C语言实现简单的停车场管理系统

问题描述：停车场是一个能放n辆车的狭长通道，只有一个大门，汽车按到达的先后次序停放。若车场满了，车要停在门外的便道上等候，一旦有车走，则便道上第一辆车进入。当停车场中的车离开时，由于通道窄，在它后面呢的车要先退出，待它走后再依次进入。汽车离开时按停放时间收费。

基本功能要求：

（1）建立三个数据结构分别是：停放队列、让路栈、等候队列。

（2）输入数据模拟管理过程，数据（入或出，车号）。

停车管理系统是C语言中队列和栈比较简单的应用，需要注意的是停车队列、等候队列、让路栈结构体的构建。在写代码时，出队列入栈和出栈入队列时，指针容易出错而造成段错误，应当注意。我所写的代码如下：

//定义结构体

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define F 0
#define T 1
#define MAX 3

typedef struct Node   //数据
{
int number;
int time;
}Node;

typedef struct QueueNode   //队列结点
{
struct Node infom;
struct QueueNode * next;
}*QueueNode;

typedef struct LinkQueue    //链队列
{
struct QueueNode * front;
struct QueueNode * rear;
}LinkQueue;

typedef struct stack         //栈结点
{
struct Node data;
struct stack *next;
}*StackNode;

typedef struct LinkStack     //链栈
{
StackNode top;
int count;
}LinkStack;

//函数实现

void menu(LinkQueue *wait,LinkQueue *park,LinkStack *giveway,int num,int t);//菜单
int init(LinkQueue *wait,LinkQueue *park,LinkStack *giveway);//初始化
int linklength(LinkQueue q);//查看长度
int enqueue(LinkQueue *q,int num,int t);//入队列
int dequeue(LinkQueue *q,int *num,int *t);//出队列
void park1(LinkQueue *wait,LinkQueue *park);//停车函数
int push(LinkStack *s,int num,int t);//入栈
int pop(LinkStack *s,int *num,int *t);//出栈
void leave2(LinkQueue *wait,LinkQueue *park,LinkStack *giveway,int num,int t);//离开函数
void view3(LinkQueue wait,LinkQueue park);//查看停车场状态

int main()
{
LinkQueue wait;
LinkQueue park;
LinkStack giveway;
int num = 0;
int t = 0;
init(&wait,&park,&giveway);
menu(&wait,&park,&giveway,num,t);
return 0;
}

int init(LinkQueue *wait,LinkQueue *park,LinkStack *giveway)
{
QueueNode newnode1 = (QueueNode)malloc(sizeof(struct QueueNode));
if(NULL == newnode1)
{
return F;
}
newnode1->next = NULL;
wait->front = newnode1;
wait->rear = newnode1;

QueueNode newnode2 = (QueueNode)malloc(sizeof(struct QueueNode));
if(NULL == newnode2)
{
return F;
}
newnode2->next = NULL;
park->front = newnode2;
park->rear = newnode2;

giveway->top = NULL;
giveway->count = 0;
}

void menu(LinkQueue *wait,LinkQueue *park,LinkStack *giveway,int num,int t)
{
printf("**********Welcome to our Car Parking !**********\n");
printf("**********  Please choose function    **********\n");
printf("**********         1 : park.          **********\n");
printf("**********         2 : leave.         **********\n");
printf("**********         3 : view.          **********\n");
printf("**********         4 : exit.          **********\n");
int option;
scanf("%d",&option);
switch(option)
{
case 1:{
park1(wait,park);
printf("停车完成！\n");
menu(wait,park,giveway,num,t);
break;
}
case 2:{
leave2(wait,park,giveway,num,t);
menu(wait,park,giveway,num,t);
break;
}
case 3:{
view3(*wait,*park);
menu(wait,park,giveway,num,t);
break;
}
case 4:{
printf("**********     欢迎再次使用，谢谢！   **********\n");
break;
}
default:{
printf("**********      请输入正确的指令！    **********\n");
menu(wait,park,giveway,num,t);
break;
}
}

}

int linklength(LinkQueue q)
{
int i = 0;
while(q.front != q.rear)
{
i++;
q.front = q.front->next;
}
return i;
}

int enqueue(LinkQueue *q,int num,int t)
{
QueueNode newnode = (QueueNode)malloc(sizeof(struct QueueNode));
if(NULL == newnode)
{
return F;
}
newnode->infom.number = num;
newnode->infom.time = t;
newnode->next = NULL;
q->rear->next = newnode;
q->rear = newnode;
return T;
}

int dequeue(LinkQueue *q,int *num,int *t)
{
if(q->front == q->rear)
{
printf("the queue is empty!\n");
return F;
}
*num = q->front->next->infom.number;
*t = q->front->next->infom.time;
QueueNode temp = q->front->next;
q->front->next = temp->next;
if(temp->next == NULL)
{
q->rear = q->front;
}
free(temp);
return T;
}

void park1(LinkQueue *wait,LinkQueue *park)
{
printf("请输入车号和停车时间\n");
int num,t;
scanf("%d,%d",&num,&t);
if(linklength(*park) >= MAX)
{
printf("停车场已满，进入等待区！\n");
enqueue(wait,num,t);
}
else
{
enqueue(park,num,t);
}
}

int push(LinkStack *s,int num,int t)
{
StackNode newnode = (StackNode)malloc(sizeof(struct stack));
if(NULL == newnode)
{
return F;
}
newnode->data.number = num;
newnode->data.time = t;
newnode->next = s->top;
s->top = newnode;
s->count++;
return T;
}

int pop(LinkStack *s,int *num,int *t)
{
if(0 == s->count)
{
printf("the stack is empty !\n");
return F;
}
*num = s->top->data.number;
*t = s->top->data.time;
StackNode temp = s->top;
s->top = s->top->next;
free(temp);
s->count--;
return T;
}

void leave2(LinkQueue *wait,LinkQueue *park,LinkStack *giveway,int num,int t)
{
printf("请输入要离开车的车号\n");
int leavenumber;
scanf("%d",&leavenumber);
int i = 0;
QueueNode head = park->front;
while(head != park->rear)
{
if(head->next->infom.number != leavenumber)
{
head = head->next;
i++;
}
else
break;
}
int j = 0;
if(i <= MAX-1)
{
while(j != i)
{
dequeue(park,&num,&t);
push(giveway,num,t);
j++;
}
dequeue(park,&num,&t);
}
else
{
printf("查无此车！\n");
}
while(giveway->top != NULL)
{
pop(giveway,&num,&t);
enqueue(park,num,t);
}
if(linklength(*wait) != 0)
{
dequeue(wait,&num,&t);
enqueue(park,num,t);
}
}

void view3(LinkQueue wait,LinkQueue park)
{
printf("********************    目前停车场状况    ********************\n");
printf("停车场共%d个车位，当前停车场共有%d量车，等待区共有%d量车\n",
MAX,linklength(park),linklength(wait));
printf("**************************************************************\n");
printf("车    号：");
QueueNode head1 = park.front;
QueueNode head2 = park.front;
while(head1 != park.rear)
{
printf("%d  ",head1->next->infom.number);
head1 = head1->next;
}
printf("\n");
printf("停车时间：");
while(head2 != park.rear)
{
printf("%d ",head2->next->infom.time);
head2 = head2->next;
}
printf("\n");
}