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angularjs速成学习个人理解_9表单验证

2017-10-30 10:51 507 查看

angularjs提供表单验证功能。虽然比不上其他框架的的验证方式的。但是个人认为比别的验证框架要灵活一些。不是简单的通过设置属性来实现。

ng-show属性可以控制一个标签的显示与隐藏。

借助菜鸟教程的例子如下：

<input type="checkbox" ng-model="myVar">
<div ng-show="myVar">
<h1>Welcome</h1>
<p>Welcome to my home.</p>
</div>

当checkbox选中时，div内容显示。反之，隐藏。

通过设置在标签上的ng-show控制验证是否通过。

***.$touch&&****.$invalid就是验证是否显示的条件。

***是某个元素。大体意思是，表单中某个元素被触碰（可以理解为焦点事件）且验证失败时显示。<input type="text" name="firstName" ng-model="user.firstName" required />
<span ng-show="myForm.firstName.$touched && myForm.firstName.$invalid" style="color:red;">First Name is required.</span>

我们也可以通过【$error.验证名】方式指定多个错误信息。

Email: <input type="email" name="myEmail" ng-model="myEmail" required />
<span ng-show="myForm.myEmail.$touched && myForm.myEmail.$invalid" style="color:red;">
<span ng-show="myForm.myEmail.$error.required">Email is required.</span>
<span ng-show="myForm.myEmail.$error.email">Invalid email format.</span>
</span>

其中$error.required为必须输入验证信息。而在标签上用到时的required属性，这个属性是HTML5的表单验证。

同理，type="email"这个输入框也是HTML5的表单验证。而ng-maxlength/ng-minlength则利用的是指令验证。

也就是说angularjs的验证是结合了HTML5表单验证规范。

代码如下；
Email: <input type="email" name="myEmail" ng-model="myEmail" required ng-maxlength="10" />
<span ng-show="myForm.myEmail.$touched && myForm.myEmail.$invalid" style="color:red;">
<span ng-show="myForm.myEmail.$error.required">Email is required.</span>
<span ng-show="myForm.myEmail.$error.email">Invalid email format.</span>
<span ng-show="myForm.myEmail.$error.maxlength">10max length</span>
</span>我们也可以通过自定义指令来实现更加自由的验证方式。如下代码我们定义了一个叫做phone的验证，并加入到当前控制器中。
//使用指令自定义表单验证规则
myApp.directive("myValDirective", function() {
return {
require: "ngModel",
link: function(scope, element, attr, mCtrl) {
function myVal
4000
idation(value) {
if (/^1[34578]\d{9}$/.test(value)) {
mCtrl.$setValidity('phone', true);
} else {
mCtrl.$setValidity('phone', false);
}
return value;
}
mCtrl.$parsers.push(myValidation);
}
};
});
然后我们把定义好的指令放在标签上。通过$error.phone进行错误信息的显示控制。

Phone: <input type="text" name="myPhone" ng-model="myPhone" required my-val-directive />
<span ng-show="myForm.myPhone.$touched && myForm.myPhone.$invalid" style="color:red;">
<span ng-show="myForm.myPhone.$error.required">Phone is required.</span>
<span ng-show="myForm.myPhone.$error.phone">Invalid Phone format.</span>
</span>

以上完整代码如下：
<!DOCTYPE html>

<html ng-app="myApp">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=1,user-scalable=no" />
<title>Form - AngularJS Test</title>
<style type="text/css">
.test-div {margin:15px;padding:15px;border:1px solid #ccc;}
input.ng-invalid {background-color:#FFFF00;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="test-div" ng-controller="myCtrl">
<form name="myForm" action="#" novalidate>
<p>
First Name: <input type="text" name="firstName" ng-model="user.firstName" required />
<span ng-show="myForm.firstName.$touched && myForm.firstName.$invalid" style="color:red;">First Name is required.</span>
</p>
<p>
Last Name: <input type="text" name="lastName" ng-model="user.lastName" required />
<span ng-show="myForm.lastName.$touched && myForm.lastName.$invalid" style="color:red;">Last Name is required.</span>
</p>
<p>
Email: <input type="email" name="myEmail" ng-model="myEmail" required ng-maxlength="10" />
<span ng-show="myForm.myEmail.$touched && myForm.myEmail.$invalid" style="color:red;">
<span ng-show="myForm.myEmail.$error.required">Email is required.</span>
<span ng-show="myForm.myEmail.$error.email">Invalid email format.</span>
<span ng-show="myForm.myEmail.$error.maxlength">10max length</span>
</span>
</p>
<p>
Phone: <input type="text" name="myPhone" ng-model="myPhone" required my-val-directive />
<span ng-show="myForm.myPhone.$touched && myForm.myPhone.$invalid" style="color:red;">
<span ng-show="myForm.myPhone.$error.required">Phone is required.</span>
<span ng-show="myForm.myPhone.$error.phone">Invalid Phone format.</span>
</span>
</p>
<button ng-click="resetForm()">Reset</button>
</form>
<p>form = {{user}}</p>
<p>origin = {{origin}}</p>
</div>

<script type="text/javascript" src="static/js/angular-1.5.8.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
/**
* Forms in AngularJS provides data-binding and validation of input controls: input select button textarea.
* AngularJS offers client-side form validation.
*/

var myApp = angular.module("myApp", []);

//使用指令自定义表单验证规则
myApp.directive("myValDirective", function() {
return {
require: "ngModel",
link: function(scope, element, attr, mCtrl) {
function myValidation(value) {
if (/^1[34578]\d{9}$/.test(value)) {
mCtrl.$setValidity('phone', true);
} else {
mCtrl.$setValidity('phone', false);
}
return value;
}
mCtrl.$parsers.push(myValidation);
}
};
});

myApp.controller("myCtrl", function($scope) {
$scope.origin = {"firstName":"Neo","lastName":"Huang"};
$scope.resetForm = function() {
$scope.user = angular.copy($scope.origin);
};
$scope.resetForm();
});
</script>
</body>
</html>

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