linux 磁盘管理

系统有几块硬盘：
[root@sunnyit ~]# fdisk -l |grep /dev/ |awk '{print $2}' |egrep "dev/s"
/dev/sda:
/dev/sdb:
[root@sunnyit ~]#
其中一块盘的大小
[root@sunnyit ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sda |grep Disk |grep /dev |awk '{print $3 $4}'
32.2GB,
这块盘有几个分区
[root@sunnyit ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sda |grep -v 'Disk' |grep '/dev' |awk '{print $1}'
/dev/sda1
/dev/sda2
/dev/sda3
[root@sunnyit ~]#
boot分区大小
[root@sunnyit yum.repos.d]# fdisk -l |grep -v 'Disk' |egrep 'dev/s' |grep '*' |awk '{print $1 " "$5/1024 "M"}'
/dev/sda1 400M
其余分区有那些，大小是多少？(除过boot)
fdisk -l |grep -v 'Disk' |grep '/dev' |grep -v '*' | awk '{print $1" " $4/1024/1024"G"}'
/dev/sda2 26.6787G
/dev/sda3 2.92969G
这些分区在系统中挂载到了那个文件目录
[root@sunnyit ~]# df -h |grep -v 'tmp'|grep -v 'Mount' |awk '{print $1 " -> "$6}'
/dev/sda2 -> /
/dev/sda1 -> /boot
swap分区大小
[root@sunnyit ~]# free -m |grep Swap |awk '{print $1" "$2/1000"G"}'
Swap: 2.999G
[root@sunnyit ~]#
磁盘有多少柱面
[root@sunnyit ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb |grep cylinders |grep heads |awk '{print $5" "$6}'
2610 cylinders
[root@sunnyit ~]#
每个柱面大概多大
[root@sunnyit ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb |grep 'nits' |awk '{print $9/1000/1024 "M"}'
8.0325M
[root@sunnyit ~]#
fdisk /dev/sdb
n (新建分区）
p （基础分区，e为扩展分区,一般情况下一个磁盘不超过4个分区的话用基础分区就可以了，
如果超过四个分区的话，比方说6个分区，可以这样划分，前三个分区是基础分区，第4个
分区话分的时候选择扩展，把所有柱面划给它，然后，再建分区的时候，选择分区类型的
时候，就没有扩展型了，而是只有逻辑型和基础型了，选择逻辑型，然后建分区5，和分区6，
和分区7，记得是分区7,因为分区4是扩展，它把所有剩余柱面都包含了，因此逻辑型的分区
都是由它组成的。因此在删除分区的时候，如果把分区4删了，所有的逻辑分区也就没有了。
记住第一个逻辑分区，盘号是5,以此类推。第一个柱面最好不要用，当你分区一样大是，包含
第一柱面和没有包含第一柱面的显示大小不一样，有待解释）
1 （第一个分区）
101 （第101柱面开始）
200 （第200柱面结束）
w （保存）
p （打印分区表）
q （推出）
快速分区
fdisk /dev/sdb
n
p
1

+200M
n
p
2

200M
n
p
3

200M
p
w

查看这块磁盘的分区表
[root@sunnyit ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb |grep dev |grep -v 'Disk'
/dev/sdb1 101 200 803250 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 201 300 803250 83 Linux
/dev/sdb3 301 400 803250 83 Linux
[root@sunnyit ~]#
快速删除分区
fdisk /dev/sdb
d
1
d想·
2
d
3
p
w

fdisk /dev/sdb
n
e
1
2

n
l

+200M
n
l

+200M
n
l

+200M
n
l

+200M
n
l

+200M
n
l

+200M
w
[root@controller ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x49fc9e88

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2 2610 20956792+ 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 2 27 208813+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb6 28 53 208813+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb7 54 79 208813+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb8 80 105 208813+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb9 106 131 208813+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb10 132 157 208813+ 83 Linux
[root@controller ~]#

pvcreate /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdb3
pvdisplay
pvremove /dev/sdb1
pvremove /dev/sdb2
pvremove /dev/sdb3
vgcreate all_data /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdb3
vgdisplay
vgremove all_data
lvcreate --size 200M -n test1 all_data
lvcreate --size 200M -n test2 all_data
[root@sunnyit ~]# lvdisplay |grep Path
LV Path /dev/all_data/test1
LV Path /dev/all_data/test2
[root@sunnyit ~]#
[root@sunnyit ~]#
快速删除
lvremove /dev/all_data/test1
y
lvremove /dev/all_data/test2
y

mkfs.ext4 /dev/all_data/test1
mkfs.ext4 /dev/all_data/test2
mkdir -p /test1 /test2
mount /dev/all_data/test1 /test1
mount /dev/all_data/test1 /test2
blkid |grep test1 |awk '{print $2}'|sed 's/"/ /g'| awk '{print "UUID="$2"\t" "/test1""\t""ext4""\t""defaults""\t""1 1"}' >> /etc/fstab
blkid |grep test2 |awk '{print $2}'|sed 's/"/ /g'| awk '{print "UUID="$2"\t" "/test2""\t""ext4""\t""defaults""\t""1 1"}' >> /etc/fstab
umount /test1 /test2
mount -a
[root@sunnyit ~]# more /etc/fstab |egrep "test1|test2"
UUID=2c044896-147c-47cf-83bc-e41338da742d /test1 ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=0552f38d-ab01-485e-a8b9-033d5f3e866c /test2 ext4 defaults 1 1
[root@sunnyit ~]# df -h |egrep "test1|test2"
/dev/mapper/all_data-test1
190M 1.6M 179M 1% /test1
/dev/mapper/all_data-test2
190M 1.6M 179M 1% /test2
[root@sunnyit ~]#
扩容
pvcreate /dev/sdb9 /dev/sdb10
vgextend all_data /dev/sdb9 /dev/sdb10
lvextend -L +200M /dev/all_data/test1
[root@controller ~]# lvdisplay /dev/all_data/test1
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/all_data/test1
LV Name test1
VG Name all_data
LV UUID ZwCcr8-rwW3-GdQj-BV9o-e83P-aZyx-Z13W8s
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time controller, 2017-07-01 12:13:11 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 600.00 MiB （增加了200M）
Current LE 150
Segments 3
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
[root@controller ~]#
[root@controller ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name all_data
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 6
Metadata Sequence No 7
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 6
Act PV 6
VG Size 1.17 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 300
Alloc PE / Size 250 / 1000.00 MiB
Free PE / Size 50 / 200.00 MiB （这里显示还有50个pe没有被分配）
VG UUID Rr2jtn-PVJR-nyo2-lyVH-nJ1e-n45G-yfjssZ
lvextend -l +50 /dev/all_data/test1
resize2fs /dev/all_data/test1
扩容整个步骤
[root@controller test1]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 27G 6.4G 19G 26% /
tmpfs 935M 0 935M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 380M 28M 333M 8% /boot
/soft/CentOS-6.9-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso
3.7G 3.7G 0 100% /mnt1
/soft/CentOS-6.9-x86_64-bin-DVD2.iso
2.1G 2.1G 0 100% /mnt2
/dev/mapper/all_data-test2
380M 2.3M 358M 1% /test2
/dev/mapper/all_data-test1
767M 2.5M 725M 1% /test1
[root@controller test1]# history
[root@controller test1]# pvcreate /dev/sdb11 /dev/sdb12
Physical volume "/dev/sdb11" successfully created
Physical volume "/dev/sdb12" successfully created
[root@controller test1]# vgextend all_data /dev/sdb11 /dev/sdb12
Volume group "all_data" successfully extended
[root@controller test1]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name all_data
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 8
Metadata Sequence No 9
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 8
Act PV 8
VG Size 1.56 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 400
Alloc PE / Size 300 / 1.17 GiB
Free PE / Size 100 / 400.00 MiB
VG UUID Rr2jtn-PVJR-nyo2-lyVH-nJ1e-n45G-yfjssZ

[root@controller test1]# lvextend -l +100 /dev/all_data/test2
Size of logical volume all_data/test2 changed from 400.00 MiB (100 extents) to 800.00 MiB (200 extents).
Logical volume test2 successfully resized.
[root@controller test1]# resize2fs /dev/all_data/test2
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/all_data/test2 is mounted on /test2; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 4
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/all_data/test2 to 819200 (1k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/all_data/test2 is now 819200 blocks long.

[root@controller test1]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 27G 6.4G 19G 26% /
tmpfs 935M 0 935M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 380M 28M 333M 8% /boot
/soft/CentOS-6.9-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso
3.7G 3.7G 0 100% /mnt1
/soft/CentOS-6.9-x86_64-bin-DVD2.iso
2.1G 2.1G 0 100% /mnt2
/dev/mapper/all_data-test2
767M 2.5M 725M 1% /test2
/dev/mapper/all_data-test1
767M 2.5M 725M 1% /test1
[root@controller test1]#

扩容再次演练
[root@controller test1]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb |grep sd |grep -v 'Dis'
/dev/sdb1 2 2610 20956792+ 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 2 27 208813+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb6 28 53 208813+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb7 54 79 208813+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb8 80 105 208813+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb9 106 131 208813+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb10 132 157 208813+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb11 158 183 208813+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb12 184 209 208813+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb13 210 235 208813+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb14 236 261 208813+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb15 262 287 208813+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb16 288 313 208813+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb17 314 339 208813+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb18 340 365 208813+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb19 366 391 208813+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb20 392 417 208813+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb21 418 443 208813+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb22 444 469 208813+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb23 470 495 208813+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb24 496 521 208813+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb25 522 547 208813+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb26 548 573 208813+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb27 574 599 208813+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb28 600 625 208813+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb29 626 651 208813+ 83 Linux
[root@controller test1]# pvdisplay |grep "PV Name"
PV Name /dev/sdb5
PV Name /dev/sdb6
PV Name /dev/sdb7
PV Name /dev/sdb8
PV Name /dev/sdb9
PV Name /dev/sdb10
PV Name /dev/sdb11
PV Name /dev/sdb12
[root@controller test1]# df -h |grep test
/dev/mapper/all_data-test2
767M 2.5M 725M 1% /test2
/dev/mapper/all_data-test1
767M 2.5M 725M 1% /test1
[root@controller test1]# pvcreate /dev/sdb13 /dev/sdb14
Physical volume "/dev/sdb13" successfully created
Physical volume "/dev/sdb14" successfully created
[root@controller test1]# vgextend all_data /dev/sdb13 /dev/sdb14
Volume group "all_data" successfully extended
[root@controller test1]# vgdisplay all_data |grep Free
Free PE / Size 100 / 400.00 MiB
[root@controller test1]# lvextend -l +50 /dev/all_data/test1
Size of logical volume all_data/test1 changed from 800.00 MiB (200 extents) to 1000.00 MiB (250 extents).
Logical volume test1 successfully resized.
[root@controller test1]# lvextend -l +50 /dev/all_data/test2
Size of logical volume all_data/test2 changed from 800.00 MiB (200 extents) to 1000.00 MiB (250 extents).
Logical volume test2 successfully resized.
[root@controller test1]# vgdisplay all_data |grep Free
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
[root@controller test1]# resize2fs /dev/all_data/test1
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/all_data/test1 is mounted on /test1; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 4, new_desc_blocks = 4
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/all_data/test1 to 1024000 (1k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/all_data/test1 is now 1024000 blocks long.

[root@controller test1]# resize2fs /dev/all_data/test2
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/all_data/test2 is mounted on /test2; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 4, new_desc_blocks = 4
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/all_data/test2 to 1024000 (1k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/all_data/test2 is now 1024000 blocks long.

[root@controller test1]# df -h |grep test
/dev/mapper/all_data-test2
961M 2.5M 909M 1% /test2
/dev/mapper/all_data-test1
961M 2.5M 909M 1% /test1
[root@controller test1]#
扩容步骤汇总
pvcreate /dev/sdb13 /dev/sdb14
vgextend all_data /dev/sdb13 /dev/sdb14
vgdisplay all_data |grep Free
lvextend -l +50 /dev/all_data/test1
lvextend -l +50 /dev/all_data/test2
resize2fs /dev/all_data/test1
resize2fs /dev/all_data/test2
df -h |grep test