存,比如用户登录后,其用户信息、拥有的角色/权限不必每次去查,这样可以提高效率;
• Concurrency:Shiro 支持多线程应用的并发验证,即如在一个线程中开启另一个线程,能把权限自动传播过去;
• Testing:提供测试支持;
• Run As:允许一个用户假装为另一个用户(如果他们允许)的身份进行访问;
• Remember Me:记住我,这个是非常常见的功能,即一次登录后,下次再来的话不用登录了
Shrio架构(shiro外部来看)
从外部来看Shiro,即从应用程序角度的来观察如何使Shiro完成工作:• Subject:应用代码直接交互的对象是 Subject,也就是说 Shiro 的对外API 核心就是 Subject。Subject 代表了当前“用户”, 这个用户不一定是一个具体的人,与当前应用交互的任何东西都是 Subject,如网络爬虫,机器人等;与 Subject 的所有交互都会委托给 SecurityManager;Subject 其实是一个门面,SecurityManager 才是实际的执行者;
• SecurityManager:安全管理器;即所有与安全有关的操作都会与SecurityManager 交互;且其管理着所有 Subject;可以看出它是 Shiro 的核心,它负责与 Shiro 的其他组件进行交互,它相当于 SpringMVC 中DispatcherServlet 的角色
• Realm:Shiro 从 Realm 获取安全数据(如用户、角色、权限),就是说SecurityManager 要验证用户身份,那么它需要从 Realm 获取相应的用户进行比较以确定用户身份是否合法;也需要从 Realm 得到用户相应的角色/ 权限进行验证用户是否能进行操作;可以把 Realm 看成 DataSource
Shrio架构(shiro内部来看)
• Subject:任何可以与应用交互的“用户”;
• SecurityManager :相当于SpringMVC 中的 DispatcherServlet;是 Shiro 的心脏;所有具体的交互都通过 SecurityManager 进行控制;它管理着所有 Subject、且负责进行认证、授权、会话及缓存的管理。
• Authenticator:负责 Subject 认证,是一个扩展点,可以自定义实现;可以使用认证策略(Authentication Strategy),即什么情况下算用户认证通过了;
• Authorizer:授权器、即访问控制器,用来决定主体是否有权限进行相应的操作;即控制着用户能访问应用中的哪些功能;
• Realm:可以有 1 个或多个 Realm,可以认为是安全实体数据源,即用于获取安全实体的;可以是JDBC 实现,也可以是内存实现等等;由用户提供;所以一般在应用中都需要实现自己的 Realm;
• SessionManager:管理 Session 生命周期的组件;而 Shiro 并不仅仅可以用在 Web 环境,也可以用在如普通的 JavaSE 环境
• CacheManager:缓存控制器,来管理如用户、角色、权限等的缓存的;因为这些数据基本上很少改变,放到缓存中后可以提高访问的性能
• Cryptography:密码模块,Shiro 提高了一些常见的加密组件用于如密码加密/解密。
Shiro—HelloWorld
这个 HelloWorld 是在shiro官方参考文档拿出来的log4j.properties
log4j.rootLogger=INFO, stdout log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m %n # General Apache libraries log4j.logger.org.apache=WARN # Spring log4j.logger.org.springframework=WARN # Default Shiro logging log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro=TRACE # Disable verbose logging log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro.util.ThreadContext=WARN log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro.cache.ehcache.EhCache=WARN
shiro.imi
# # Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one # or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file # distributed with this work for additional information # regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file # to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the # "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance # with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, # software distributed under the License is distributed on an # "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY # KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the # specific language governing permissions and limitations # under the License. # # ============================================================================= # Quickstart INI Realm configuration # # For those that might not understand the references in this file, the # definitions are all based on the classic Mel Brooks' film "Spaceballs". ;) # ============================================================================= # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Users and their assigned roles # # Each line conforms to the format defined in the # org.apache.shiro.realm.text.TextConfigurationRealm#setUserDefinitions JavaDoc # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- [users] # user 'root' with password 'secret' and the 'admin' role root = secret, admin # user 'guest' with the password 'guest' and the 'guest' role guest = guest, guest # user 'presidentskroob' with password '12345' ("That's the same combination on # my luggage!!!" ;)), and role 'president' presidentskroob = 12345, president # user 'darkhelmet' with password 'ludicrousspeed' and roles 'darklord' and 'schwartz' darkhelmet = ludicrousspeed, darklord, schwartz # user 'lonestarr' with password 'vespa' and roles 'goodguy' and 'schwartz' lonestarr = vespa, goodguy, schwartz # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Roles with assigned permissions # # Each line conforms to the format defined in the # org.apache.shiro.realm.text.TextConfigurationRealm#setRoleDefinitions JavaDoc # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- [roles] # 'admin' role has all permissions, indicated by the wildcard '*' admin = * # The 'schwartz' role can do anything (*) with any lightsaber: schwartz = lightsaber:* # The 'goodguy' role is allowed to 'delete' (action) the user (type) with # license plate 'zhangsan' (instance specific id) goodguy = user:delete:zhangsan
Quickstart.java
package co ead2 m.atguigu.shiro.helloworld; import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils; import org.apache.shiro.authc.*; import org.apache.shiro.config.IniSecurityManagerFactory; import org.apache.shiro.mgt.SecurityManager; import org.apache.shiro.session.Session; import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject; import org.apache.shiro.util.Factory; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; /** * Simple Quickstart application showing how to use Shiro's API. * * @since 0.9 RC2 */ public class Quickstart { private static final transient Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Quickstart.class); public static void main(String[] args) { // The easiest way to create a Shiro SecurityManager with configured // realms, users, roles and permissions is to use the simple INI config. // We'll do that by using a factory that can ingest a .ini file and // return a SecurityManager instance: // Use the shiro.ini file at the root of the classpath // (file: and url: prefixes load from files and urls respectively): Factory<SecurityManager> factory = new IniSecurityManagerFactory("classpath:shiro.ini"); SecurityManager securityManager = factory.getInstance(); // for this simple example quickstart, make the SecurityManager // accessible as a JVM singleton. Most applications wouldn't do this // and instead rely on their container configuration or web.xml for // webapps. That is outside the scope of this simple quickstart, so // we'll just do the bare minimum so you can continue to get a feel // for things. SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(securityManager); // Now that a simple Shiro environment is set up, let's see what you can do: // get the currently executing user: // 获取当前的 Subject. 调用 SecurityUtils.getSubject(); Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject(); // Do some stuff with a Session (no need for a web or EJB container!!!) // 测试使用 Session // 获取 Session: Subject#getSession() Session session = currentUser.getSession(); session.setAttribute("someKey", "aValue"); String value = (String) session.getAttribute("someKey"); if (value.equals("aValue")) { log.info("---> Retrieved the correct value! [" + value + "]"); } // let's login the current user so we can check against roles and permissions: // 测试当前的用户是否已经被认证. 即是否已经登录. // 调动 Subject 的 isAuthenticated() if (!currentUser.isAuthenticated()) { // 把用户名和密码封装为 UsernamePasswordToken 对象 UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken("lonestarr", "vespa"); // rememberme token.setRememberMe(true); try { // 执行登录. currentUser.login(token); } // 若没有指定的账户, 则 shiro 将会抛出 UnknownAccountException 异常. catch (UnknownAccountException uae) { log.info("----> There is no user with username of " + token.getPrincipal()); return; } // 若账户存在, 但密码不匹配, 则 shiro 会抛出 IncorrectCredentialsException 异常。 catch (IncorrectCredentialsException ice) { log.info("----> Password for account " + token.getPrincipal() + " was incorrect!"); return; } // 用户被锁定的异常 LockedAccountException catch (LockedAccountException lae) { log.info("The account for username " + token.getPrincipal() + " is locked. " + "Please contact your administrator to unlock it."); } // ... catch more exceptions here (maybe custom ones specific to your application? // 所有认证时异常的父类. catch (AuthenticationException ae) { //unexpected condition? error? } } //say who they are: //print their identifying principal (in this case, a username): log.info("----> User [" + currentUser.getPrincipal() + "] logged in successfully."); //test a role: // 测试是否有某一个角色. 调用 Subject 的 hasRole 方法. if (currentUser.hasRole("schwartz")) { log.info("----> May the Schwartz be with you!"); } else { log.info("----> Hello, mere mortal."); return; } //test a typed permission (not instance-level) // 测试用户是否具备某一个行为. 调用 Subject 的 isPermitted() 方法。 if (currentUser.isPermitted("lightsaber:weild")) { log.info("----> You may use a lightsaber ring. Use it wisely."); } else { log.info("Sorry, lightsaber rings are for schwartz masters only."); } //a (very powerful) Instance Level permission: // 测试用户是否具备某一个行为. if (currentUser.isPermitted("user:delete:zhangsan")) { log.info("----> You are permitted to 'drive' the winnebago with license plate (id) 'eagle5'. " + "Here are the keys - have fun!"); } else { log.info("Sorry, you aren't allowed to drive the 'eagle5' winnebago!"); } //all done - log out! // 执行登出. 调用 Subject 的 Logout() 方法. System.out.println("---->" + currentUser.isAuthenticated()); currentUser.logout(); System.out.println("---->" + currentUser.isAuthenticated()); System.exit(0); } }
在这就截图运行后面打印的两个结果 , 中间的打印信息可以自己去尝试,每一个方法都有说明。
介绍完毕 各位大佬 喜欢可以赞一下或关注一下哦
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