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史上最全的SpringMVC学习笔记

2017-08-01 00:00 423 查看

一、SpringMVC基础入门,创建一个HelloWorld程序

1,首先,导入SpringMVC需要的jar包。



2,添加Web.xml配置文件中关于SpringMVC的配置

<!--configure the setting of springmvcDispatcherServlet and configure the mapping-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> -->
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

3,在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd"> <!-- scan the package and the sub package -->
<context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC" />
<!-- don't handle the static resource -->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler /> <!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting -->
<mvc:annotation-driven /> <!-- configure the InternalResourceViewResolver -->
<bean
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
id="internalResourceViewResolver"> <!-- 前缀 -->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" /> <!-- 后缀 -->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
</beans>

4,在WEB-INF文件夹下创建名为jsp的文件夹,用来存放jsp试图。创建一个hello.jsp,在body中添加“Hello World”。

5,创建包及Controller,如下所示。



6,编写Controller代码

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/mvc")
public class mvcController{

@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String Hello(){
return "hello";
}
}

7,启动服务器,在浏览器上输入
http://localhost:8080/项目名/mvc/hello
二、配置解析

1,Dispatcherservlet

Dispatcheerservlet是前置控制器,配置在web.xml文件中的。拦截匹配的请求,Servlet拦截匹配规则要自己定义,把拦截下来的请求,依据相应的规则分发到目标Controller来处理,是匹配spring MVC的第一步。

2,InternalResourceViewResolver

试图名称解析器

3,以上出现的注解

@Controller负责注册到一个bean到spring上下文中

@RequestMapping注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些URL请求

三、SpringMVC常用注解

@Controller

负责注册一个bean到spring上下文中

@RequestMapping

注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些URL请求

@RequestBody

该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据,使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析,然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到controller中方法的参数上。

@ResponseBody

该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象,通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后,写入到Response对象的body数据区。

@ModelAttribute

在方法定义上使用@ModelAttribute注解:Spring MVC在调用目标处理方法前,会先逐个调用在方法级上标注了@ModelAttribute的方法

在方法的“入参“前使用@ModelAttribute注解:可以从隐含对象中获取隐含的模型数据中获取对象,再将请求参数-绑定到对象中,再传入“入参”将方法“入参”对象添加到模型中。

@RequestParam

在处理方法“入参”处使用@RequestMapping可以把请求参数传递给请求方法

@PathVariable

绑定URL占位符到入参

@ExceptionHandler

注解到方法上,出现异常时会执行该方法。

@ControllerAdvice

使一个Controller成为全局的异常处理类,类中用@ExceptionHandler方法注解的方法可以处理所有Controller发生的异常。

四、自动匹配参数

//match automatically
@RequestMapping("/person")
public String toPerson(String name, double age){
System.out.println(name+ " " +age);
return "hello";
}


五、自动装箱

1,编写一个Person实体类

package test.SpringMVC.model;

public class Person {
private String name;
private int age;

public String getName() {
return name;
}

public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}

public int getAge() {
return age;
}

public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}

}

2,在Controller里面编写方法

//boxing automatically
@RequestMapping("/person1")
public String toPerson(Person p){
System.out.println(p.getName()+" "+p.getAge());
return "hello";
}


六,使用InitBinder来处理Date类型的参数

//the parameter was converted in initBinder
@RequestMapping("/date")
public String date(Date date){
System.out.println(date);
return "hello";
}
//At the time of initialization,convert the type "String" to type "date"
@InitBinder
public void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){
binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"), true));
}


七、向前台传递参数

//pass the parameters to front-end
@RequestMapping("/show")
public String showPerson(Map<String, Object> map){
Person p = new Person();
map.put("p", p);
p.setAge(20);
p.setName("jayjay");
return "show";
}

前台可以在Request域中取到“p”

八、使用Ajax调用

//pass the parameters to font-end using ajax
@RequestMapping("/getPerson")
public void getPerson(String name. PrintWriter pw){
pw.write("hello,"+ name);
}
@RequestMapping("/name")
public String sayHello(){
return "name";
}

前台用下面的jquery代码调用:

$(function(){
$("#btn").click(function(){
$.post("mvc/getPerson",
{name:$("#name").val()},
function(data){
alert(data)
});
});
});


九、在Controller中使用redirect方式处理请求

//redirect
@RequestMapping("/redirect")
public String redirect(){
return "redirect:hello";
}


十、文件上传

1、需要导入两个jar包





2、在SpringMVC配置文件中加入

<!-- upload settings -->
<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
<property name="maxUploadSize" value="102400000">
</property>
</bean>

3、方法代码

@RequestMapping(value="upload",method=RequestMethod.POST)
public String upload(HttpServletRequest req) throws Exception{
MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultiparHttpServletRequest)req;
MultipartFile file = mreq.getFile("file");
String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmsss");
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(req.getSession().getServletContent().getRealPath("/")+
"upload/"+sdf.format(new Date())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf('.')));
fos.write(file.getBytes());
fos.flush();
fos.close();

return "hello";
}

4、前台form表单

<form acti="mvc/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/from-data">
<input type="file" name="file"><br>
<input type="submit" value="submit">
</form>


十一、使用@RequestParam注解指定参数的name

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class mvcController1{
@RequestMapping(value="/param")
public String testRequestParam(@RequestParam(value="id") Integer id,@RequestParam(value="name") String name){
System.out.println(id+" "+name);
return "/hello";
}
}


十二、RESTFul风格的SpringMVC

1、RestController

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/rest")
public class RestController{
@RequestMapping(value="user/{id}", method=RequestMethod.GET)
pulic String get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
System.out.println("get"+id);
return "/hello";
}

@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}", method=RequestMethod.POST)
public String post(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
System.out.println("post"+id);
return "/hello";
}

@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}", method=RequestMethod.PUT)
public String put(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
System.out.println("put"+id);
return "/hello";
}

@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}", method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
public String delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
System.out.println("delete"+id);
return "/hello";
}
}

2、form表单发送put和delete请求

在web.xml中配置

<!-- configure the HiddenHttpMethodFilter,convert the post method to put
or delete -->
<filter>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter
</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

在前台可以用以下代码产生请求

<form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT">
<input type="submit" value="put">
</form>
<form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
<input type="submit" value="post">
</form>
<form action="rest/user/1" method="get">
<input type="submit" value="get">
</form>
<form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="DELETE">
<input type="submit" value="delete">
</form>


十三、返回json格式的字符串

1、导入以下jar包



2、方法代码

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/json")
public class jsonController{
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping("/user")
public User get(){
User u = new User();
u.setId();
u.setName("jayjay");
u.setBirth(new Date());
return u;
}
}


十四、异常的处理

1、处理局部异常(Controller内)

@ExceptionHandler
public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
ModelAndView mv =new ModelAndView("error");
mv.addObject("exception", ex);
System.out.println("in testExceptionHandler");
return mv;
}
@RequestMapping("/error")
public String error(){
int i = 5/0;
return "hello"
}

2、处理全局异常(所有Controller)

@ControllerAdvice
public class testControllerAdvice{
@ExceptionHandler
public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");
mv.addObject("exception", ex);
System.out.println("in testControllerAdvice");
return mv;
}
}

3、另一种处理全局异常的方法

在SpringMVC配置文件中去配置

<!-- configure SimpleMappingExceptionResolver -->
<bean
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">
<property name="exceptionMappings">
<props>
<prop key="java.lang.ArithmeticException">error</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>

error是出现错误的页面

十五、设置一个自定义拦截器

1、创建一个MyInterceptor类,并实现HandlerInterceptor接口

public class MyIntercptor implements HandlerInterceptor{
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3) throws Exception{
System.out.println("afterCompletion");
}

@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3) throws Exception{
System.out.println("postHandle");
}

@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2) throws Exception {
System.out.println("preHandle");
return true;
}
}

2、在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置

<!-- interceptor setting -->
<mvc:interceptors>
<mvc:interceptor>
<mvc:mapping path="/mvc/**" />
<bean class="test.SpringMVC.Interceptor.MyInterceptor"></bean>
</mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>

3、拦截器执行顺序



十六、表单的验证(使用Hibernate-validate)及国际化

1、导入Hibernate-validate需要的jar包



(未选中不用导入)



2、编写实体类User并加上验证注解

public class User {
public int getId() {
return id;
}

public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}

public String getName() {
return name;
}

public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}

public Date getBirth() {
return birth;
}

public void setBirth(Date birth) {
this.birth = birth;
}

@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";
}

private int id;
@NotEmpty
private String name;
@Past
@DateTimeFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd")
private Date birth;
}

PS:@Post表示时间必须是一个过去值

3、在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表单

<form:form action="form/add" method="post" modelAttribute="user">
id:<form:input path="id"/>
<form:errors path="id"/><br>
name:<form:input path="name"/>
<form:errors path="name"/><br>
birth:<form:input path="birth"/>
<form:errors path="birth"/>
<input type="submit" value="submit">
</form:form>

ps:path对应name

4、Controller中的代码

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/form")
public class formController {
@RequestMapping(value = "/add", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String add(@Valid User u, BindingResult br) {
if (br.getErrorCount() > 0) {
return "addUser";
}
return "showUser";
}

@RequestMapping(value = "/add", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String add(Map<String, Object> map) {
map.put("user", new User());
return "addUser";
}
}

ps:

因为jsp中使用了modelAttribute属性,所以必须在request域中有一个“user”

@Valid表示按照实体上标记的注解验证参数

返回到原页面错误信息回显,表单也会回显

5、错误信息自定义

在src目录下添加locale.properties

NotEmpty.user.name=name can't not be empty
Past.user.birth=birth should be a past value
DateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input is wrong
typeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrong
typeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong

在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

<!-- configure the locale resource -->
<bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">                                  <property name="basename" value="locale">
</property>
</bean>
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