利用virsh和xml文件创建虚拟机

virsh命令来创建虚拟机步骤

# qemu-img create -f raw fdisk.img 10G
# qemu-img info fdisk.img

# sudo apt-get install qemu-kvm
# virsh define vm0.xml  //导入虚拟机配置
# virsh start vm0  //开启vm0
# virsh list --all  // 显示所有虚拟机状态
# virsh destroy vm0  //销毁虚拟机
# virsh undefine vm1  //删除虚拟机配置
# virsh dumpxml vm0 //显示虚拟机xml配置

虚拟机XML文件

<domain type='kvm'>  //如果是Xen，则type=‘xen’
<name>vm0</name> //虚拟机名称，同一物理机唯一
<uuid>fd3535db-2558-43e9-b067-314f48211343</uuid>  //同一物理机唯一，可用uuidgen生成
<memory>524288</memory>
<currentMemory>524288</currentMemory>  //memory这两个值最好设成一样
<vcpu>2</vcpu>            //虚拟机可使用的cpu个数，查看物理机可用CPU个数：cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep processor | wc -l
<os>
<type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-i440fx-vivid'>hvm</type> //arch指出系统架构类型，machine 则是机器类型，查看机器类型：qemu-system-x86_64 -M ?
<boot dev='hd'/>  //启动介质，第一次需要装系统可以选择cdrom光盘启动
<bootmenu enable='yes'/>  //表示启动按F12进入启动菜单
</os>
<features>
<acpi/>  //Advanced Configuration and Power Interface,高级配置与电源接口
<apic/>  //Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller,高级可编程中断控制器
<pae/>   //Physical Address Extension,物理地址扩展
</features>
<clock offset='localtime'/>  //虚拟机时钟设置，这里表示本地本机时间
<on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>  //突发事件动作
<on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
<on_crash>restart</on_crash>
<devices>   //设备配置
<emulator>/usr/bin/kvm</emulator> //如果是Xen则是/usr/lib/xen/binqemu-dm
<disk type='file' device='disk'> //硬盘
<driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
<source file='/opt/vm/vmdev/fdisk.img'/>
<target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/> //域、总线、槽、功能号，slot值同一虚拟机上唯一
</disk>
<disk type='file' device='disk'>
<driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
<source file='/opt/vm/vmdev/fdisk2.img'/>
<target dev='vdb' bus='virtio'/>
</disk>
<disk type='file' device='cdrom'>//光盘
<driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
<source file='/opt/vm/vmiso/ubuntu-15.10-server-amd64.iso'/>
<target dev='hdc' bus='ide'/>
<readonly/>
</disk>

/* 利用Linux网桥连接网络 */
<interface type='bridge'>
<mac address='fa:92:01:33:d4:fa'/>
<source bridge='br100'/>  //配置的网桥网卡名称
<target dev='vnet0'/>     //同一网桥下相同
<alias name='net0'/>      //别名，同一网桥下相同
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>  //注意slot值唯一
</interface>

/* 利用ovs网桥连接网络 */
<interface type='bridge'>
<source bridge='br-ovs0'/>
<virtualport type='openvswitch'/>
<target dev='tap0'/>
<model type='virtio'/>
</interface>

/* 配置成pci直通虚拟机连接网络，SR-IOV网卡的VF场景 */
<hostdev mode='subsystem' type='pci' managed='yes'>
<source>
<address domain='0x0000' bus='0x03' slot='0x00' function='0x0'/>
</source>
</hostdev>

/* 利用vhostuser连接ovs端口 */
<interface type='vhostuser'>
<mac address='fa:92:01:33:d4:fa'/>
<source type='unix' path='/var/run/vhost-user/tap0' mode='client'/>
<model type='virtio'/>
<driver vringbuf='2048'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
</interface>

<interface type='network'>   //基于虚拟局域网的网络
<mac address='52:54:4a:e1:1c:84'/>  //可用命令生成，见下面的补充
<source network='default'/> //默认
<target dev='vnet1'/>  //同一虚拟局域网的值相同
<alias name='net1'/>
<address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/>  //注意slot值
</interface>
<graphics type='vnc' port='5900' autoport='yes' listen='0.0.0.0' keymap='en-us'/>  //配置vnc，windows下可以使用vncviewer登录，获取vnc端口号：virsh vncdisplay vm0
<listen type='address' address='0.0.0.0'/>
</graphics>
</devices>
</domain>