python中if __name__ == '__main__':

Using a module's __name__

Example 8.2. Using a module's __name__

#!/usr/bin/python
# Filename: using_name.py

if __name__ == '__main__':
print 'This program is being run by itself'
else:
print 'I am being imported from another module'

Output

$ python using_name.py
This program is being run by itself

$ python
>>> import using_name
I am being imported from another module
>>>

How It Works

Every Python module has it's

__name__

defined and if this is

'__main__'

, it implies that the module is being run standalone by the user and we can do corresponding appropriate actions.

# Threading example
import time, thread

def myfunction(string, sleeptime, lock, *args):
while 1:
lock.acquire()
time.sleep(sleeptime)
lock.release()
time.sleep(sleeptime)
if __name__ == "__main__":
lock = thread.allocate_lock()
thread.start_new_thread(myfunction, ("Thread #: 1", 2, lock))
thread.start_new_thread(myfunction, ("Thread #: 2", 2, lock))

还有

*args

在这里是什么意思?

当Python解析器读取一个源文件时,它会执行所有的代码.在执行代码前,会定义一些特殊的变量.例如,如果解析器运行的模块(源文件)作为主程序,它将会把

__name__

变量设置成

"__main__"

.如果只是引入其他的模块,

__name__

变量将会设置成模块的名字.

假设下面是你的脚本,让我们作为主程序来执行:

python threading_example.py

当设置完特殊变量,它就会执行

import

语句并且加载这些模块.当遇到

def

代码段的时候,它就会创建一个函数对象并创建一个名叫

myfunction

变量指向函数对象.接下来会读取

if

语句并检查

__name__

是不是等于

"__main__"

,如果是的话他就会执行这个代码段.

这么做的原因是有时你需要你写的模块既可以直接的执行,还可以被当做模块导入到其他模块中去.通过检查是不是主函数,可以让你的代码只在它作为主程序运行时执行,而当其他人调用你的模块中的函数的时候不必执行.