【搜索】POJ-3009 DFS+回溯
2017-08-03 18:05
323 查看
一、题目
Description
On Planet MM-21, after their Olympic games this year, curling is getting popular. But the rules are somewhat different from ours. The game is played on an ice game board on which a square mesh is marked. They use only a single stone. The purpose of the game is to lead the stone from the start to the goal with the minimum number of moves.Fig. 1 shows an example of a game board. Some squares may be occupied with blocks. There are two special squares namely the start and the goal, which are not occupied with blocks. (These two squares are distinct.) Once the stone begins to move, it will proceed until it hits a block. In order to bring the stone to the goal, you may have to stop the stone by hitting it against a block, and throw again.
Fig. 1: Example of board (S: start, G: goal)
The movement of the stone obeys the following rules:
At the beginning, the stone stands still at the start square.
The movements of the stone are restricted to x and y directions. Diagonal moves are prohibited.
When the stone stands still, you can make it moving by throwing it. You may throw it to any direction unless it is blocked immediately(Fig. 2(a)).
Once thrown, the stone keeps moving to the same direction until one of the following occurs:
The stone hits a block (Fig. 2(b), (c)).
The stone stops at the square next to the block it hit.
The block disappears.
The stone gets out of the board.
The game ends in failure.
The stone reaches the goal square.
The stone stops there and the game ends in success.
You cannot throw the stone more than 10 times in a game. If the stone does not reach the goal in 10 moves, the game ends in failure.
Fig. 2: Stone movements
Under the rules, we would like to know whether the stone at the start can reach the goal and, if yes, the minimum number of moves required.
With the initial configuration shown in Fig. 1, 4 moves are required to bring the stone from the start to the goal. The route is shown in Fig. 3(a). Notice when the stone reaches the goal, the board configuration has changed as in Fig. 3(b).
Fig. 3: The solution for Fig. D-1 and the final board configuration
Input
The input is a sequence of datasets. The end of the input is indicated by a line containing two zeros separated by a space. The number of datasets never exceeds 100.Each dataset is formatted as follows.
the width(=w) and the height(=h) of the board
the width(=w) and the height(=h) of the board
First row of the board
the width(=w) and the height(=h) of the board
First row of the board
...
the width(=w) and the height(=h) of the board
First row of the board
...
h-th row of the board
The width and the height of the board satisfy: 2 <= w <= 20, 1 <= h <= 20.
Each line consists of w decimal numbers delimited by a space. The number describes the status of the corresponding square.
0 | vacant square |
---|---|
1 | block |
2 | start position |
3 | goal position |
The dataset for Fig. D-1 is as follows:
6 6
6 6
1 0 0 2 1 0
6 6
1 0 0 2 1 0
1 1 0 0 0 0
6 6
1 0 0 2 1 0
1 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 3
6 6
1 0 0 2 1 0
1 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 3
0 0 0 0 0 0
6 6
1 0 0 2 1 0
1 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 3
0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 1
6 6
1 0 0 2 1 0
1 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 3
0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 1
0 1 1 1 1 1
Output
For each dataset, print a line having a decimal integer indicating the minimum number of moves along a route from the start to the goal. If there are no such routes, print -1 instead. Each line should not have any character other than this number.Sample Input
2 1 3 2 6 6 1 0 0 2 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 6 1 1 0 2 1 1 3 12 1 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 13 1 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 0 0
Sample Output
1 4 -1 4 10 -1
二、思路&心得
利用深度搜索、回溯以及剪枝算法进行搜索算法编写时应注意:终止条件的判定、资源的还原(清空)以及相应的终止命令(return、break)
三、代码
#include<stdio.h> #define VACANT 0 #define BLOCK 1 #define START 2 #define GOAL 3 #define MAX_TIMES 11 int W, H; int sx, sy, gx, gy; int min, step; int map[25][25]; int dirction[4][2] = {0, -1, -1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0}; void dfs(int x, int y) { if (step > 10 || step >= min) return; for (int i = 0; i < 4; i ++) { int tx = x, ty = y; while (1) { int px = tx, py = ty; tx += dirction[i][0], ty+= dirction[i][1]; if (tx < 0 || tx >= H || ty < 0 || ty >= W) break; if (tx == gx && ty == gy) { step ++; if (step < min) min = step; step --; return; } else if (map[tx][ty] == BLOCK) { if (px != x || py != y) { map[tx][ty] = VACANT; step ++; dfs(px, py); map[tx][ty] = BLOCK; step --; } break; } } } } void solve() { min = MAX_TIMES; step = 0; for (int i = 0; i < H; i ++) { for (int j = 0; j < W; j ++) { scanf("%d", &map[i][j]); if (map[i][j] == START) { sx = i, sy = j; } else if (map[i][j] == GOAL) { gx = i, gy = j; } } } dfs(sx, sy); if (min == MAX_TIMES) printf("-1\n"); else printf("%d\n", min); } int main() { while(scanf("%d %d", &W, &H)) { if (!W && !H) break; solve(); } return 0; }
相关文章推荐
- poj 3009 冰壶游戏隐式图搜索
- POJ-3009 深度优先搜索
- POJ3009 - Curling 2.0 - 深度优先搜索
- poj_3009_Curling 2.0(搜索)
- 深度优先搜索【POJ 3009】
- POJ_3009——冰球,IDS迭代加深搜索
- poj 3009(深度搜索)
- poj3009之深度优先搜索 dfs解法
- poj 3009 Curling2.0 回溯搜索
- POJ-3009 Curling 2.0 解题报告(搜索) 冰壶游戏
- POJ 3009 基础搜索 DFS 四
- poj 3009 搜索
- poj 3009(Curling 2.0 暴力搜索)
- poj3009 Curling 2.0 DFS搜索
- poj3009--Curling 2.0(搜索练习1)
- poj 3009( 搜索 )
- poj 3009 Curling 2.0-----搜索
- [搜索顺序] POJ 1165 [IOI 1994] The Primes
- 7.12 [NWPU][2014][TRN][3]搜索 POJ 1562 H - 深搜/广搜 基础
- poj 3009 (深搜求最短路)