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wait必须放在while循环里面的原因探析

2017-08-18 10:02 260 查看
先看一段代码:

import java.util.*;

public class EarlyNotify extends Object {
private List list;

public EarlyNotify() {
list = Collections.synchronizedList(new LinkedList());
}

public String removeItem() throws InterruptedException {
print("in removeItem() - entering");

synchronized ( list ) {
if ( list.isEmpty() ) {  //这里用if语句会发生危险
print("in removeItem() - about to wait()");
list.wait();
print("in removeItem() - done with wait()");
}

//删除元素
String item = (String) list.remove(0);

print("in removeItem() - leaving");
return item;
}
}

public void addItem(String item) {
print("in addItem() - entering");
synchronized ( list ) {
//添加元素
list.add(item);
print("in addItem() - just added: '" + item + "'");

//添加后,通知所有线程
list.notifyAll();
print("in addItem() - just notified");
}
print("in addItem() - leaving");
}

private static void print(String msg) {
String name = Thread.currentThread().getName();
System.out.println(name + ": " + msg);
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
final EarlyNotify en = new EarlyNotify();

Runnable runA = new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
String item = en.removeItem();
print("in run() - returned: '" +
item + "'");
} catch ( InterruptedException ix ) {
print("interrupted!");
} catch ( Exception x ) {
print("threw an Exception!!!\n" + x);
}
}
};

Runnable runB = new Runnable() {
public void run() {
en.addItem("Hello!");
}
};

try {
//启动第一个删除元素的线程
Thread threadA1 = new Thread(runA, "threadA1");
threadA1.start();

Thread.sleep(500);

//启动第二个删除元素的线程
Thread threadA2 = new Thread(runA, "threadA2");
threadA2.start();

Thread.sleep(500);
//启动增加元素的线程
Thread threadB = new Thread(runB, "threadB");
threadB.start();

Thread.sleep(10000); // wait 10 seconds

threadA1.interrupt();
threadA2.interrupt();
} catch ( InterruptedException x ) {}
}
}


输出结果:
threadA1: in removeItem() - entering
threadA1: in removeItem() - about to wait()
threadA2: in removeItem() - entering
threadA2: in removeItem() - about to wait()
threadB: in addItem() - entering
threadB: in addItem() - just added: 'Hello!'
threadB: in addItem() - just notified
threadA2: in removeItem() - done with wait()
threadA2: in removeItem() - leaving
threadA2: in run() - returned: 'Hello!'
threadA1: in removeItem() - done with wait()
threadA1: threw an Exception!!!
java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException: Index: 0, Size: 0
threadB: in addItem() - leaving


原因分析:

首先启动threadA1,threadA1在removeItem()中调用wait(),从而释放list上的对象锁。再过500ms,启动threadA2,threadA2调用removeItem(),获取list上的对象锁,也发现列表为空,从而在wait()方法处阻塞,释放list上的对象锁。再过500ms后,启动threadB,并调用addItem,获得list上的对象锁,并在list中添加一个元素,同时用notifyAll通知所有线程。

    threadA1和threadA2都从wait()返回,等待获取list对象上的对象锁,并试图从列表中删除添加的元素,这就会产生麻烦,只有其中一个操作能成功。假设threadA1获取了list上的对象锁,并删除元素成功,在退出synchronized代码块时,它便会释放list上的对象锁,此时threadA2便会获取list上的对象锁,会继续删除list中的元素,但是list已经为空了,这便会抛出IndexOutOfBoundsException。

解决办法:

将if换为while。重新判断是否为空,为空时继续等待挂起。

放在while里面,是防止出于waiting的对象被别的原因调用了唤醒方法,但是while里面的条件并没有满足(也可能当时满足了,但是由于别的线程操作后,又不满足了),就需要再次调用wait将其挂起。

好笑的解释:

如果是两个狙击手,在同时等待一个人,第一个人先打死了(改变了某个状态,不满足了条件了),第二个人还要再开一枪?针对两个线程同时等待还是要加这个while的。
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标签:  wait notify