Oracle的关于建表，约束，查询等的练习

从建立一个简单表，到实现一些复杂查询的例子

DROP TABLE grade;

DROP TABLE item;

DROP TABLE sporter;

CREATE TABLE sporter(

 sporterid NUMBER(4) PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,

 name  VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,

 sex  VARCHAR(2) NOT NULL,

 department VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,

 CONSTRAINT sporter_sex_CK CHECK(sex IN('男','女'))

);

 

 

 

CREATE TABLE item(

 itemid  VARCHAR(4) PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,

 itemname VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,

 location VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL

);

 

CREATE TABLE grade(

 sporterid NUMBER(4),

 itemid  VARCHAR(4),

 mark  NUMBER(2),

 CONSTRAINT sport_grade_sporterid_fk FOREIGN KEY(sporterid) REFERENCES sporter(sporterid) ON DELETE CASCADE,

 CONSTRAINT item_grade_sporterid_fk FOREIGN KEY(itemid) REFERENCES item(itemid) ON DELETE CASCADE,

 CONSTRAINT grade_mark_CK CHECK(mark IN (6,4,2,0))

);

 

-- 测试数据

 

INSERT INTO sporter(sporterid,name,sex,department)

 VALUES(1001,'李明','男','计算机系');

INSERT INTO sporter(sporterid,name,sex,department)

 VALUES(1002,'王二','男','数学系');

INSERT INTO sporter(sporterid,name,sex,department)

 VALUES(1003,'张三','男','计算机系');

INSERT INTO sporter(sporterid,name,sex,department)

 VALUES(1004,'李四','男','物理系');

INSERT INTO sporter(sporterid,name,sex,department)

 VALUES(1005,'李娜','女','心理系');

INSERT INTO sporter(sporterid,name,sex,department)

 VALUES(1006,'孙俪','女','数学系');

 

INSERT INTO item(itemid,itemname,location) 

 VALUES ('x001','男子五千米','一操场');

INSERT INTO item(itemid,itemname,location) 

 VALUES ('x002','男子标枪','二操场');

INSERT INTO item(itemid,itemname,location) 

 VALUES ('x003','男子跳远','二操场');

INSERT INTO item(itemid,itemname,location) 

 VALUES ('x004','女子跳高','二操场');

INSERT INTO item(itemid,itemname,location) 

 VALUES ('x005','女子三千米','三操场');

 

 

INSERT INTO grade(sporterid,itemid,mark)

 VALUES(1001,'x001',6);

INSERT INTO grade(sporterid,itemid,mark)

 VALUES(1002,'x001',4);

INSERT INTO grade(sporterid,itemid,mark)

 VALUES(1003,'x001',2);

INSERT INTO grade(sporterid,itemid,mark)

 VALUES(1004,'x001',0);

INSERT INTO grade(sporterid,itemid,mark)

 VALUES(1001,'x003',4);

INSERT INTO grade(sporterid,itemid,mark)

 VALUES(1002,'x003',6);

INSERT INTO grade(sporterid,itemid,mark)

 VALUES(1004,'x003',2);

INSERT INTO grade(sporterid,itemid,mark)

 VALUES(1005,'x004',6);

INSERT INTO grade(sporterid,itemid,mark)

 VALUES(1006,'x004',4);

要求：

1.求出目前总积分最高的系名，及其积分：

·所有的系名都在SPORTERID表之中

SELECT * FROM (

 SELECT s.department,SUM(g.mark) sum

 FROM sporter s,grade g

 WHERE s.sporterid=g.sporterid

 GROUP BY s.department

 ORDER BY sum DESC)

WHERE ROWNUM=1

;

 

·不使用ROWNUM

 ·求出最大的分数值

 SELECT MAX(SUM(g.mark)) max

 FROM sporter s,grade g

 WHERE s.sporterid=g.sporterid

 GROUP BY s.department

 ·把上面的最大分数值作为子查询作为子查询

 SELECT t.* FROM (

  SELECT s.department de,SUM(g.mark) sum

  FROM sporter s,grade g

  WHERE s.sporterid=g.sporterid

  GROUP BY s.department

  ORDER BY sum DESC) t

 WHERE t.sum=(

  SELECT MAX(SUM(g.mark)) max

  FROM sporter s,grade g

  WHERE s.sporterid=g.sporterid

  GROUP BY s.department) ;

2.找出在二操场进行比赛的各个项目名称，及其冠军的姓名

·求出最高成绩的 项目ID 和 分数 

SELECT i.itemname,s.name,g.mark

FROM item i,grade g,sporter s

WHERE i.location='二操场'

AND i.itemid=g.itemid

AND s.sporterid=g.sporterid

;

·根据最高分得出

SELECT i.itemname,s.name,g.mark

FROM item i,grade g,sporter s

WHERE i.location='二操场'

AND i.itemid=g.itemid

AND s.sporterid=g.sporterid

AND g.mark IN(

 SELECT MAX(mark) FROM (

 SELECT i.itemname itemname,s.name name,g.mark mark

 FROM item i,grade g,sporter s

 WHERE i.location='二操场'

 AND i.itemid=g.itemid

 AND s.sporterid=g.sporterid

 )GROUP BY itemname

);

3.找出参加了张三所参加过的项目的其他同学的姓名

SELECT DISTINCT s.name FROM sporter s,grade g 

WHERE s.sporterid=g.sporterid

AND s.name<>'张三'

AND g.itemid IN (

 SELECT g.itemid

 FROM sporter s,grade g

 WHERE s.sporterid=g.sporterid

 AND s.name='张三');

4.经查张三因为使用了违禁药品，其成绩都记为0分，做出修改

UPDATE grade SET mark=0

WHERE sporterid=(

 SELECT sporterid FROM sporter WHERE name='张三'

);

5.取消山粗女子跳高比赛项目

DELETE FROM item WHERE itemname='女子跳高';