freeswitch注册过程分析

操作系统：debian8.5_x64
freeswitch 版本 ： 1.6.8

本文仅描述sip注册的简单场景，即话机直接向处于同一个局域网的fs进行注册。

SIP协议的消息结构

消息框架

SIP协议是基于文本的协议，SIP协议的消息都遵从一个统一的消息结构： 起始行（Start-Line）、一个或多个头域（Message-Header）、表明域结束的空行（CRLF），以及 可选的消息体（Message-Body）

Start-Line * Message-Header CRLF [Message-Body]

消息头结构

SIP协议定义了大量的消息头域，但在一个基本SIP请求中至少应该包含以下几个消息体头域：

From ： 请求发起端地址
To : 请求目的端地址
Call-ID ： 呼叫标识
Contract ：联系人信息
CSeq ： 消息序号
Max-Forward ：TTL，防止死循环
Via ： 消息转发记录
Content-Length : 消息体长度

消息体结构

SIP协议并没有规定消息体的结构，对消息体的应用完全取决于应用自身。

sip协议REGISTER请求格式

01  REGISTER sip:{remote_ip} SIP/2.0
02 Via: {viaInfo} 03  Max-Forwards: 70
04 From: {uacInfo} 05 To: {uasInfo} 06  Call-ID: {call_id} 07  User-Agent: {uaInfo} 08 CSeq: {csnum} 09 Contact: {contractInfo} 10 Expires: {expireSeconds} 11 Authorization: {authInfo} 12  Content-Length: {msgBodyLength}

第1行的REGISTER表示这是一条注册消息

第2行的via表示sip消息的路由

第3行指出消息最多可以转发多少次，防止死循环

第4行至第9行参考前面的消息头结构

第10行说明本次注册的有效期，单位为秒

第11行是sip认证信息，发送第一次sip register 请求时没有该字段

第12行sip消息体的长度，一般为0

注册流程

终端向服务器发送REGISTER请求

sip消息示例：

REGISTER sip:192.168.168.85 SIP/2.0 Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.168.168.168:25338;branch=z9hG4bK-d87543-1a71103b47634958-1--d87543-;rport Max-Forwards: 70 Contact: <sip:1000@192.168.168.168:25338;rinstance=196b0ce810f2e6f5> To: "1000"<sip:1000@192.168.168.85> From: "1000"<sip:1000@192.168.168.85>;tag=2d1fbf20 Call-ID: ZTRiYTBhZmVlYTM1ZDkxOWQ3OWNkNjkwMmYxMWI5Yjk. CSeq: 1 REGISTER Expires: 3600 Allow: INVITE, ACK, CANCEL, OPTIONS, BYE, REFER, NOTIFY, MESSAGE, SUBSCRIBE, INFO User-Agent: eyeBeam release 1010f stamp 39239 Content-Length: 0

服务器回复401，并给出WWW-Authenticate信息

sofia协议栈：
tport :
tport_recv_event
=> tport_deliver
nta :
agent_recv_request
=> agent_aliases
nua :
nua_stack_process_request

sofia 应用层：
sofia_reg_handle_sip_i_register
=> sofia_reg_handle_register_token
=> sofia_reg_auth_challenge (回复401)

sip消息示例：

SIP/2.0 401 Unauthorized Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.168.168.168:25338;branch=z9hG4bK-d87543-1a71103b47634958-1--d87543-;rport=25338 From: "1000" <sip:1000@192.168.168.85>;tag=2d1fbf20 To: "1000" <sip:1000@192.168.168.85>;tag=m6ecFK1Fy3F0a Call-ID: ZTRiYTBhZmVlYTM1ZDkxOWQ3OWNkNjkwMmYxMWI5Yjk. CSeq: 1 REGISTER User-Agent: FreeSWITCH-mod_sofia/1.6.8+git~20160505T153832Z~99de0ad502~64bit Allow: INVITE, ACK, BYE, CANCEL, OPTIONS, MESSAGE, INFO, UPDATE, REGISTER, REFER, NOTIFY, PUBLISH, SUBSCRIBE Supported: timer, path, replaces WWW-Authenticate: Digest realm="192.168.168.85", nonce="d54e4bb9-fc22-4e08-8b69-442e1b8774eb", algorithm=MD5, qop="auth" Content-Length: 0

终端再次向服务器发送REGISTER请求，并携带认证信息

REGISTER sip:192.168.168.85 SIP/2.0 Via: SIP/2.0/UDP 192.168.168.168:25338;branch=z9hG4bK-d87543-6371fe0e115be271-1--d87543-;rport Max-Forwards: 70 Contact: <sip:1000@192.168.168.168:25338;rinstance=196b0ce810f2e6f5> To: "1000"<sip:1000@192.168.168.85> From: "1000"<sip:1000@192.168.168.85>;tag=2d1fbf20 Call-ID: ZTRiYTBhZmVlYTM1ZDkxOWQ3OWNkNjkwMmYxMWI5Yjk. CSeq: 2 REGISTER Expires: 3600 Allow: INVITE, ACK, CANCEL, OPTIONS, BYE, REFER, NOTIFY, MESSAGE, SUBSCRIBE, INFO User-Agent: eyeBeam release 1010f stamp 39239 Authorization: Digest username="1000",realm="192.168.168.85",nonce="d54e4bb9-fc22-4e08-8b69-442e1b8774eb",uri="sip:192.168.168.85",response="c46ae8e7eaa2ee63a1d61bf575d8c395",cnonce="71c1997e810fc38b53b97fbb33dc8b1e",nc=00000001,qop=auth,algorithm=MD5 Content-Length: 0

服务器认证后回复200

fs处理过程描述

sofia协议栈：

tport :
tport_recv_event
=> tport_deliver
nta :
agent_recv_request
=> agent_aliases
nua :
nua_stack_process_request

sofia应用层：

sofia_reg_handle_sip_i_register
=> sofia_reg_handle_register_token
=> sofia_reg_parse_auth (执行认证操作) for_the_sake_of_interop标签附近

认证成功后发送200 OK给客户端。

认证算法描述

具体的认证过程可以参考sofia_reg_parse_auth函数，这里描述下sip注册的认证算法。
sip注册认证使用的是www-authenticate认证算法，具体可参考RFC2617文档。下面进行简单的描述

对用户名、认证域(realm)以及密码的合并值计算 MD5 哈希值，结果称为 HA1。
对HTTP方法以及URI的摘要的合并值计算 MD5 哈希值，例如，"REGISTER" 和 "sip:192.168.1.80"，结果称为 HA2。
对 HA1、服务器密码随机数(nonce)、请求计数(nc)、客户端密码随机数(cnonce)、保护质量(qop)以及 HA2 的合并值计算 MD5 哈希值。结果即为客户端提供的 response 值。 response 值由三步计算而成。当多个数值合并的时候，使用冒号作为分割符。

计算HA1

HA1 = MD5(A1) = MD5(username:realm:password)

计算HA2

如果qop值为"auth"或未指定，那么HA2为

HA2 = MD5(A2) = MD5(method:digestURI)

如果qop值为"auth-init"，那么HA2为

HA2 = MD5(A2) = MD5(method:digestURI:MD5(entityBody))

计算response

如果qop值为"auth"或"auth-init"，那么response为

response = MD5(HA1:nonce:nonceCount:clientNonce:qop:HA2)

如果qop未知道，那么response为

response = MD5(HA1:nonce:HA2)

sip注册涉及数据库

sip_authentication

sip_registrations

注册过程模拟

python模拟注册过程

#! /usr/bin/env python #-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

# sip reg test  # E-Mail : Mike_Zhang@live.com

import sys,socket,time,traceback import uuid import hashlib svrIp,svrPort = "192.168.168.85",5060 transportType = "udp" localIp,localPort = "192.168.168.168",17061 uid,passwd = "1000","1234" g_branch,g_callId = uuid.uuid1(),uuid.uuid1() def getRegHeader(seqNum): retStr = "REGISTER sip:{remote_ip} SIP/2.0\r\n" retStr += "Via: SIP/2.0/{transport} {local_ip}:{local_port};branch={branch}\r\n" retStr += "Max-Forwards: 70\r\n" retStr += "From: {uid} <sip:{uid}@{remote_ip}:{remote_port}>;tag={call_number}\r\n" retStr += "To: {uid} <sip:{uid}@{remote_ip}:{remote_port}>\r\n" retStr += "Call-ID: {call_id}\r\n" retStr += "User-Agent: fs testing\r\n" retStr += "CSeq: %d REGISTER\r\n"%seqNum retStr += "Contact: sip:{uid}@{local_ip}:{local_port}\r\n" retStr += "Expires: 3600\r\n"
return retStr def formatRegHeader(patternStr): retstr = patternStr.format( remote_ip=svrIp, transport=transportType, local_ip=localIp, local_port=localPort, branch=g_branch, uid=uid, remote_port=svrPort, call_number=uid, call_id=g_callId) return retstr class SipRegObj(object): def __init__(self,uid,passwd, realm="",nonce="",algorithm="MD5",qop="auth"): self.uid = uid # "1000"
self.password = passwd # "1234"
self.realm = realm self.nonce = nonce self.algorithm = algorithm self.qop = qop self.uri = "" self.method = "REGISTER" self.cnonce = "" self.nc = "00000001" self.svrIp = svrIp #self.transportType = "udp"

def getReponse(self): md5 = hashlib.md5 ha1 = md5("%s:%s:%s"%(self.uid,self.realm,self.password)).hexdigest() ha2 = md5("%s:%s"%(self.method,self.uri)).hexdigest() reponse = md5("%s:%s:%s:%s:%s:%s"%(ha1,self.nonce,self.nc,self.cnonce,self.qop,ha2)).hexdigest() return reponse def getAuthStr(self): self.uri,self.cnonce = ("sip:%s"%self.svrIp),uuid.uuid1() retStr = "" response = self.getReponse() retStr += 'Authorization: Digest username="%s",realm="%s",nonce="%s",uri="%s",response="%s",cnonce="%s",nc=%s,qop=%s,algorithm=%s\r\n'%( self.uid,self.realm,self.nonce,self.uri,response,self.cnonce,self.nc,self.qop,self.algorithm) retStr += 'Content-Length: 0\r\n'
return retStr def genChallengeMsg(self): # gen sip reg challenge message
str1=getRegHeader(1) + "Content-Length: 0\r\n"
return formatRegHeader(str1) def genAuthMsg(self,retstr1): # parse data
data1 = retstr1.split("\r\n")[-4].split(": Digest")[1] data1 = str(data1).replace('MD5','"MD5"') tmpList = data1.split(",") for item in tmpList : #print item
arrtmp = item.split("=") setattr(self,arrtmp[0].strip(),arrtmp[1].strip('"')) # gen sip reg message with auth
str2=getRegHeader(2) str2 = formatRegHeader(str2) str2 += self.getAuthStr() return str2 if __name__ == "__main__": treg = SipRegObj(uid,passwd) client = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) client.bind((localIp,localPort)) dstHost = (svrIp,svrPort) client.sendto(treg.genChallengeMsg(),dstHost) print time.time(),' : send success'

# get response (401 msg)
retstr1 = client.recv(1024) print retstr1 client.sendto(treg.genAuthMsg(retstr1),dstHost) print time.time(),' : send success' retstr2 = client.recv(1024) print "return str : \r\n",retstr2 time.sleep(30)

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本文github地址：

https://github.com/mike-zhang/mikeBlogEssays/blob/master/2016/20160912_freeswitch注册过程分析.md

欢迎补充