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字符设备驱动--POll机制

2017-08-03 23:19 435 查看
poll函数的调用方法:Linux上执行 man poll

#include <poll.h>
int poll(struct pollfd *fds, nfds_t nfds, int timeout);//文件,文件数,超时时间


fds:存放需要被检测状态的Socket描述符;

nfds:用于标记数组fds中的struct pollfd结构元素的总数量;

timeout:poll函数调用阻塞的时间,单位是MS(毫秒)

理解:poll机制判断fds中的文件是否可读,可读返回可读fd个数,不可读等待timeout(时长)时间。再次判断,可读返回可读fd个数,还不可读,返回0。



(注:具体用法在后面的测试程序中)

查看pollfd的结构体

struct pollfd {
int   fd;         /* file descriptor */
short events;     /* requested events */
short revents;    /* returned events */
};


fd表示文件描述符,events表示请求检测的事件,revents表示检测之后返回的事件。

系统调用open、read、write、poll,与之对应的内核函数为:sys_open、sys_read、sys_write、sys_poll。

内核代码分析:

1.sys_poll(select.c–fs)

asmlinkage long sys_poll(struct pollfd __user *ufds, unsigned int nfds,
long timeout_msecs)
{
s64 timeout_jiffies;

if (timeout_msecs > 0) {
#if HZ > 1000
/* We can only overflow if HZ > 1000 */
if (timeout_msecs / 1000 > (s64)0x7fffffffffffffffULL / (s64)HZ)
timeout_jiffies = -1;
else
#endif
timeout_jiffies = msecs_to_jiffies(timeout_msecs);
} else {
/* Infinite (< 0) or no (0) timeout */
timeout_jiffies = timeout_msecs;
}

return do_sys_poll(ufds, nfds, &timeout_jiffies);
}


app执行poll函数,kernel进入sys_poll,调用 do_sys_poll(ufds, nfds, &timeout_jiffies),sys_poll对超时参数稍作处理后直接调用do_sys_poll。

2.do_sys_poll(select.c–fs)

int do_sys_poll(struct pollfd __user *ufds, unsigned int nfds, s64 *timeout)
{
……
poll_initwait(&table);
……
fdcount = do_poll(nfds, head, &table, timeout);
……
}


这里poll_initwait函数初始化一个poll_wqueues变量table

void poll_initwait(struct poll_wqueues *pwq)
{
init_poll_funcptr(&pwq->pt, __pollwait);
pwq->error = 0;
pwq->table = NULL;
pwq->inline_index = 0;
}


去init_poll_funcpt的定义

static inline void init_poll_funcptr(poll_table *pt, poll_queue_proc qproc)
{
pt->qproc = qproc;
}


poll_initwait (&table)> init_poll_funcptr(&pwq->pt, __pollwait);> pt->qproc = qproc;

即table->pt->qproc = __pollwait,__pollwait将在驱动的poll函数里用到。

代码从下往上分析。table->qproc = __pollwait,table里面的qproc指针指向__pollwait。

3.do_poll(select.c–fs)

static int do_poll(unsigned int nfds,  struct poll_list *list,
struct poll_wqueues *wait, s64 *timeout)
{
……
for (;;) {
……
if (do_pollfd(pfd, pt))

//do_pollfd(select.c--fs中)的定义,
//mask = file->f_op->poll(file, pwait);return mask;
//驱动的poll的定义:在Forth_drv.c的 static unsigned //forth_drv_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait)
// 查看poll_wait定义(poll_wait(file, &button_waitq, wait))
// 知p->qproc(filp, wait_address, p);
//即__pollwait(filp, button_waitq, p),查看_pollwait的定义
//作用把当前进程挂接到button_waitq队列中
//进程挂接到队列中,等待唤醒

{
count++;
/*  如果驱动的poll返回非0,count++
驱动程序中forth_drv_poll
if (ev_press)
mask |= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;
return mask   */

pt = NULL;
}
……
if (count || !*timeout || signal_pending(current))          break;//count非0,超时、有信号等待处理,返回应用程序

__timeout = schedule_timeout(__timeout);//休眠 __timeout 时间

count = wait->error;
if (count)
break;

if (*timeout < 0) {
/* Wait indefinitely */
__timeout = MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT;
} else if (unlikely(*timeout >= (s64)MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT-1)) {
/*
* Wait for longer than MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT. Do it in
* a loop
*/
__timeout = MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT - 1;
*timeout -= __timeout;
} else {
__timeout = *timeout;
*timeout = 0;
}

__timeout = schedule_timeout(__timeout);
if (*timeout >= 0)
*timeout += __timeout;
}
__set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
return count;
}


①if (count || !*timeout || signal_pending(current)) break;//count非0,超时、有信号等待处理,返回应用程序

②count = wait->error;

if (count)

break;

①②的条件不满足,进程就会进入休眠,除了休眠到指定时间被系统唤醒外,还可以被驱动程序唤醒──记住这点,这就是为什么驱动的poll里要调用poll_wait的原因。

在内核中大致上实现过程:

当应用程序调用poll函数的时候,会调用到系统调用sys_poll函数,该函数最终调用do_poll函数,do_poll函数中有一个死循 环,在里面又会利用do_pollfd函数去调用驱动中的poll函数(fds中每个成员的字符驱动程序都会被扫描到),驱动程序中的Poll函数的工作 有两个,一个就是调用poll_wait 函数,把进程挂到等待队列中去(这个是必须的,你要睡眠,必须要在一个等待队列上面,否则到哪里去唤醒你呢??),另一个是确定相关的fd是否有内容可 读,如果可读,就返回1,否则返回0,如果返回1 ,do_poll函数中的count++, 然后 do_poll函数然后判断三个条件(if (count ||!timeout || signal_pending(current)))如果成立就直接跳出,如果不成立,就睡眠timeout个jiffes这么长的时间(调用schedule_timeout实现睡眠),如果在这段时间内没有其他进程去唤醒它,那么第二次执行判断的时候就会跳出死循环。如果在这段时间内有其他进程唤醒它,那么也可以跳出死循环返回(例如我们可以利用中断处理函数去唤醒它,这样的话一有数据可读,就可以让它立即返回)。【在内核中大致上实现过程–韦东山博客】

4.do_pollfd (select.c–fs)

static inline unsigned int do_pollfd(struct pollfd *pollfd, poll_table *pwait)
{
……
if (file->f_op && file->f_op->poll)
mask = file->f_op->poll(file, pwait);
……
}


调用我们的驱动程序里注册的poll函数。

整个流程概述:

app:poll
kernel: sys_poll
do_sys_poll(ufds, nfds, &timeout_jiffies)
poll_initwait(&table);
init_poll_funcptr(&pwq->pt, __pollwait);//>table->qproc = __pollwait
do_poll(nfds, head, &table, timeout);
for (;;) {
for (; pfd != pfd_end; pfd++)//查询多个驱动程序 {
do_pollfd(pfd, pt)) {
count++;  //如果驱动的poll返回非0,count++
pt = NULL;
}
}
if (count || !*timeout ||signal_pending(current))//count非0,超时、有信号等待处理,返回应用程序          break;
__timeout = schedule_timeout(__timeout);//休眠 __timeout 时间
}


驱动程序forth_drv.c

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/arch/regs-gpio.h>
#include <asm/hardware.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>

static struct class *forthdrv_class;
static struct class_device  *forthdrv_class_dev;

volatile unsigned long *gpfcon;
volatile unsigned long *gpfdat;

volatile unsigned long *gpgcon;
volatile unsigned long *gpgdat;

static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(button_waitq);

/* 中断事件标志, 中断服务程序将它置1,forth_drv_read将它清0 */
static volatile int ev_press = 0;

struct pin_desc{
unsigned int pin;
unsigned int key_val;
};

/* 键值: 按下时, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04 */
/* 键值: 松开时, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84 */
static unsigned char key_val;

struct pin_desc pins_desc[4] = {
{S3C2410_GPF0, 0x01},
{S3C2410_GPF2, 0x02},
{S3C2410_GPG3, 0x03},
{S3C2410_GPG11, 0x04},
};

/*
* 确定按键值
*/
static irqreturn_t buttons_irq(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
struct pin_desc * pindesc = (struct pin_desc *)dev_id;
unsigned int pinval;

pinval = s3c2410_gpio_getpin(pindesc->pin);

if (pinval)
{
/* 松开 */
key_val = 0x80 | pindesc->key_val;
}
else
{
/* 按下 */
key_val = pindesc->key_val;
}

ev_press = 1;                  /* 表示中断发生了 */
wake_up_interruptible(&button_waitq);   /* 唤醒休眠的进程 */

return IRQ_RETVAL(IRQ_HANDLED);
}

static int forth_drv_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
/* 配置GPF0,2为输入引脚 */
/* 配置GPG3,11为输入引脚 */
request_irq(IRQ_EINT0,  buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S2", &pins_desc[0]);
request_irq(IRQ_EINT2,  buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S3", &pins_desc[1]);
request_irq(IRQ_EINT11, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S4", &pins_desc[2]);
request_irq(IRQ_EINT19, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S5", &pins_desc[3]);

return 0;
}

ssize_t forth_drv_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
if (size != 1)
return -EINVAL;

/* 如果没有按键动作, 休眠 */
wait_event_interruptible(button_waitq, ev_press);

/* 如果有按键动作, 返回键值 */
copy_to_user(buf, &key_val, 1);
ev_press = 0;

return 1;
}

int forth_drv_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
free_irq(IRQ_EINT0, &pins_desc[0]);
free_irq(IRQ_EINT2, &pins_desc[1]);
free_irq(IRQ_EINT11, &pins_desc[2]);
free_irq(IRQ_EINT19, &pins_desc[3]);
return 0;
}

static unsigned forth_drv_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait)
{
unsigned int mask = 0;
poll_wait(file, &button_waitq, wait); // 不会立即休眠

if (ev_press)
mask |= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;

return mask;
}

static struct file_operations sencod_drv_fops = {
.owner   =  THIS_MODULE,    /* 这是一个宏,推向编译模块时自动创建的__this_module变量 */
.open    =  forth_drv_open,
.read    =  forth_drv_read,
.release =  forth_drv_close,
.poll    =  forth_drv_poll,
};

int major;
static int forth_drv_init(void)
{
major = register_chrdev(0, "forth_drv", &sencod_drv_fops);

forthdrv_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "forth_drv");

forthdrv_class_dev = class_device_create(forthdrv_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "buttons"); /* /dev/buttons */

gpfcon = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x56000050, 16);
gpfdat = gpfcon + 1;

gpgcon = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x56000060, 16);
gpgdat = gpgcon + 1;

return 0;
}

static void forth_drv_exit(void)
{
unregister_chrdev(major, "forth_drv");
class_device_unregister(forthdrv_class_dev);
class_destroy(forthdrv_class);
iounmap(gpfcon);
iounmap(gpgcon);
return 0;
}

module_init(forth_drv_init);
module_exit(forth_drv_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");


测试程序forthdrvtest.c

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <poll.h>

/* forthdrvtest
*/
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int fd;
unsigned char key_val;
int ret;//返回值

struct pollfd fds[1];//这里只查询一个驱动程序

fd = open("/dev/buttons", O_RDWR);
if (fd < 0)
{
printf("can't open!\n");
}

fds[0].fd     = fd;//查询的文件
fds[0].events = POLLIN;//查询的结果
while (1)
{
ret = poll(fds, 1, 5000);//文件fds,一个,5000ms,这里返回值赋给ret,
if (ret == 0)/*RETURN VALUE
On  success,  a  positive  number  is  returned; this is the number of structures which have non-zero revents fields (in other
words, those descriptors with events or errors reported).  A value of 0 indicates that the call timed out and no file descrip‐
tors were ready.  On error, -1 is returned, and errno is set appropriately.*/
{
printf("time out\n");
}
else
{
read(fd, &key_val, 1);
printf("key_val = 0x%x\n", key_val);
}
}

return 0;
}


5秒内没有按键,输出超时



5秒内有按键按下,立即唤醒进程,输出键值



测试程序后台运行,查看cpu使用情况

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