CentOS 7下使用yum工具安装MySQL 5.7数据库
2017-09-12 19:16
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CentOS 7下使用yum工具安装MySQL 5.7数据库
实验环境
操作系统：CentOS Linux release 7.3.1611 (Core) 数据库系统： MySQL 5.7.19 IP： 192.168.230.134
MySQL下载
直接使用yum安装mysql包，发现无法正常安装，提示已经安装了mariadb-server数据库，这是因为我的操作系统在安装的时候自动安装了这个数据库，需要先将此数据库卸载[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install mysql-community-server.x86_64 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.btte.net * epel: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.163.com * updates: centos.ustc.edu.cn Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package mariadb-server.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7 will be obsoleted --> Processing Dependency: mariadb-server for package: akonadi-mysql-1.9.2-4.el7.x86_64 ---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.19-1.el7 will be obsoleting --> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 5.7.19-1.el7 for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7 will be obsoleted ---> Package mariadb-server.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7 will be obsoleted --> Processing Dependency: mariadb-server for package: akonadi-mysql-1.9.2-4.el7.x86_64 ---> Package mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.19-1.el7 will be obsoleting --> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-libs(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 for package: mysql-community-client-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64 ---> Package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.19-1.el7 will be installed --> Running transaction check ---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7 will be obsoleted --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) for package: perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-5.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) for package: 1:qt-mysql-4.8.5-13.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) for package: perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-5.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) for package: 1:qt-mysql-4.8.5-13.el7.x86_64 ---> Package mariadb-server.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7 will be obsoleted --> Processing Dependency: mariadb-server for package: akonadi-mysql-1.9.2-4.el7.x86_64 ---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.19-1.el7 will be obsoleting --> Running transaction check ---> Package mariadb-server.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7 will be obsoleted --> Processing Dependency: mariadb-server for package: akonadi-mysql-1.9.2-4.el7.x86_64 ---> Package mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:5.7.19-1.el7 will be obsoleting --> Finished Dependency Resolution Error: Package: akonadi-mysql-1.9.2-4.el7.x86_64 (@anaconda) Requires: mariadb-server Removing: 1:mariadb-server-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64 (@anaconda) mariadb-server = 1:5.5.52-1.el7 Obsoleted By: mysql-community-server-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64 (mysql57-community) Not found You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem You could try running: rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest
使用yum 命令先卸载掉mariadb
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum -y remove mariadb-libs.x86_64 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7 will be erased --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) for package: perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-5.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) for package: 1:qt-mysql-4.8.5-13.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) for package: perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-5.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) for package: 1:qt-mysql-4.8.5-13.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: mariadb-libs(x86-64) = 1:5.5.52-1.el7 for package: 1:mariadb-server-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: mariadb-libs(x86-64) = 1:5.5.52-1.el7 for package: 1:mariadb-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7 will be erased ---> Package mariadb-server.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7 will be erased --> Processing Dependency: mariadb-server for package: akonadi-mysql-1.9.2-4.el7.x86_64 ---> Package perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:4.023-5.el7 will be erased ---> Package postfix.x86_64 2:2.10.1-6.el7 will be erased ---> Package qt-mysql.x86_64 1:4.8.5-13.el7 will be erased --> Running transaction check ---> Package akonadi-mysql.x86_64 0:1.9.2-4.el7 will be erased --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ======================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ======================================================================================== Removing: mariadb-libs x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7 @anaconda 4.4 M Removing for dependencies: akonadi-mysql x86_64 1.9.2-4.el7 @anaconda 9.6 k mariadb x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7 @anaconda 48 M mariadb-server x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7 @anaconda 56 M perl-DBD-MySQL x86_64 4.023-5.el7 @anaconda 323 k postfix x86_64 2:2.10.1-6.el7 @anaconda 12 M qt-mysql x86_64 1:4.8.5-13.el7 @anaconda 74 k Transaction Summary =========================================================== 4000 ============================= Remove 1 Package (+6 Dependent packages) Installed size: 121 M Downloading packages: Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Erasing : akonadi-mysql-1.9.2-4.el7.x86_64 1/7 Erasing : 1:mariadb-server-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64 2/7 Erasing : 1:mariadb-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64 3/7 Erasing : perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-5.el7.x86_64 4/7 Erasing : 1:qt-mysql-4.8.5-13.el7.x86_64 5/7 Erasing : 2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64 6/7 Erasing : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64 7/7 Verifying : 1:mariadb-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64 1/7 Verifying : 1:mariadb-server-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64 2/7 Verifying : akonadi-mysql-1.9.2-4.el7.x86_64 3/7 Verifying : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64 4/7 Verifying : 1:qt-mysql-4.8.5-13.el7.x86_64 5/7 Verifying : 2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64 6/7 Verifying : perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-5.el7.x86_64 7/7 Removed: mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7 Dependency Removed: akonadi-mysql.x86_64 0:1.9.2-4.el7 mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7 mariadb-server.x86_64 1:5.5.52-1.el7 perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:4.023-5.el7 postfix.x86_64 2:2.10.1-6.el7 qt-mysql.x86_64 1:4.8.5-13.el7 Complete!
再执行MySQL安装，即可正常安装
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install mysql-community-server.x86_64 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.btte.net * epel: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.163.com * updates: centos.ustc.edu.cn Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.19-1.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 5.7.19-1.el7 for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.19-1.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-libs(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 for package: mysql-community-client-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64 ---> Package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.19-1.el7 will be installed --> Running transaction check ---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.19-1.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ======================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ======================================================================================== Installing: mysql-community-server x86_64 5.7.19-1.el7 mysql57-community 164 M Installing for dependencies: mysql-community-client x86_64 5.7.19-1.el7 mysql57-community 24 M mysql-community-common x86_64 5.7.19-1.el7 mysql57-community 272 k mysql-community-libs x86_64 5.7.19-1.el7 mysql57-community 2.1 M Transaction Summary ======================================================================================== Install 1 Package (+3 Dependent packages) Total download size: 190 M Installed size: 856 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql57-community/packages/mysql-community-common-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY Public key for mysql-community-common-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed (1/4): mysql-community-common-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 272 kB 00:00:03 (2/4): mysql-community-libs-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 2.1 MB 00:00:06 (3/4): mysql-community-client-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 24 MB 00:06:55 (4/4): mysql-community-server-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 164 MB 00:31:35 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 102 kB/s | 190 MB 31:44 Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql Importing GPG key 0x5072E1F5: Userid : "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>" Fingerprint: a4a9 4068 76fc bd3c 4567 70c8 8c71 8d3b 5072 e1f5 Package : mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch (installed) From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql Is this ok [y/N]: y Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : mysql-community-common-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64 1/4 Installing : mysql-community-libs-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64 2/4 Installing : mysql-community-client-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64 3/4 Installing : mysql-community-server-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64 4/4 Verifying : mysql-community-libs-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64 1/4 Verifying : mysql-community-common-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64 2/4 Verifying : mysql-community-client-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64 3/4 Verifying : mysql-community-server-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64 4/4 Installed: mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.19-1.el7 Dependency Installed: mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.19-1.el7 mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.19-1.el7 mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.19-1.el7 Complete!
安装拓展包
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install mysql-community-devel.x86_64 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.btte.net * epel: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.163.com * updates: centos.ustc.edu.cn Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package mysql-community-devel.x86_64 0:5.7.19-1.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ======================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ======================================================================================== Installing: mysql-community-devel x86_64 5.7.19-1.el7 mysql57-community 3.6 M Transaction Summary ======================================================================================== Install 1 Package Total download size: 3.6 M Installed size: 21 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: mysql-community-devel-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 3.6 MB 00:00:11 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : mysql-community-devel-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : mysql-community-devel-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64 1/1 Installed: mysql-community-devel.x86_64 0:5.7.19-1.el7 Complete!
MySQL初始化配置
启动mysqld服务，并设为开机自动启动[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# systemctl start mysqld.service [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# systemctl enable mysqld.service
这时想进入mysql的时候碰到问题
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES) [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO) [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mysql -uroot ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
经过查文档发现这是由于没有在user表中写入用户信息，只能使用不启动授权表的启动方式：
修改my.cnf配置
[root@localhost etc]# vim /etc/my.cnf # For advice on how to change settings please see # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html [mysqld] # # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%. # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M # # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging # changes to the binary log between backups. # log_bin # # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers. # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs. # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values. # join_buffer_size = 128M # sort_buffer_size = 2M # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid skip-grant-tables
重启MySQL服务
[root@localhost etc]# systemctl restart mysqld
进入数据库，修改user表
[root@localhost etc]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.19 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> update user set password=password("oracle") where user="root";
ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column 'password' in 'field list'此时居然发现字段无法修改，经查，这是由于5.7版本user表的字段名做了变更
查询user表的字段：
mysql> mysql> select * from user\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Host: localhost User: root Select_priv: Y Insert_priv: Y Update_priv: Y Delete_priv: Y Create_priv: Y Drop_priv: Y Reload_priv: Y Shutdown_priv: Y Process_priv: Y File_priv: Y Grant_priv: Y References_priv: Y Index_priv: Y Alter_priv: Y Show_db_priv: Y Super_priv: Y Create_tmp_table_priv: Y Lock_tables_priv: Y Execute_priv: Y Repl_slave_priv: Y Repl_client_priv: Y Create_view_priv: Y Show_view_priv: Y Create_routine_priv: Y Alter_routine_priv: Y Create_user_priv: Y Event_priv: Y Trigger_priv: Y Create_tablespace_priv: Y ssl_type: ssl_cipher: x509_issuer: x509_subject: max_questions: 0 max_updates: 0 max_connections: 0 max_user_connections: 0 plugin: mysql_native_password authentication_string: *689264C0FE373E6ABF78817EDA7C01C7F9877BA1 password_expired: Y password_last_changed: 2017-09-12 22:53:42 password_lifetime: NULL account_locked: N *************************** 2. row *************************** Host: localhost User: mysql.session Select_priv: N Insert_priv: N Update_priv: N Delete_priv: N Create_priv: N Drop_priv: N Reload_priv: N Shutdown_priv: N Process_priv: N File_priv: N Grant_priv: N References_priv: N Index_priv: N Alter_priv: N Show_db_priv: N Super_priv: Y Create_tmp_table_priv: N Lock_tables_priv: N Execute_priv: N Repl_slave_priv: N Repl_client_priv: N Create_view_priv: N Show_view_priv: N Create_routine_priv: N Alter_routine_priv: N Create_user_priv: N Event_priv: N Trigger_priv: N Create_tablespace_priv: N ssl_type: ssl_cipher: x509_issuer: x509_subject: max_questions: 0 max_updates: 0 max_connections: 0 max_user_connections: 0 plugin: mysql_native_password authentication_string: *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE password_expired: N password_last_changed: 2017-09-12 22:53:42 password_lifetime: NULL account_locked: Y *************************** 3. row *************************** Host: localhost User: mysql.sys Select_priv: N Insert_priv: N Update_priv: N Delete_priv: N Create_priv: N Drop_priv: N Reload_priv: N Shutdown_priv: N Process_priv: N File_priv: N Grant_priv: N References_priv: N Index_priv: N Alter_priv: N Show_db_priv: N Super_priv: N Create_tmp_table_priv: N Lock_tables_priv: N Execute_priv: N Repl_slave_priv: N Repl_client_priv: N Create_view_priv: N Show_view_priv: N Create_routine_priv: N Alter_routine_priv: N Create_user_priv: N Event_priv: N Trigger_priv: N Create_tablespace_priv: N ssl_type: ssl_cipher: x509_issuer: x509_subject: max_questions: 0 max_updates: 0 max_connections: 0 max_user_connections: 0 plugin: mysql_native_password authentication_string: *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE password_expired: N password_last_changed: 2017-09-12 22:53:42 password_lifetime: NULL account_locked: Y 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
可知道password字段已经变成了authentication_string字段，对我们的代码稍作修改即可：
mysql> update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('oracle') where user='root' ;
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 1刷新系统权限并退出
mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> quit Bye
改回my.cnf配置并重启服务
[root@localhost etc]# vim my.cnf [root@localhost etc]# systemctl restart mysqld
这是再次进入MySQL发现还是有问题
[root@localhost etc]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.7.19
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases
-> ;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
mysql> set password=password('oracle');
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements查文档后发现原来MySQL 5.7在安装后会自动启动密码限制进程，密码必须有一定复杂度，即包含大小写和数字，如’MyNewPass4!’，我给出的密码oracle显然不符合标准
由于只是测试环境，我不希望用复杂的密码，所以只能去修改密码限制了：
mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> set global validate_password_length=1; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> set global validate_password_mixed_case_count=2; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
这时再去修改密码即可
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'oracle'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> quit Bye
此时MySQL数据库正式配置完成
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