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leetcode之Insert Delete GetRandom O(1) 问题

2017-07-25 20:40 316 查看
问题描述:

Design a data structure that supports all following operations in
average O(1) time.


insert(val)
: Inserts an item val to the set if not already present.

remove(val)
:Removes an item val from the set if present.

getRandom
: Returns a random element from current set of elements. Each element must have the same probability of being returned.

示例:

Example:

// Init an empty set.

RandomizedSet randomSet = new RandomizedSet();

// Inserts 1 to the set. Returns true as 1 was inserted successfully.

randomSet.insert(1);

// Returns false as 2 does not exist in the set.

randomSet.remove(2);

// Inserts 2 to the set, returns true. Set now contains [1,2].

randomSet.insert(2);

// getRandom should return either 1 or 2 randomly.

randomSet.getRandom();

// Removes 1 from the set, returns true. Set now contains [2].

randomSet.remove(1);

// 2 was already in the set, so return false.

randomSet.insert(2);

// Since 2 is the only number in the set, getRandom always return 2.

randomSet.getRandom();

题目来源:Insert Delete GetRandom O(1) (详细地址:https://leetcode.com/problems/insert-delete-getrandom-o1/#/description)

思路:三个函数所要完成的操作分别为:插入一个数,删除一个数,取出任意一个数。要求这三个操作都在O(1)的时间内完成,其实很容易就想到了可以采用ArrayList和HashMap来完成这三个操作。为什么呢?我们利用map来保存数组的每个数字的索引,然后list就用来存储具体的每个数。不过在这的删除函数(即remove函数)比较有意思,采用了覆盖的方法,不是直接在list中删除,因为直接在list中删除指定数字的话,后面的数还要往前移动,所以我们就把要删除的数直接移动到最后的索引上去,这样删除就可以避免为O(n)了。

代码:

生成ArrayList和HashMap:



插入函数:



删除函数:



获取任意一个元素:

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标签:  java leetcode 算法 面试