SQL Server 日常维护经典应用

SQL Server日常维护常用的一些脚本整理。

1.sql server开启clr权限：

exec sp_configure 'clr enabled', 1
GO
RECONFIGURE
GO
ALTER DATABASE HWMESTC SET TRUSTWORTHY ON
ALTER AUTHORIZATION ON Database::HWMESTC TO sa;

2.查询数据库大小

Exec sp_spaceused
select name, convert(float,size) * (8192.0/1024.0)/1024. from dbo.sysfiles

3.数据库日志压缩

--选择需要使用的数据库
USE PIMS
--将数据库模式设置为SIMPLE
ALTER DATABASE PIMS SET RECOVERY SIMPLE
-- 将日志文件收缩到1M
DBCC SHRINKFILE ('PIMS_log', 1)
-- 还原数据库
ALTER DATABASE PIMS SET RECOVERY FULL

4.查看数据库连接用户

Select * From sys.dm_exec_connections

5.查看当前占用 cpu 资源最高的会话和其中执行的语句(及时CPU)

select spid,cmd,cpu,physical_io,memusage,
(select top 1 [text] from ::fn_get_sql(sql_handle)) sql_text
from master..sysprocesses order by cpu desc,physical_io desc

6.查看缓存中重用次数少，占用内存大的查询语句（当前缓存中未释放的）--全局

SELECT TOP 100 usecounts, objtype, p.size_in_bytes,[sql].[text]
FROM sys.dm_exec_cached_plans p OUTER APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text (p.plan_handle) sql
ORDER BY usecounts,p.size_in_bytes  desc

7.看BUFFER POOL中，都缓存了哪些表(当前数据库)的数据

select OBJECT_NAME(object_id) 表名,COUNT(*) 页数,COUNT(*)*8/1024.0 Mb
from   sys.dm_os_buffer_descriptors a,sys.allocation_units b,sys.partitions c
where  a.allocation_unit_id=b.allocation_unit_id
and b.container_id=c.hobt_id
and database_id=DB_ID()
group by OBJECT_NAME(object_id)
order by 2 desc

8.查询SQLSERVER内存使用情况

select * from sys.dm_os_process_memory

9.查询SqlServer总体的内存使用情况

select      type,
sum(virtual_memory_reserved_kb)*0.1*10/1024/1024 as vm_Reserved_gb,--保留的内存
sum(virtual_memory_committed_kb)*0.1*10/1024/1024 as vm_Committed_gb,--提交的内存
sum(awe_allocated_kb)*0.1*10/1024/1024 as awe_Allocated_gb,--开启AWE后使用的内存
sum(shared_memory_reserved_kb)*0.1*10/1024/1024 as sm_Reserved_gb,--共享的保留内存
sum(shared_memory_committed_kb)*0.1*10/1024/1024 as sm_Committed_gb--共享的提交内存
from    sys.dm_os_memory_clerks
group by type
order by type

10.查询当前数据库缓存的所有数据页面，哪些数据表，缓存的数据页面数量

-- 查询当前数据库缓存的所有数据页面，哪些数据表，缓存的数据页面数量
-- 从这些信息可以看出，系统经常要访问的都是哪些表，有多大？
select p.object_id, object_name=object_name(p.object_id), p.index_id, buffer_pages=count(*)
from sys.allocation_units a,
sys.dm_os_buffer_descriptors b,
sys.partitions p
where a.allocation_unit_id=b.allocation_unit_id
and a.container_id=p.hobt_id
and b.database_id=db_id()
group by p.object_id,p.index_id
order by buffer_pages desc

11.查询缓存的各类执行计划，及分别占了多少内存

-- 查询缓存的各类执行计划，及分别占了多少内存
-- 可以对比动态查询与参数化SQL（预定义语句）的缓存量
select    cacheobjtype
, objtype
, sum(cast(size_in_bytes as bigint))/1024 as size_in_kb
, count(bucketid) as cache_count
from    sys.dm_exec_cached_plans
group by cacheobjtype, objtype
order by cacheobjtype, objtype

12.查询缓存中具体的执行计划，及对应的SQL

-- 查询缓存中具体的执行计划，及对应的SQL
-- 将此结果按照数据表或SQL进行统计，可以作为基线，调整索引时考虑
-- 查询结果会很大，注意将结果集输出到表或文件中
SELECT  usecounts ,
refcounts ,
size_in_bytes ,
cacheobjtype ,
objtype ,
TEXT
FROM    sys.dm_exec_cached_plans cp
CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(plan_handle)
ORDER BY objtype DESC ;
GO

13.查询sql server内存整体使用情况

--查询sql server内存整体使用情况
SELECT object_name, cntr_value*0.1*10/1024/1024 ,cntr_value,cntr_type,t.counter_name,t.instance_name
FROM sys.dm_os_performance_counters t
WHERE counter_name = 'Total Server Memory (KB)';

14.一次性清楚数据库所有表的数据

CREATE PROCEDURE sp_DeleteAllData
AS
EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'ALTER TABLE ? NOCHECK CONSTRAINT ALL'
EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'ALTER TABLE ? DISABLE TRIGGER ALL'
EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'DELETE FROM ?'
EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'ALTER TABLE ? CHECK CONSTRAINT ALL'
EXEC sp_MSForEachTable 'ALTER TABLE ? ENABLE TRIGGER ALL'
EXEC sp_MSFOREACHTABLE 'SELECT * FROM ?'
GO

15.SQL优化相关、执行时间

SELECT creation_time  N'语句编译时间'
,last_execution_time  N'上次执行时间'
,total_physical_reads N'物理读取总次数'
,total_logical_reads/execution_count N'每次逻辑读次数'
,total_logical_reads  N'逻辑读取总次数'
,total_logical_writes N'逻辑写入总次数'
,execution_count  N'执行次数'
,total_worker_time/1000 N'所用的CPU总时间ms'
,total_elapsed_time/1000  N'总花费时间ms'
,(total_elapsed_time / execution_count)/1000  N'平均时间ms'
,SUBSTRING(st.text, (qs.statement_start_offset/2) + 1,
((CASE statement_end_offset
WHEN -1 THEN DATALENGTH(st.text)
ELSE qs.statement_end_offset END
- qs.statement_start_offset)/2) + 1) N'执行语句'
FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats AS qs
CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(qs.sql_handle) st
WHERE SUBSTRING(st.text, (qs.statement_start_offset/2) + 1,
((CASE statement_end_offset
WHEN -1 THEN DATALENGTH(st.text)
ELSE qs.statement_end_offset END
- qs.statement_start_offset)/2) + 1) NOT LIKE '%fetch%'
ORDER BY  total_elapsed_time / execution_count DESC;

16.truncate外键表存储过程

USE PIMS
GO

CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[usp_Truncate_Table]
@TableToTruncate VARCHAR(64)
AS

BEGIN

SET NOCOUNT ON

--==变量定义
DECLARE @i int
DECLARE @Debug bit
DECLARE @Recycle bit
DECLARE @Verbose bit
DECLARE @TableName varchar(80)
DECLARE @ColumnName varchar(80)
DECLARE @ReferencedTableName varchar(80)
DECLARE @ReferencedColumnName varchar(80)
DECLARE @ConstraintName varchar(250)

DECLARE @CreateStatement varchar(max)
DECLARE @DropStatement varchar(max)
DECLARE @TruncateStatement varchar(max)
DECLARE @CreateStatementTemp varchar(max)
DECLARE @DropStatementTemp varchar(max)
DECLARE @TruncateStatementTemp varchar(max)
DECLARE @Statement varchar(max)

SET @Debug = 0--(0:将执行相关语句|1:不执行语句)
SET @Recycle = 0--(0:不创建/不清除存储表|1:将创建/清理存储表)
set @Verbose = 1--(1:每步执行均打印消息|0:不打印消息)

SET @i = 1
SET @CreateStatement = 'ALTER TABLE [dbo].[<tablename>]  WITH NOCHECK ADD  CONSTRAINT [<constraintname>] FOREIGN KEY([<column>]) REFERENCES [dbo].[<reftable>] ([<refcolumn>])'
SET @DropStatement = 'ALTER TABLE [dbo].[<tablename>] DROP CONSTRAINT [<constraintname>]'
SET @TruncateStatement = 'TRUNCATE TABLE [<tablename>]'

-- 创建外键临时表
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#FKs') IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE #FKs

-- 获取外键
SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id), clm1.name) as ID,
OBJECT_NAME(constraint_object_id) as ConstraintName,
OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id) as TableName,
clm1.name as ColumnName,
OBJECT_NAME(referenced_object_id) as ReferencedTableName,
clm2.name as ReferencedColumnName
INTO #FKs
FROM sys.foreign_key_columns fk
JOIN sys.columns clm1 ON fk.parent_column_id = clm1.column_id AND fk.parent_object_id = clm1.object_id
JOIN sys.columns clm2 ON fk.referenced_column_id = clm2.column_id AND fk.referenced_object_id= clm2.object_id
--WHERE OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id) not in ('//tables that you do not wont to be truncated')
WHERE OBJECT_NAME(referenced_object_id) = @TableToTruncate
ORDER BY OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id)

-- 外键操作(删除|重建)表
IF Not EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'Internal_FK_Definition_Storage')
BEGIN
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT '1. 正在创建表(Internal_FK_Definition_Storage)...'
CREATE TABLE [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]
(
ID int not null identity(1,1) primary key,
FK_Name varchar(250) not null,
FK_CreationStatement varchar(max) not null,
FK_DestructionStatement varchar(max) not null,
Table_TruncationStatement varchar(max) not null
)
END
ELSE
BEGIN
IF @Recycle = 0
BEGIN
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT '1. 正在清理表(Internal_FK_Definition_Storage)...'
TRUNCATE TABLE [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]
END
ELSE
PRINT '1. 正在清理表(Internal_FK_Definition_Storage)...'
END

IF @Recycle = 0
BEGIN
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT '2. 正在备份外键定义...'
WHILE (@i <= (SELECT MAX(ID) FROM #FKs))
BEGIN
SET @ConstraintName = (SELECT ConstraintName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i)
SET @TableName = (SELECT TableName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i)
SET @ColumnName = (SELECT ColumnName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i)
SET @ReferencedTableName = (SELECT ReferencedTableName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i)
SET @ReferencedColumnName = (SELECT ReferencedColumnName FROM #FKs WHERE ID = @i)

SET @DropStatementTemp = REPLACE(REPLACE(@DropStatement,'<tablename>',@TableName),'<constraintname>',@ConstraintName)
SET @CreateStatementTemp = REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(@CreateStatement,'<tablename>',@TableName),'<column>',@ColumnName),'<constraintname>',@ConstraintName),'<reftable>',@ReferencedTableName),'<refcolumn>',@ReferencedColumnName)
SET @TruncateStatementTemp = REPLACE(@TruncateStatement,'<tablename>',@TableName)

INSERT INTO [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]
SELECT @ConstraintName, @CreateStatementTemp, @DropStatementTemp, @TruncateStatementTemp

SET @i = @i + 1

IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT '  > 已备份外键:[' + @ConstraintName + '] 所属表: [' + @TableName + ']'
END
END
ELSE
PRINT '2. 正在备份外键定义...'

IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT '3. 正在删除外键...'
BEGIN TRAN
BEGIN TRY
SET @i = 1
WHILE (@i <= (SELECT MAX(ID) FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]))
BEGIN
SET @ConstraintName = (SELECT FK_Name FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WHERE ID = @i)
SET @Statement = (SELECT FK_DestructionStatement FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WITH (NOLOCK) WHERE ID = @i)
IF @Debug = 1
PRINT @Statement
ELSE
EXEC(@Statement)
SET @i = @i + 1
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT '  > 已删除外键:[' + @ConstraintName + ']'
END

IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT '4. 正在清理数据表...'
--先清除该外键所在表(由于外键所在表仍可能又被其他外键所引用，因此需要循环递归处理)(注：本处理未实现)
--请不要使用下面注释代码
/*
SET @i = 1
WHILE (@i <= (SELECT MAX(ID) FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]))
BEGIN
SET @Statement = (SELECT Table_TruncationStatement FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WHERE ID = @i)
IF @Debug = 1
PRINT @Statement
ELSE
EXEC(@Statement)
SET @i = @i + 1
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT '  > ' + @Statement
END
*/

IF @Debug = 1
PRINT 'TRUNCATE TABLE [' + @TableToTruncate + ']'
ELSE
EXEC('TRUNCATE TABLE [' + @TableToTruncate + ']')
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT '  > 已清理数据表[' + @TableToTruncate + ']'

IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT '5. 正在重建外键...'
SET @i = 1
WHILE (@i <= (SELECT MAX(ID) FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage]))
BEGIN
SET @ConstraintName = (SELECT FK_Name FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WHERE ID = @i)
SET @Statement = (SELECT FK_CreationStatement FROM [Internal_FK_Definition_Storage] WHERE ID = @i)
IF @Debug = 1
PRINT @Statement
ELSE
EXEC(@Statement)
SET @i = @i + 1
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT '  > 已重建外键:[' + @ConstraintName + ']'
END
COMMIT
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
ROLLBACK
PRINT '出错信息:'+ERROR_MESSAGE()
END CATCH
IF @Verbose = 1
PRINT '6. 处理完成！'
END

17. 查看job运行持续时间

SELECT
[T1].[job_id]
,[T1].[name] AS [job_name]
,[T2].[run_status]
,[T2].[run_date]
,[T2].[run_time]
,[dbo].[agent_datetime]([T2].[run_date], [T2].[run_time]) AS [run_datetime]
,[T2].[run_duration]
,DATEDIFF(SECOND, '1900-01-01', DATEADD(SECOND, 31, [dbo].[agent_datetime](19000101, [run_duration]))) AS [run_duration_s]
FROM
[dbo].[sysjobs] AS T1
INNER JOIN [dbo].[sysjobhistory] AS T2
ON [T2].[job_id] = [T1].[job_id]
WHERE
[T1].[enabled] = 1
AND [T2].[step_id] = 0
AND [T2].[run_duration] >= 1
and [T1].[name]='PIMS_CreatePaperCraftParameterAnalysisData'
ORDER BY
[T2].[job_id] ASC
,[T2].[run_date] ASC
GO

18. 从所有缓存中释放所有未使用的缓存条目

DBCC FREESYSTEMCACHE('ALL');

19. 查询、解除死锁

--查询表死锁信息
select object_name(resource_associated_entity_id) as tableName, request_session_id as pid from sys.dm_tran_locks
where resource_type = 'OBJECT'

dbcc opentran

--查看死锁的详细信息、执行的sql语句
exec sp_who2 53
--exec sp_who 53
DBCC inputbuffer (53)

--解除死锁
kill 53

20. 查询SQL Server根据CPU消耗列出前5个最差性能的查询

-- Worst performing CPU bound queries
SELECT TOP 5
st.text,
qp.query_plan,
qs.*
FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats qs
CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(qs.plan_handle) st
CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_query_plan(qs.plan_handle) qp
ORDER BY total_worker_time DESC
GO

21. 显示如何依据I/O消耗来找出你性能最差的查询

-- Worst performing I/O bound queries
SELECT TOP 5
st.text,
qp.query_plan,
qs.*
FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats qs
CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(qs.plan_handle) st
CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_query_plan(qs.plan_handle) qp
ORDER BY total_logical_reads DESC
GO

22. 查询服务器部分特殊信息

select SERVERPROPERTY(N'edition') as Edition     --数据版本，如企业版、开发版等
,SERVERPROPERTY(N'collation') as Collation   --数据库字符集
,SERVERPROPERTY(N'servername') as ServerName --服务名
,@@VERSION as Version   --数据库版本号
,@@LANGUAGE AS Language  --数据库使用的语言，如us_english等

23.查询数据库中各数据表大小

-- =============================================
-- 描  述：更新查询数据库中各表的大小，结果存储到数据表中
-- =============================================

--查询是否存在结果存储表
IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sysobjects where id = OBJECT_ID(N'temp_tableSpaceInfo') AND OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsUserTable') = 1)
BEGIN
--不存在则创建
CREATE TABLE temp_tableSpaceInfo
(name NVARCHAR(128),
rows char(11),
reserved VARCHAR(18),
data VARCHAR(18),
index_size VARCHAR(18),
unused VARCHAR(18))
END
--清空数据表
DELETE FROM temp_tableSpaceInfo

--定义临时变量在遍历时存储表名称
DECLARE @tablename VARCHAR(255)

--使用游标读取数据库内所有表表名
DECLARE table_list_cursor CURSOR FOR
SELECT name FROM sysobjects
WHERE OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsTable') = 1 AND name NOT LIKE N'#%%' ORDER BY name

--打开游标
OPEN table_list_cursor
--读取第一条数据
FETCH NEXT FROM table_list_cursor INTO @tablename

--遍历查询到的表名
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
--检查当前表是否为用户表
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sysobjects WHERE id = OBJECT_ID(@tablename) AND OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsUserTable') = 1)
BEGIN
--当前表则读取其信息插入到表格中
EXECUTE sp_executesql N'INSERT INTO temp_tableSpaceInfo EXEC sp_spaceused @tbname', N'@tbname varchar(255)', @tbname = @tablename
END
--读取下一条数据
FETCH NEXT FROM table_list_cursor INTO @tablename
END

--释放游标
CLOSE table_list_cursor
DEALLOCATE table_list_cursor

SELECT *,replace(reserved,'KB','')/1024 数据表大小M FROM temp_tableSpaceInfo order by replace(reserved,'KB','')/1024 desc
drop table temp_tableSpaceInfo