DNA Consensus String UVA - 1368 模拟找规律

DNA Consensus String

Time limit: 3.000 secondsFigure 1.DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) isthe molecule which contains the genetic instructions. It consists of four different nucleotides, namely Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine as shown in Figure 1. If we represent a nucleotide by its initial character, a DNA strand can be regarded as a longstring (sequence of characters) consisting of the four characters A, T, G, and C. For example, assume we are given some part of a DNA strand which is composed of the following sequence of nucleotides:``Thymine-Adenine-Adenine-Cytosine-Thymine-Guanine-Cytosine-Cytosine-Guanine-Adenine-Thymine"Then we can represent the above DNA strand with the string ``TAACTGCCGAT." The biologist Prof. Ahn found that a gene X commonly exists in the DNA strands of five different kinds of animals, namely dogs, cats, horses, cows, and monkeys. He also discovered thatthe DNA sequences of the gene X from each animal were very alike. See Figure 2.

	DNA sequence of gene X
4000Cat:	GCATATGGCTGTGCA
Dog:	GCAAATGGCTGTGCA
Horse:	GCTAATGGGTGTCCA
Cow:	GCAAATGGCTGTGCA
Monkey:	GCAAATCGGTGAGCA

Figure 2. DNA sequences of gene X in five animals.Prof. Ahn thought that humans might also have the gene X and decided to search for the DNA sequence of X in human DNA. However, before searching, he should define a representative DNA sequence of gene X because its sequences are not exactly the same in theDNA of the five animals. He decided to use the Hamming distance to define the representative sequence. The Hamming distance is the number of different characters at each position from two strings of equal length. For example, assume we are given the two strings``AGCAT" and ``GGAAT." The Hamming distance of these two strings is 2 because the 1st and the 3rd characters of the two strings are different. Using the Hamming distance, we can define a representative string for a set ofmultiple strings of equal length. Given a set of strings S = s1,..., sm oflength n, the consensus error between a string y of length n andthe set S is the sum of the Hamming distances between y and each si in S.If the consensus error between y and S is the minimum among all possible strings y oflength n, y is called a consensus string of S.For example, given the three strings ``AGCAT" ``AGACT" and ``GGAAT" the consensus string of the given strings is ``AGAAT" because the sum of the Hamming distances between ``AGAAT"and the three strings is 3 which is minimal. (In this case, the consensus string is unique, but in general, there can be more than one consensus string.) We use the consensus string as a representative of the DNA sequence. For the example of Figure 2 above,a consensus string of gene X is ``GCAAATGGCTGTGCA" and the consensus error is 7.

Input 

Your program is to read from standard input. The input consists of T testcases. The number of test cases T isgiven in the first line of the input. Each test case starts with a line containing two integers m and n whichare separated by a single space. The integer m (4m50) representsthe number of DNA sequences and n (4n1000) representsthe length of the DNA sequences, respectively. In each of the next m lines,each DNA sequence is given.

Output 

Your program is to write to standard output. Print the consensus string in the first line of each case and the consensus error in the second lineof each case. If there exists more than one consensus string, print the lexicographically smallest consensus string. The following shows sample input and output for three test cases.

SampleInput 

3
5 8
TATGATAC
TAAGCTAC
AAAGATCC
TGAGATAC
TAAGATGT
4 10
ACGTACGTAC
CCGTACGTAG
GCGTACGTAT
TCGTACGTAA
6 10
ATGTTACCAT
AAGTTACGAT
AACAAAGCAA
AAGTTACCTT
AAGTTACCAA
TACTTACCAA

SampleOutput 

TAAGATAC
7
ACGTACGTAA
6
AAGTTACCAA
12

题意：输入若干长度相同的字符串，然后找出一个与它们长度相同的字符串，要求这个字符串和输入的所有的字符串，不相同的字符个数最小，然后把这个字符输出，并且把不相同的字符个数也输出；

思路：先找符合的字符串，字符串就是每一竖行出现最多的那个字符；

代码如下：

//DNA Consensus String UVA - 1368#include <stdio.h>#include <string.h>char c[55][1005];char s[1005];int  a[5];int main() {int N , sum;int n , m , t , p;scanf("%d",&N);while(N--) {p = 0;sum = 0;scanf("%d %d",&n,&m);for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {scanf("%s",c[i]);}for(int i = 0; i < m; i++) {memset(a , 0 , sizeof(a));for(int j = 0; j < n; j++) {if(c[j][i] == 'A')a[1]++;else if(c[j][i] == 'C')a[2]++;else if(c[j][i] == 'G')a[3]++;elsea[4]++;}for(int i = 1; i <= 4; i++) {if(a[0] < a[i]) {a[0] = a[i];t = i;}}if(t == 1) s[p++] = 'A';else if(t == 2) s[p++] = 'C';else if(t == 3) s[p++] = 'G';else if(t == 4) s[p++] = 'T';}for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {for(int j = 0; j < m; j++) {if(c[i][j] != s[j]) {sum++;}}}for(int i = 0; i < m; i++)printf("%c",s[i]);printf("\n");printf("%d\n",sum);}return 0;}