C#实现按键精灵的'找图' '找色' '找字'的功能

http://www.cnblogs.com/JimmyBright/p/4355862.html
背景：游戏辅助功能通常使用按键精灵编写脚本，按键精灵的最大卖点就是能够找到画面中字，图，色，这对于模拟用户鼠标操作至关重要，这能找到道具，找到血量，实现自动打怪，自动补血，自动买卖道具，博主闲来无聊，看到一款按键精灵实现的辅助，于是乎想用WPF也写一款辅助工具，实现其核心的找图找色等功能。博主测试，对于背景复杂多变的画面，找不变图的成功率达到100%，找带透明的图，比如文字，能达到90%以上。默认您已经知道一个颜色值由argb构成，每个值范围都是0~255。网上发现不少人询问过该问题，几乎没有比较全面的解答，今天本博主自己写了这些功能的代码，C#同学们，以后可以用这几个函数实现你的游戏辅助了哦(⊙o⊙)

找色：
/// <summary> /// 找颜色 /// </summary> /// <param name="parPic">查找的图片的绝对路径</param> /// <param name="searchColor">查找的16进制颜色值，如#0C5FAB</param> /// <param name="searchRect">查找的矩形区域范围内</param> /// <param name="errorRange">容错</param> /// <returns></returns> System.Drawing.Point FindColor(string parPic, string searchColor, System.Drawing.Rectangle searchRect, byte errorRange = 10) { var colorX = System.Drawing.ColorTranslator.FromHtml(searchColor); var parBitmap = new Bitmap(parPic); var parData = parBitmap.LockBits(new System.Drawing.Rectangle(0, 0, parBitmap.Width, parBitmap.Height), ImageLockMode.ReadOnly, System.Drawing.Imaging.PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb); var byteArraryPar = new byte[parData.Stride * parData.Height]; Marshal.Copy(parData.Scan0, byteArraryPar, 0, parData.Stride * parData.Height); if (searchRect.IsEmpty) { searchRect = new System.Drawing.Rectangle(0, 0, parBitmap.Width, parBitmap.Height); } var searchLeftTop = searchRect.Location; var searchSize = searchRect.Size; var iMax = searchLeftTop.Y + searchSize.Height;//行 var jMax = searchLeftTop.X + searchSize.Width;//列 int pointX = -1; int pointY = -1; for (int m = searchRect.Y; m < iMax; m++) { for (int n = searchRect.X; n < jMax; n++) { int index = m * parBitmap.Width * 4 + n * 4; var color = System.Drawing.Color.FromArgb(byteArraryPar[index + 3], byteArraryPar[index + 2], byteArraryPar[index + 1], byteArraryPar[index]); if (ColorAEqualColorB(color, colorX, errorRange)) { pointX = n; pointY = m; goto END; } } } END: parBitmap.UnlockBits(parData); return new System.Drawing.Point(pointX, pointY); } #endregion
方法中的容错范围，默认设置为10。R、G、B三者的范围都是0~255，容错为10，就表示每个范围都可以在10上下波动，下面还会有容错的概念

找图：

在一张大图中截取一个矩形小图，然后在任意包含该小图的图片中找到该小图的坐标位置

#region 找图

/// <summary>

/// 查找图片，不能镂空

/// </summary>

/// <param name="subPic"></param>

/// <param name="parPic"></param>

/// <param name="searchRect">如果为empty，则默认查找整个图像</param>

/// <param name="errorRange">容错，单个色值范围内视为正确0~255</param>

/// <param name="matchRate">图片匹配度，默认90%</param>

/// <param name="isFindAll">是否查找所有相似的图片</param>

/// <returns>返回查找到的图片的中心点坐标</returns>

List<System.Drawing.Point> FindPicture(string subPic, string parPic, System.Drawing.Rectangle searchRect, byte errorRange, double matchRate = 0.9, bool isFindAll = false)

{

List<System.Drawing.Point> ListPoint = new List<System.Drawing.Point>();

var subBitmap = new Bitmap(subPic);

var parBitmap = new Bitmap(parPic);

int subWidth = subBitmap.Width;

int subHeight = subBitmap.Height;

int parWidth = parBitmap.Width;

int parHeight = parBitmap.Height;

if (searchRect.IsEmpty)

{

searchRect = new System.Drawing.Rectangle(0, 0, parBitmap.Width, parBitmap.Height);

}

var searchLeftTop = searchRect.Location;

var searchSize = searchRect.Size;

System.Drawing.Color startPixelColor = subBitmap.GetPixel(0, 0);

var subData = subBitmap.LockBits(new System.Drawing.Rectangle(0, 0, subBitmap.Width, subBitmap.Height), ImageLockMode.ReadOnly, System.Drawing.Imaging.PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb);

var parData = parBitmap.LockBits(new System.Drawing.Rectangle(0, 0, parBitmap.Width, parBitmap.Height), ImageLockMode.ReadOnly, System.Drawing.Imaging.PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb);

var byteArrarySub = new byte[subData.Stride * subData.Height];

var byteArraryPar = new byte[parData.Stride * parData.Height];

Marshal.Copy(subData.Scan0, byteArrarySub, 0, subData.Stride * subData.Height);

Marshal.Copy(parData.Scan0, byteArraryPar, 0, parData.Stride * parData.Height);

var iMax = searchLeftTop.Y + searchSize.Height - subData.Height;//行

var jMax = searchLeftTop.X + searchSize.Width - subData.Width;//列

int smallOffsetX = 0, smallOffsetY = 0;

int smallStartX = 0, smallStartY = 0;

int pointX = -1; int pointY = -1;

for (int i = searchLeftTop.Y; i < iMax; i++)

{

for (int j = searchLeftTop.X; j < jMax; j++)

{

//大图x，y坐标处的颜色值

int x = j, y = i;

int parIndex = i * parWidth * 4 + j * 4;

var colorBig = System.Drawing.Color.FromArgb(byteArraryPar[parIndex + 3], byteArraryPar[parIndex + 2], byteArraryPar[parIndex + 1], byteArraryPar[parIndex]);

;

if (ColorAEqualColorB(colorBig, startPixelColor, errorRange))

{

smallStartX = x - smallOffsetX;//待找的图X坐标

smallStartY = y - smallOffsetY;//待找的图Y坐标

int sum = 0;//所有需要比对的有效点

int matchNum = 0;//成功匹配的点

for (int m = 0; m < subHeight; m++)

{

for (int n = 0; n < subWidth; n++)

{

int x1 = n, y1 = m;

int subIndex = m * subWidth * 4 + n * 4;

var color = System.Drawing.Color.FromArgb(byteArrarySub[subIndex + 3], byteArrarySub[subIndex + 2], byteArrarySub[subIndex + 1], byteArrarySub[subIndex]);

sum++;

int x2 = smallStartX + x1, y2 = smallStartY + y1;

int parReleativeIndex = y2 * parWidth * 4 + x2 * 4;//比对大图对应的像素点的颜色

var colorPixel = System.Drawing.Color.FromArgb(byteArraryPar[parReleativeIndex + 3], byteArraryPar[parReleativeIndex + 2], byteArraryPar[parReleativeIndex + 1], byteArraryPar[parReleativeIndex]);

if (ColorAEqualColorB(colorPixel, color, errorRange))

{

matchNum++;

}

}

}

if ((double)matchNum / sum >= matchRate)

{

Console.WriteLine((double)matchNum / sum);

pointX = smallStartX + (int)(subWidth / 2.0);

pointY = smallStartY + (int)(subHeight / 2.0);

var point = new System.Drawing.Point(pointX, pointY);

if (!ListContainsPoint(ListPoint, point, 10))

{

ListPoint.Add(point);

}

if (!isFindAll)

{

goto FIND_END;

}

}

}

//小图x1,y1坐标处的颜色值

}

}

FIND_END:

subBitmap.UnlockBits(subData);

parBitmap.UnlockBits(parData);

subBitmap.Dispose();

parBitmap.Dispose();

GC.Collect();

return ListPoint;

}

#endregion

找字：

找字比较困难了呢，因为文字是一种镂空的图像，不像上述找的是非镂空图像，代码：

定义结构体：

1         struct NumBody
2         {
3             public int num;//数字
4             public int matchNum;//匹配的个数
5             public int matchSum;
6             public double matchRate;//匹配度
7             public System.Drawing.Point point;
8             public List<System.Drawing.Point> bodyCollectionPoint;//该数字所有像素在大图中的坐标
9         }

1    #region 找字
2
3         /// <summary>
4         /// 找文字，镂空的图片文字
5         /// </summary>
6         /// <param name="subPic"></param>
7         /// <param name="parPic"></param>
8         /// <param name="searchRect"></param>
9         /// <param name="errorRange"></param>
10         /// <param name="matchRate"></param>
11         /// <param name="isFindAll"></param>
12         /// <returns></returns>
13         List<NumBody> FindText(string subPic, string parPic, System.Drawing.Rectangle searchRect, byte errorRange, double matchRate = 0.9, bool isFindAll = false)
14         {
15
16             List<NumBody> ListPoint = new List<NumBody>();
17             var subBitmap = new Bitmap(subPic);
18             var parBitmap = new Bitmap(parPic);
19             int subWidth = subBitmap.Width;
20             int subHeight = subBitmap.Height;
21             int parWidth = parBitmap.Width;
22             int parHeight = parBitmap.Height;
23             var bgColor = subBitmap.GetPixel(0, 0);//背景红色
24             if (searchRect.IsEmpty)
25             {
26                 searchRect = new System.Drawing.Rectangle(0, 0, parBitmap.Width, parBitmap.Height);
27             }
28             var searchLeftTop = searchRect.Location;
29             var searchSize = searchRect.Size;
30             var subData = subBitmap.LockBits(new System.Drawing.Rectangle(0, 0, subBitmap.Width, subBitmap.Height), ImageLockMode.ReadOnly, System.Drawing.Imaging.PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb);
31             var parData = parBitmap.LockBits(new System.Drawing.Rectangle(0, 0, parBitmap.Width, parBitmap.Height), ImageLockMode.ReadOnly, System.Drawing.Imaging.PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb);
32             var byteArrarySub = new byte[subData.Stride * subData.Height];
33             var byteArraryPar = new byte[parData.Stride * parData.Height];
34             Marshal.Copy(subData.Scan0, byteArrarySub, 0, subData.Stride * subData.Height);
35             Marshal.Copy(parData.Scan0, byteArraryPar, 0, parData.Stride * parData.Height);
36             var iMax = searchLeftTop.Y + searchSize.Height - subData.Height;//行
37             var jMax = searchLeftTop.X + searchSize.Width - subData.Width;//列
38             System.Drawing.Color startPixelColor = System.Drawing.Color.FromArgb(0, 0, 0);
39             int smallOffsetX = 0, smallOffsetY = 0;
40             int smallStartX = 0, smallStartY = 0;
41             int pointX = -1; int pointY = -1;
42
43
44             for (int m = 0; m < subHeight; m++)
45             {
46                 for (int n = 0; n < subWidth; n++)
47                 {
48                     smallOffsetX = n;
49                     smallOffsetY = m;
50                     int subIndex = m * subWidth * 4 + n * 4;
51                     var color = System.Drawing.Color.FromArgb(byteArrarySub[subIndex + 3], byteArrarySub[subIndex + 2], byteArrarySub[subIndex + 1], byteArrarySub[subIndex]);
52                     if (!ColorAEqualColorB(color, bgColor, errorRange))
53                     {
54                         startPixelColor = color;
55                         goto END;
56                     }
57                 }
58             }
59
60         END:
61             for (int i = searchLeftTop.Y; i < iMax; i++)
62             {
63                 for (int j = searchLeftTop.X; j < jMax; j++)
64                 {
65                     //大图x，y坐标处的颜色值
66                     int x = j, y = i;
67                     int parIndex = i * parWidth * 4 + j * 4;
68                     var colorBig = System.Drawing.Color.FromArgb(byteArraryPar[parIndex + 3], byteArraryPar[parIndex + 2], byteArraryPar[parIndex + 1], byteArraryPar[parIndex]);
69                     ;
70
71                     List<System.Drawing.Point> myListPoint = new List<System.Drawing.Point>();
72                     if (ColorAEqualColorB(colorBig, startPixelColor, errorRange))
73                     {
74                         smallStartX = x - smallOffsetX;//待找的图X坐标
75                         smallStartY = y - smallOffsetY;//待找的图Y坐标
76                         int sum = 0;//所有需要比对的有效点
77                         int matchNum = 0;//成功匹配的点
78                         for (int m = 0; m < subHeight; m++)
79                         {
80                             for (int n = 0; n < subWidth; n++)
81                             {
82                                 int x1 = n, y1 = m;
83                                 int subIndex = m * subWidth * 4 + n * 4;
84                                 var color = System.Drawing.Color.FromArgb(byteArrarySub[subIndex + 3], byteArrarySub[subIndex + 2], byteArrarySub[subIndex + 1], byteArrarySub[subIndex]);
85                                 if (color != bgColor)
86                                 {
87                                     sum++;
88                                     int x2 = smallStartX + x1, y2 = smallStartY + y1;
89                                     int parReleativeIndex = y2 * parWidth * 4 + x2 * 4;//比对大图对应的像素点的颜色
90                                     var colorPixel = System.Drawing.Color.FromArgb(byteArraryPar[parReleativeIndex + 3], byteArraryPar[parReleativeIndex + 2], byteArraryPar[parReleativeIndex + 1], byteArraryPar[parReleativeIndex]);
91                                     if (ColorAEqualColorB(colorPixel, color, errorRange))
92                                     {
93                                         matchNum++;
94                                     }
95                                     myListPoint.Add(new System.Drawing.Point(x2, y2));
96                                 }
97                             }
98                         }
99
100                         double rate = (double)matchNum / sum;
101                         if (rate>= matchRate)
102                         {
103                             Console.WriteLine((double)matchNum / sum);
104                             pointX = smallStartX + (int)(subWidth / 2.0);
105                             pointY = smallStartY + (int)(subHeight / 2.0);
106                             var point = new System.Drawing.Point(pointX, pointY);
107                             if (!ListTextBodyContainsPoint(ListPoint, point, 1))
108                             {
109                                 ListPoint.Add(new NumBody() { point = point, matchNum = matchNum,matchSum=sum, matchRate = rate, bodyCollectionPoint = myListPoint });
110                             }
111                             SearchNumbersByMatchNum(ref ListPoint);
112                             if (!isFindAll)
113                             {
114                                 goto FIND_END;
115                             }
116                         }
117                     }
118                     //小图x1,y1坐标处的颜色值
119                 }
120             }
121         FIND_END:
122             subBitmap.UnlockBits(subData);
123             parBitmap.UnlockBits(parData);
124             subBitmap.Dispose();
125             parBitmap.Dispose();
126             GC.Collect();
127             return ListPoint;
128         }

特别注意：有了这个方法还是不能找到你要的文字的。要先处理文字，下面举例：

例如在这张图片上找到朋友的朋字的坐标位置：



1：打开你的PS，先将图片放大，看到像素方块为止，然后将朋字的范围圈选住，注意稍微比字圈选的大一点，像这样：



2：按住CTRL+C，然后CTRL+N，出现对话框：(教教大家使用PS^_^)



3：将背景内容选择透明，按确定，再按CTRL+V复制图像



4:将这个图片放大到看到像素为止，将所有非字体的位置全部用铅笔工具涂上同一种颜色，



5:涂完了之后将这张图片保存下来，这张图片就是我们要查找的“朋”字，图片是这样的



6：我们需要的就是第五步的图片和第一张底图，下面见证奇迹的时刻到了。

1          string str1 = @"C:\Users\JimmyBright\Desktop\1.png";
2             string str2 = @"C:\Users\JimmyBright\Desktop\2.png";
3             var xx = FindText(str2,str1,new System.Drawing.Rectangle(0, 0, 400, 600),10);

str1是我们的底图，str2是第五步的那张处理后的文字图片，xx就是我们最后需要的文字的位置坐标，我们运行看看。下面截图运行结果：





显然最后我们查找的文字在图片中的坐标为(224,286)，大家可以下载那张图片验证

找数：

　　你以为找到文字就算完了吗？No，找数字才是最困难的，为什么呢？有人会问，数字难道不也是文字吗，不也可以通过PS处理数字达到查找其位置的目的吗？对的，数字也是文字，我们将需要查找的数字0~9全部PS处理，就能查到它们的位置了。但是有一个问题啊，游戏中用数字表示的地方通常是一连串的数字，这些数字里面包含0~9的任意组合。所以我们需要这样处理：

　　我们从0~9依次查找指定区域，记录每次查找的结果，没查到的数字不必记录，对查到结果的数字再按照X坐标排序，因为在X坐标越小，数字越靠左边。

还有一个严重的问题，例如38,14，这样的数字会很讨厌，为什么呢，我们会再8当中查找3，在4当中查找到1，这会对我们的数字识别产生重大误差，所以下面我也写了一个方法对这个问题做了处理，代码：

1     #region 查找数字
2
3         /// <summary>
4         /// 在指定区域里面查找数字
5         /// </summary>
6         /// <param name="numDic"></param>
7         /// <param name="parPic"></param>
8         /// <param name="searchRect"></param>
9         /// <param name="errorRange"></param>
10         /// <returns></returns>
11         int FindNumbers(Dictionary<int, string> numDic, string parPic, System.Drawing.Rectangle searchRect, byte errorRange=8, double matchRate = 0.9)
12         {
13             //同一个区域找到多个相同的图片
14             List<NumBody> ListBody = new List<NumBody>();
15             foreach (var item in numDic)
16             {
17                 var listPoint = FindText(item.Value, parPic, searchRect, errorRange, matchRate, true);
18                 foreach (var point in listPoint)
19                 {
20                     ListBody.Add(new NumBody() { num = item.Key,matchNum=point.matchNum,matchSum=point.matchSum, matchRate=point.matchRate, point = point.point, bodyCollectionPoint = point.bodyCollectionPoint });
21                 }
22             }
23
24             SearchNumbersByMatchNum(ref ListBody);
25             var myList = from body in ListBody orderby body.point.X ascending select body;
26             string number = "0";
27             foreach (var item in myList)
28             {
29                 number += item.num;
30             }
31             int num = Int32.Parse(number);
32             return num;
33         }
34        /// <summary>
35        /// 搜索同一个数字的时候，出现重叠的地方，用匹配度去过滤掉匹配度低的
36        /// 比如同样是1，在控制匹配度允许下，一个（83,95）和（84,95）这两个点明显是同一个数字
37        /// 此时谁的匹配度低过滤掉谁
38        /// </summary>
39        /// <param name="ListBody"></param>
40         void SearchNumbersByMatchNum(ref List<NumBody> ListBody)
41         {
42             bool isValid = true;
43             for (int i = 0; i < ListBody.Count; i++)
44             {
45                 var body = ListBody[i];
46
47                 for (int j = i; j < ListBody.Count; j++)
48                 {
49
50                     var bodyX = ListBody[j];
51                     if (!bodyX.Equals(body))
52                     {
53                         int sameNum = 0;
54                         foreach (var item in body.bodyCollectionPoint)
55                         {
56                             if (bodyX.bodyCollectionPoint.Contains(item))
57                             {
58                                 sameNum++;
59                             }
60                         }
61                         if (sameNum >= 1)//有1个以上点重合，表面图像重叠，删除像素点数少的图像
62                         {
63                             isValid = false;
64
65                             //如果某个数字100%匹配，那就不用比较了，这个数字肯定是对的
66                             double maxRate = 1;
67                             if (bodyX.matchRate >= maxRate)
68                             {
69                                 ListBody.Remove(body);
70                             }
71                             else if (body.matchRate>=maxRate)
72                             {
73                                 ListBody.Remove(bodyX);
74                             }
75                             else
76                             {
77                                 if (bodyX.matchNum >= body.matchNum)//图像包含的所有像素个数
78                                 {
79                                     ListBody.Remove(body);
80                                 }
81                                 else
82                                 {
83                                     ListBody.Remove(bodyX);
84                                 }
85                             }
86                             SearchNumbersByMatchNum(ref ListBody);
87                         }
88                     }
89                 }
90             }
91             if (isValid)
92             {
93                 return;
94             }
95         }
96
97         #endregion

其他方法：

1    bool ColorAEqualColorB(System.Drawing.Color colorA, System.Drawing.Color colorB, byte errorRange = 10)
2         {
3             return colorA.A <= colorB.A + errorRange && colorA.A >= colorB.A - errorRange &&
4                 colorA.R <= colorB.R + errorRange && colorA.R >= colorB.R - errorRange &&
5                 colorA.G <= colorB.G + errorRange && colorA.G >= colorB.G - errorRange &&
6                 colorA.B <= colorB.B + errorRange && colorA.B >= colorB.B - errorRange;
7
8         }
9         bool ListContainsPoint(List<System.Drawing.Point> listPoint, System.Drawing.Point point, double errorRange = 10)
10         {
11             bool isExist = false;
12             foreach (var item in listPoint)
13             {
14                 if (item.X <= point.X + errorRange && item.X >= point.X - errorRange && item.Y <= point.Y + errorRange && item.Y >= point.Y - errorRange)
15                 {
16                     isExist = true;
17                 }
18             }
19             return isExist;
20         }
21         bool ListTextBodyContainsPoint(List<NumBody> listPoint, System.Drawing.Point point, double errorRange = 10)
22         {
23             bool isExist = false;
24             foreach (var item in listPoint)
25             {
26
27                 if (item.point.X <= point.X + errorRange && item.point.X >= point.X - errorRange && item.point.Y <= point.Y + errorRange && item.point.Y >= point.Y - errorRange)
28                 {
29                     isExist = true;
30                 }
31             }
32             return isExist;
33         }

结束语：以上代码本人实现了找颜色，找图片，找文字，找数字的所有功能，希望对朋友们能有所帮助。

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