PAT 1004 Counting Leaves (30) Python
2017-07-17 23:40
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题目代码
A family hierarchy is usually presented by a pedigree tree. Your job is to count those family members who have no child. Input Each input file contains one test case. Each case starts with a line containing 0 < N < 100, the number of nodes in a tree, and M (< N), the number of non-leaf nodes. Then M lines follow, each in the format: ID K ID[1] ID[2] ... ID[K] where ID is a two-digit number representing a given non-leaf node, K is the number of its children, followed by a sequence of two-digit ID's of its children. For the sake of simplicity, let us fix the root ID to be 01. Output For each test case, you are supposed to count those family members who have no child for every seniority level starting from the root. The numbers must be printed in a line, separated by a space, and there must be no extra space at the end of each line. The sample case represents a tree with only 2 nodes, where 01 is the root and 02 is its only child. Hence on the root 01 level, there is 0 leaf node; and on the next level, there is 1 leaf node. Then we should output "0 1" in a line. Sample Input 2 1 01 1 02 Sample Output
解题思路
在根据输入建立好家族树的数据结构后,然后进行一次层序遍历,依次计算叶子节点的个数。解题注意点
需要注意N=1,M=0的情况,此时node_dict中没有任何Key,如果没有处理就会Keyrerror导致运行错误。以及在设置函数Python的默认参数需要注意,尽量不要设置默认参数为可变对象,并不会每次调用函数就会创建一个新的可变对象,而是维持对第一次创建可变对象的引用,可以参考这篇文章:Using a mutable default value as an argument
在定义Node中错误的写法:
class Node(object): def __init__(self, ID, parent=None, children=[]): self.id = ID self.parent = parent self.children = children >>> from PAT1004 import Node >>> first = Node('01') >>> first.children.append('something') >>> second = Node('02') >>> second.children ['something']
代码
class Node(object): def __init__(self, ID, parent=None, children=None): self.id = ID self.parent = parent if children is None: self.children = [] else: self.children = children def child_append(self, other): if isinstance(other, list): self.children += other else: self.children.append(other) def main(): nodes, non_leaf = [int(_) for _ in input().split()] if nodes == 1: print("1", end='') return nodes_dict = {} for i in range(non_leaf): leaf_id, children, *children_id = input().split() if leaf_id not in nodes_dict: leaf_node = Node(ID=leaf_id) nodes_dict[leaf_id] = leaf_node else: leaf_node = nodes_dict[leaf_id] for child in children_id: if child not in nodes_dict: child_node = Node(ID=child, parent=leaf_node) nodes_dict[child] = child_node else: child_node = nodes_dict[child] child_node.parent = leaf_node leaf_node.child_append(child_node) root_queue = [nodes_dict['01']] res = [] def recursive(layer_queue): nonlocal res if layer_queue: non_leaf_num = 0 next_queue = [] for node in layer_queue: if not node.children: non_leaf_num += 1 else: next_queue += node.children res.append(non_leaf_num) recursive(next_queue) recursive(root_queue) res = [str(_) for _ in res] print(' '.join(res), end='') if __name__ == '__main__': main()
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