史上最全的SpringMVC学习笔记
2017-08-01 00:00
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一、SpringMVC基础入门,创建一个HelloWorld程序
1,首先,导入SpringMVC需要的jar包。2,添加Web.xml配置文件中关于SpringMVC的配置
<!--configure the setting of springmvcDispatcherServlet and configure the mapping--> <servlet> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value> </init-param> <!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> --> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
3,在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd"> <!-- scan the package and the sub package --> <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC" /> <!-- don't handle the static resource --> <mvc:default-servlet-handler /> <!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting --> <mvc:annotation-driven /> <!-- configure the InternalResourceViewResolver --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver"> <!-- 前缀 --> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" /> <!-- 后缀 --> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> </bean> </beans>
4,在WEB-INF文件夹下创建名为jsp的文件夹,用来存放jsp试图。创建一个hello.jsp,在body中添加“Hello World”。
5,创建包及Controller,如下所示。
6,编写Controller代码
@Controller @RequestMapping("/mvc") public class mvcController{ @RequestMapping("/hello") public String Hello(){ return "hello"; } }
7,启动服务器,在浏览器上输入
http://localhost:8080/项目名/mvc/hello
二、配置解析
1,Dispatcherservlet
Dispatcheerservlet是前置控制器,配置在web.xml文件中的。拦截匹配的请求,Servlet拦截匹配规则要自己定义,把拦截下来的请求,依据相应的规则分发到目标Controller来处理,是匹配spring MVC的第一步。
2,InternalResourceViewResolver
试图名称解析器
3,以上出现的注解
@Controller负责注册到一个bean到spring上下文中
@RequestMapping注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些URL请求
三、SpringMVC常用注解
@Controller负责注册一个bean到spring上下文中
@RequestMapping
注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些URL请求
@RequestBody
该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据,使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析,然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到controller中方法的参数上。
@ResponseBody
该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象,通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后,写入到Response对象的body数据区。
@ModelAttribute
在方法定义上使用@ModelAttribute注解:Spring MVC在调用目标处理方法前,会先逐个调用在方法级上标注了@ModelAttribute的方法
在方法的“入参“前使用@ModelAttribute注解:可以从隐含对象中获取隐含的模型数据中获取对象,再将请求参数-绑定到对象中,再传入“入参”将方法“入参”对象添加到模型中。
@RequestParam
在处理方法“入参”处使用@RequestMapping可以把请求参数传递给请求方法
@PathVariable
绑定URL占位符到入参
@ExceptionHandler
注解到方法上,出现异常时会执行该方法。
@ControllerAdvice
使一个Controller成为全局的异常处理类,类中用@ExceptionHandler方法注解的方法可以处理所有Controller发生的异常。
四、自动匹配参数
//match automatically @RequestMapping("/person") public String toPerson(String name, double age){ System.out.println(name+ " " +age); return "hello"; }
五、自动装箱
1,编写一个Person实体类package test.SpringMVC.model; public class Person { private String name; private int age; public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } }
2,在Controller里面编写方法
//boxing automatically @RequestMapping("/person1") public String toPerson(Person p){ System.out.println(p.getName()+" "+p.getAge()); return "hello"; }
六,使用InitBinder来处理Date类型的参数
//the parameter was converted in initBinder @RequestMapping("/date") public String date(Date date){ System.out.println(date); return "hello"; } //At the time of initialization,convert the type "String" to type "date" @InitBinder public void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){ binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"), true)); }
七、向前台传递参数
//pass the parameters to front-end @RequestMapping("/show") public String showPerson(Map<String, Object> map){ Person p = new Person(); map.put("p", p); p.setAge(20); p.setName("jayjay"); return "show"; }
前台可以在Request域中取到“p”
八、使用Ajax调用
//pass the parameters to font-end using ajax @RequestMapping("/getPerson") public void getPerson(String name. PrintWriter pw){ pw.write("hello,"+ name); } @RequestMapping("/name") public String sayHello(){ return "name"; }
前台用下面的jquery代码调用:
$(function(){ $("#btn").click(function(){ $.post("mvc/getPerson", {name:$("#name").val()}, function(data){ alert(data) }); }); });
九、在Controller中使用redirect方式处理请求
//redirect @RequestMapping("/redirect") public String redirect(){ return "redirect:hello"; }
十、文件上传
1、需要导入两个jar包2、在SpringMVC配置文件中加入
<!-- upload settings --> <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"> <property name="maxUploadSize" value="102400000"> </property> </bean>
3、方法代码
@RequestMapping(value="upload",method=RequestMethod.POST) public String upload(HttpServletRequest req) throws Exception{ MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultiparHttpServletRequest)req; MultipartFile file = mreq.getFile("file"); String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename(); SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmsss"); FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(req.getSession().getServletContent().getRealPath("/")+ "upload/"+sdf.format(new Date())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf('.'))); fos.write(file.getBytes()); fos.flush(); fos.close(); return "hello"; }
4、前台form表单
<form acti="mvc/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/from-data"> <input type="file" name="file"><br> <input type="submit" value="submit"> </form>
十一、使用@RequestParam注解指定参数的name
@Controller @RequestMapping("/test") public class mvcController1{ @RequestMapping(value="/param") public String testRequestParam(@RequestParam(value="id") Integer id,@RequestParam(value="name") String name){ System.out.println(id+" "+name); return "/hello"; } }
十二、RESTFul风格的SpringMVC
1、RestController@Controller @RequestMapping("/rest") public class RestController{ @RequestMapping(value="user/{id}", method=RequestMethod.GET) pulic String get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ System.out.println("get"+id); return "/hello"; } @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}", method=RequestMethod.POST) public String post(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ System.out.println("post"+id); return "/hello"; } @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}", method=RequestMethod.PUT) public String put(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ System.out.println("put"+id); return "/hello"; } @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}", method=RequestMethod.DELETE) public String delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ System.out.println("delete"+id); return "/hello"; } }
2、form表单发送put和delete请求
在web.xml中配置
<!-- configure the HiddenHttpMethodFilter,convert the post method to put or delete --> <filter> <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter </filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>
在前台可以用以下代码产生请求
<form action="rest/user/1" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT"> <input type="submit" value="put"> </form> <form action="rest/user/1" method="post"> <input type="submit" value="post"> </form> <form action="rest/user/1" method="get"> <input type="submit" value="get"> </form> <form action="rest/user/1" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="DELETE"> <input type="submit" value="delete"> </form>
十三、返回json格式的字符串
1、导入以下jar包2、方法代码
@Controller @RequestMapping("/json") public class jsonController{ @ResponseBody @RequestMapping("/user") public User get(){ User u = new User(); u.setId(); u.setName("jayjay"); u.setBirth(new Date()); return u; } }
十四、异常的处理
1、处理局部异常(Controller内)@ExceptionHandler public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){ ModelAndView mv =new ModelAndView("error"); mv.addObject("exception", ex); System.out.println("in testExceptionHandler"); return mv; } @RequestMapping("/error") public String error(){ int i = 5/0; return "hello" }
2、处理全局异常(所有Controller)
@ControllerAdvice public class testControllerAdvice{ @ExceptionHandler public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){ ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error"); mv.addObject("exception", ex); System.out.println("in testControllerAdvice"); return mv; } }
3、另一种处理全局异常的方法
在SpringMVC配置文件中去配置
<!-- configure SimpleMappingExceptionResolver --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver"> <property name="exceptionMappings"> <props> <prop key="java.lang.ArithmeticException">error</prop> </props> </property> </bean>
error是出现错误的页面
十五、设置一个自定义拦截器
1、创建一个MyInterceptor类,并实现HandlerInterceptor接口public class MyIntercptor implements HandlerInterceptor{ @Override public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3) throws Exception{ System.out.println("afterCompletion"); } @Override public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3) throws Exception{ System.out.println("postHandle"); } @Override public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2) throws Exception { System.out.println("preHandle"); return true; } }
2、在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置
<!-- interceptor setting --> <mvc:interceptors> <mvc:interceptor> <mvc:mapping path="/mvc/**" /> <bean class="test.SpringMVC.Interceptor.MyInterceptor"></bean> </mvc:interceptor> </mvc:interceptors>
3、拦截器执行顺序
十六、表单的验证(使用Hibernate-validate)及国际化
1、导入Hibernate-validate需要的jar包(未选中不用导入)
2、编写实体类User并加上验证注解
public class User { public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Date getBirth() { return birth; } public void setBirth(Date birth) { this.birth = birth; } @Override public String toString() { return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]"; } private int id; @NotEmpty private String name; @Past @DateTimeFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd") private Date birth; }
PS:@Post表示时间必须是一个过去值
3、在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表单
<form:form action="form/add" method="post" modelAttribute="user"> id:<form:input path="id"/> <form:errors path="id"/><br> name:<form:input path="name"/> <form:errors path="name"/><br> birth:<form:input path="birth"/> <form:errors path="birth"/> <input type="submit" value="submit"> </form:form>
ps:path对应name
4、Controller中的代码
@Controller @RequestMapping("/form") public class formController { @RequestMapping(value = "/add", method = RequestMethod.POST) public String add(@Valid User u, BindingResult br) { if (br.getErrorCount() > 0) { return "addUser"; } return "showUser"; } @RequestMapping(value = "/add", method = RequestMethod.GET) public String add(Map<String, Object> map) { map.put("user", new User()); return "addUser"; } }
ps:
因为jsp中使用了modelAttribute属性,所以必须在request域中有一个“user”
@Valid表示按照实体上标记的注解验证参数
返回到原页面错误信息回显,表单也会回显
5、错误信息自定义
在src目录下添加locale.properties
NotEmpty.user.name=name can't not be empty Past.user.birth=birth should be a past value DateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input is wrong typeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrong typeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong
在SpringMVC配置文件中配置
<!-- configure the locale resource --> <bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource"> <property name="basename" value="locale"> </property> </bean>
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