linux下安装mysql总结(用N种方法还是安装版好用)
2017-06-13 10:14
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第一步:
a. 检查MySQL及相关RPM包,是否安装,如果有安装,则移除(rpm –e 名称)
第二步:
b. 下载Linux对应的RPM包,如:CentOS6.4_64对应的RPM包,[root@localhost rpm]# ll
total 74364
-rw-r–r–. 1 root root 18442536 Dec 11 20:19 MySQL-client-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r–r–. 1 root root 3340660 Dec 11 20:06 MySQL-devel-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r–r–. 1 root root 54360600 Dec 11 20:03 MySQL-server-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm:
c. 进去下载好的包目录,安装MySQL
第四步
d. 初始化MySQL及设置密码
(注意:在执行# mysql -uroot –pqKTaFZnl可能会报Access denied for user ‘root’@’localhost’ (using password: NO)错
解决方法:首先 停掉mysql服务器
然后 使用mysqld_safe命令在启动mysql,更新root账号的密码
参数–skip-grant-tables:不启动grant-tables(授权表),跳过权限控制。
参数–skip-networking :跳过TCP/IP协议,只在本机访问(从网上有些资料看,这个选项不是必须的。可以不用)
d16f
之后 执行
新设置用户或更改密码后需用flush privileges刷新MySQL的系统权限相关表,否则会出现拒绝访问,还有一种方法,就是重新启动mysql服务器,来使新设置生效。
另外,如果登录mysql数据库后执行脚本遭遇 ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must SET PASSWORD before executing this statement,可以使用重新设置一次密码即可解决问题.
第五步:
e. 允许远程登陆
第六步:
f. 设置开机自启动
最后:
g. MySQL的默认安装位置
/var/lib/mysql/ #数据库目录
/usr/share/mysql #配置文件目录
/usr/bin #相关命令目录
/etc/init.d/mysql #启动脚本
修改字符集和数据存储路径
配置/etc/my.cnf文件,修改数据存放路径、mysql.sock路径以及默认编码utf-8.
[client]
password = 123456
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld]
port = 3306
character_set_server=utf8
character_set_client=utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8
~~~查看字符集
show variables like ‘%collation%’;
show variables like ‘%char%’;
最后:
mysql -uroot -p123456
a. 检查MySQL及相关RPM包,是否安装,如果有安装,则移除(rpm –e 名称)
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep -i mysql mysql-libs-5.1.66-2.el6_3.x86_64 [root@localhost ~]# yum -y remove mysql-libs*(有其他的继续执行yum相关的命令)
第二步:
b. 下载Linux对应的RPM包,如:CentOS6.4_64对应的RPM包,[root@localhost rpm]# ll
total 74364
-rw-r–r–. 1 root root 18442536 Dec 11 20:19 MySQL-client-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r–r–. 1 root root 3340660 Dec 11 20:06 MySQL-devel-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r–r–. 1 root root 54360600 Dec 11 20:03 MySQL-server-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm:
c. 进去下载好的包目录,安装MySQL
[root@localhost rpm]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm [root@localhost rpm]# rpm -ivh MySQL-devel-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm [root@localhost rpm]# rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
修改配置文件位置
[root@localhost rpm]# cp /usr/share/mysql/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
第四步
d. 初始化MySQL及设置密码
[root@localhost rpm]# /usr/bin/mysql_install_db [root@localhost rpm]# service mysql start [root@localhost rpm]# cat /root/.mysql_secret #查看root账号密码
# The random password set for the root user at Wed Dec 11 23:32:50 2013 (local time): qKTaFZnl [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot –pqKTaFZnl mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456'); #设置密码为123456 mysql> exit [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
(注意:在执行# mysql -uroot –pqKTaFZnl可能会报Access denied for user ‘root’@’localhost’ (using password: NO)错
解决方法:首先 停掉mysql服务器
[root@DB-Server init.d]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql stop Shutting down MySQL..[ OK ]
然后 使用mysqld_safe命令在启动mysql,更新root账号的密码
参数–skip-grant-tables:不启动grant-tables(授权表),跳过权限控制。
参数–skip-networking :跳过TCP/IP协议,只在本机访问(从网上有些资料看,这个选项不是必须的。可以不用)
[root@DB-Server init.d]# mysqld_safe --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking & [2] 9396 [root@DB-Server init.d]# 140722 14:59:46 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/lib/mysql/DB-Server.err'. 140722 14:59:46 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql (这个步骤有错不理)
d16f
之后 执行
[root@DB-Server init.d]# mysql -u root mysql Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.6.19 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> select Host, User, Password,password_expired -> from user -> where user='root' and host='root' or host='localhost'; +-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+------------------+ | Host | User | Password | password_expired | +-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+------------------+ | localhost | root | *A848DE7CCD839E924921BEE41711991DDA0D529E | Y | +-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> update user set password=PASSWORD('123456') -> where user='root' and host='root' or host='localhost'; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
新设置用户或更改密码后需用flush privileges刷新MySQL的系统权限相关表,否则会出现拒绝访问,还有一种方法,就是重新启动mysql服务器,来使新设置生效。
mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> quit Bye [root@DB-Server init.d]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart Shutting down MySQL..140722 15:02:27 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/lib/mysql/DB-Server.pid ended [ OK ] Starting MySQL.[ OK ] [2]- Done mysqld_safe --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking [root@DB-Server init.d]# mysql -u root p ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO) [root@DB-Server init.d]# mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.6.19 Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
另外,如果登录mysql数据库后执行脚本遭遇 ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must SET PASSWORD before executing this statement,可以使用重新设置一次密码即可解决问题.
mysql>set password = password('123456'); )
第五步:
e. 允许远程登陆
mysql> use mysql; mysql> select host,user,password from user; +-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+ | host | user | password | +-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+ | localhost | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | | localhost.localdomain | root | *1237E2CE819C427B0D8174456DD83C47480D37E8 | | 127.0.0.1 | root | *1237E2CE819C427B0D8174456DD83C47480D37E8 | | ::1 | root | *1237E2CE819C427B0D8174456DD83C47480D37E8 | +-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+ mysql> update user set password=password('123456') where user='root'; mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root' and host='localhost'; mysql> flush privileges; mysql> exit
第六步:
f. 设置开机自启动
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig mysql on [root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list | grep mysql mysql 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
最后:
g. MySQL的默认安装位置
/var/lib/mysql/ #数据库目录
/usr/share/mysql #配置文件目录
/usr/bin #相关命令目录
/etc/init.d/mysql #启动脚本
修改字符集和数据存储路径
配置/etc/my.cnf文件,修改数据存放路径、mysql.sock路径以及默认编码utf-8.
[client]
password = 123456
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld]
port = 3306
character_set_server=utf8
character_set_client=utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
(注意linux下mysql安装完后是默认:表名区分大小写,列名不区分大小写; 0:区分大小写,1:不区分大小写)
lower_case_table_names=1(设置最大连接数,默认为 151,MySQL服务器允许的最大连接数16384; )
max_connections=1000[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8
~~~查看字符集
show variables like ‘%collation%’;
show variables like ‘%char%’;
最后:
mysql -uroot -p123456
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