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Android 自定义View与自定义属性(一)+format值与使用方式

2017-06-06 12:07 260 查看

Android 自定义View与自定义属性

继承自View创建自定义控件

测量视图大小

绘制视图内容

如果需要自定义属性,在values/attrs.xml中定义属性

在代码中获取布局中设置的自定义属性的值

1继承自View创建自定义控件

比如我们先自定义一个View 让他去显示一张图片,首先我们创建一个SimpleImageView 继承自View 定义一些需要的成员属性

public class SimpleImageView extends View {

//  初始化画笔
private Paint mPaint;
//  初始化 一个资源文件
private Drawable mDrawable;
//  控件的高度和宽度
private int mWidth;
private int mHeight;
//一个bitmap 对象
private Bitmap mbitmap;
private String text;

public SimpleImageView(Context context) {
this(context,null);
}

public SimpleImageView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
initAttrs(attrs);
mPaint = new Paint();
mPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
}
}


2获取这张图片

给自定义控件添加自定义属性

//在attr.xml中添加自定义属性集 SimpleImageView 表示自定义属性集的名称  src 表示具体属性的名称 format 表示类型 具体类型在下面会给到
<declare-styleable name="SimpleImageView">
<attr name="src" format="reference" />
<attr name="text" format="string"/>
</declare-styleable>


布局文件中设置自定义属性的值

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:img="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">

<com.example.administrator.mytext.SimpleImageView
android:layout_width="100dp"
img:src="@mipmap/h1"
android:layout_height="100dp"
img:text="医院图片1"
/>

</LinearLayout>


在代码里面获取属性的值

//    获取自定义属性
private void initAttrs(AttributeSet attrs) {
if (attrs!=null){
TypedArray array = null;
try {
//                通过name  获取属性集
array = getContext().obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,R.styleable.SimpleImageView);
//                通过name  获取属性集里面的具体属性的具体值(这里是一个图片)
mDrawable = array.getDrawable(R.styleable.SimpleImageView_src);
text = array.getString(R.styleable.SimpleImageView_text);
//                这个方法 是用来获取图片的具体高宽 然后设置控件的具体高宽(类似于设置 wrap_content)
measureDrawable();
}catch (Exception e){

}finally {
if (array!=null){
array.recycle();
}
}
}
}

private void measureDrawable(){
if (mDrawable==null){
throw new RuntimeException("src 不能为null");
}
mWidth = mDrawable.getIntrinsicWidth();
mHeight = mDrawable.getIntrinsicHeight();
}


3绘制视图的大小

我们要获取到布局文件中设置的控件的大小

@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
//        一般不这么用,这里图片有多大控件就有多大 在布局中设置控件的大小将失效
//        setMeasuredDimension(mWidth,mHeight);
//        获取宽度的模式跟大小
int widthMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);
int width = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
//         获取高度的模式跟大小
int heightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);
int heith = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);
//      根据用户设置控件的属性(这里主要是控件的宽高模式和大小 )  绘制出这张图片
setMeasuredDimension(measureWidth(widthMode,width),measureHeight(heightMode,heith));
}

private int measureWidth(int mode,int width){
switch (mode){
//            这两个模式  wrap_content
case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
break;
//                这个模式 就是 match_parent 或者设置具体的值
case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
mWidth = width;
break;
}
return mWidth;
}

//    高度  同上
private int measureHeight(int mode,int height){
switch (mode){
case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
break;
case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
mHeight = height;
break;
}
return mHeight;
}


4绘制视图

@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
if (mbitmap ==null){
mbitmap = Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(BitmapUtils.drawableToBitmap(mDrawable),getMeasuredWidth(),getMeasuredHeight(),true);
}
canvas.drawBitmap(mbitmap,getLeft(),getTop(),mPaint);
mPaint.setColor(Color.BLACK);
mPaint.setTextSize(50);
canvas.drawText(text,getLeft(),getTop(),mPaint);
canvas.restore();
}


5完整代码

public class SimpleImageView extends View {

private Paint mPaint;
private Drawable mDrawable;
private int mWidth;
private int mHeight;
private Bitmap mbitmap;
private String text;

public SimpleImageView(Context context) {
this(context,null);
}

public SimpleImageView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
initAttrs(attrs);
mPaint = new Paint();
mPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
}
// 获取自定义属性 private void initAttrs(AttributeSet attrs) { if (attrs!=null){ TypedArray array = null; try { // 通过name 获取属性集 array = getContext().obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,R.styleable.SimpleImageView); // 通过name 获取属性集里面的具体属性的具体值(这里是一个图片) mDrawable = array.getDrawable(R.styleable.SimpleImageView_src); text = array.getString(R.styleable.SimpleImageView_text); // 这个方法 是用来获取图片的具体高宽 然后设置控件的具体高宽(类似于设置 wrap_content) measureDrawable(); }catch (Exception e){ }finally { if (array!=null){ array.recycle(); } } } } private void measureDrawable(){ if (mDrawable==null){ throw new RuntimeException("src 不能为null"); } mWidth = mDrawable.getIntrinsicWidth(); mHeight = mDrawable.getIntrinsicHeight(); }

@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
// 一般不这么用,这里图片有多大控件就有多大 在布局中设置控件的大小将失效
// setMeasuredDimension(mWidth,mHeight);
// 获取宽度的模式跟大小
int widthMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);
int width = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
// 获取高度的模式跟大小
int heightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);
int heith = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);
// 根据用户设置控件的属性(这里主要是控件的宽高模式和大小 ) 绘制出这张图片
setMeasuredDimension(measureWidth(widthMode,width), measureHeight(heightMode,heith));
}

private int measureWidth(int mode,int width){
switch (mode){
// 这两个模式 wrap_content
case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
break;
// 这个模式 就是 match_parent 或者设置具体的值
case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
mWidth = width;
break;
}
return mWidth;
}
// 高度 同上
private int measureHeight(int mode,int height){
switch (mode){
case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
break;
case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
mHeight = height;
break;
}
return mHeight;
}

@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
if (mbitmap ==null){
mbitmap = Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(BitmapUtils.drawableToBitmap(mDrawable),getMeasuredWidth(),getMeasuredHeight(),true);
}
canvas.drawBitmap(mbitmap,getLeft(),getTop(),mPaint);
mPaint.setColor(Color.BLACK);
mPaint.setTextSize(50);
canvas.drawText(text,getLeft(),getTop(),mPaint);
canvas.restore();
}
}


6 format值与使用方式

reference:源ID。

(1)属性定义:

<declare-styleable name = "名称">

<attr name = "src" format = "reference" />

</declare-styleable>


(2)属性使用:

<ImageView

Android:layout_width = "42dip"
android:layout_height = "42dip"
android:src = "@drawable/图片ID"

/>


color:颜色值。

(1)属性定义:

<declare-styleable name = "名称">

<attr name = "color" format = "color" />

</declare-styleable>


(2)属性使用:

<TextView

android:layout_width = "42dip"
android:layout_height = "42dip"
android:color= "#000000"

/>


boolean:布尔值。

(1)属性定义:

<declare-styleable name = "名称">

<attr name = "boolean" format = "boolean" />

</declare-styleable>


(2)属性使用:

<Button

android:layout_width = "42dip"
android:layout_height = "42dip"

android:boolean = "true"

/>


dimension:尺寸值。

(1)属性定义:

<declare-styleable name = "名称">

<attr name = "width" format = "dimension" />

</declare-styleable>


(2)属性使用:

<Button

android:width = "42dip"
android:height = "42dip"

/>


float:浮点值。

(1)属性定义:

<declare-styleable name = "AlphaAnimation">

<attr name = "fromAlpha" format = "float" />
<attr name = "toAlpha" format = "float" />

</declare-styleable>


(2)属性使用:

<alpha
android:fromAlpha = "1.0"
android:toAlpha = "0.7"

/>


integer:整型值。

(1)属性定义:

<declare-styleable name = "AnimatedRotateDrawable">

<attr name = "visible" />
<attr name = "frameDuration" format="integer" />
<attr name = "framesCount" format="integer" />
<attr name = "pivotX" />
<attr name = "pivotY" />
<attr name = "drawable" />

</declare-styleable>


(2)属性使用:

<animated-rotate

xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:drawable = "@drawable/图片ID"
android:pivotX = "50%"
android:pivotY = "50%"
android:framesCount = "12"
android:frameDuration = "100"

/>


string:字符串。

(1)属性定义:

<declare-styleable name = "MapView">
<attr name = "apiKey" format = "string" />
</declare-styleable>


(2)属性使用:

<com.google.android.maps.MapView
android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
android:apiKey = "0jOkQ80oD1JL9C6HAja99uGXCRiS2CGjKO_bc_g"

/>


fraction:百分数。

(1)属性定义:

<declare-styleable name="RotateDrawable">
<attr name = "visible" />
<attr name = "fromDegrees" format = "float" />
<attr name = "toDegrees" format = "float" />
<attr name = "pivotX" format = "fraction" />
<attr name = "pivotY" format = "fraction" />
<attr name = "drawable" />
</declare-styleable>


(2)属性使用:

<rotate

xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"


   android:interpolator = “@anim/动画ID”

android:fromDegrees = "0"


   android:toDegrees = “360”

android:pivotX = "200%"

android:pivotY = "300%"


   android:duration = “5000”

android:repeatMode = "restart"

android:repeatCount = "infinite"

/>


enum:枚举值。

(1)属性定义:

<declare-styleable name="名称">
<attr name="orientation">
<enum name="horizontal" value="0" />
<enum name="vertical" value="1" />
</attr>

</declare-styleable>


(2)属性使用:

<LinearLayout

xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation = "vertical"
android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
>
</LinearLayout>


flag:位或运算。

(1)属性定义:

<declare-styleable name="名称">
<attr name="windowSoftInputMode">
<flag name = "stateUnspecified" value = "0" />
<flag name = "stateUnchanged" value = "1" />
<flag name = "stateHidden" value = "2" />
<flag name = "stateAlwaysHidden" value = "3" />
<flag name = "stateVisible" value = "4" />
<flag name = "stateAlwaysVisible" value = "5" />
<flag name = "adjustUnspecified" value = "0x00" />
<flag name = "adjustResize" value = "0x10" />
<flag name = "adjustPan" value = "0x20" />
<flag name = "adjustNothing" value = "0x30" />
</attr>

</declare-styleable>


(2)属性使用:

<activity

android:name = ".StyleAndThemeActivity"
android:label = "@string/app_name"
android:windowSoftInputMode = "stateUnspecified | stateUnchanged | stateHidden">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name = "android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name = "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>


注意:

属性定义时可以指定多种类型值。

(1)属性定义:

<declare-styleable name = "名称">

<attr name = "background" format = "reference|color" />

</declare-styleable>


(2)属性使用:

<ImageView

android:layout_width = "42dip"
android:layout_height = "42dip"
android:background = "@drawable/图片ID|#00FF00"

/>
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