thinking in java——接口

创建抽象类和抽象方法非常有用，因为它们可以使类的抽象性明确起来，并告诉用户和编译器打算怎样来使用它们。
当要实现一个接口时，在接口中被定义的方法必须是public的

java SE5的Scanner类的构造器接受一个Readable接口，创建一个实现了Readerable接口的类，可以使用Scanner作用于它。Readerable接口要求使用read()方法。

public class RandomWords implements Readable {
private static Random rand = new Random(47);
private static final char[] capitals =
"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ".toCharArray();
private static final char[] lowers =
"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz".toCharArray();
private static final char[] vowels =
"aeiou".toCharArray();
private int count;
public RandomWords(int count) { this.count = count; }
public int read(CharBuffer cb) {
if(count-- == 0)
return -1; // Indicates end of input
cb.append(capitals[rand.nextInt(capitals.length)]);
for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
cb.append(vowels[rand.nextInt(vowels.length)]);
cb.append(lowers[rand.nextInt(lowers.length)]);
}
cb.append(" ");
return 10; // Number of characters appended
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner s = new Scanner(new RandomWords(10));
while(s.hasNext())
System.out.println(s.next());
}
} /* Output:
Yazeruyac
Fowenucor
Goeazimom
Raeuuacio
Nuoadesiw
Hageaikux
Ruqicibui
Numasetih
Kuuuuozog
Waqizeyoy
*///:~

如果一个类并未使用Readerable接口，可以使用适配器设计模式来进行伪多重继承，生成新类

public class RandomDoubles {
private static Random rand = new Random(47);
public double next() { return rand.nextDouble(); }
public static void main(String[] args) {
RandomDoubles rd = new RandomDoubles();
for(int i = 0; i < 7; i ++)
System.out.print(rd.next() + " ");
}
} /* Output:
0.7271157860730044 0.5309454508634242 0.16020656493302599 0.18847866977771732 0.5166020801268457 0.2678662084200585 0.2613610344283964
*///:~

public class AdaptedRandomDoubles extends RandomDoubles
implements Readable {
private int count;
public AdaptedRandomDoubles(int count) {
this.count = count;
}
public int read(CharBuffer cb) {
if(count-- == 0)
return -1;
String result = Double.toString(next()) + " ";
cb.append(result);
return result.length();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner s = new Scanner(new AdaptedRandomDoubles(7));
while(s.hasNextDouble())
System.out.print(s.nextDouble() + " ");
}
} /* Output:
0.7271157860730044 0.5309454508634242 0.16020656493302599 0.18847866977771732 0.5166020801268457 0.2678662084200585 0.2613610344283964
*///:~

接口中的域是static final的，可以被非常量表达式初始化