POJ - 3278 Catch That Cow

Catch That Cow

Time Limit: 2000MS		Memory Limit: 65536K
Total Submissions: 90830		Accepted: 28508

Description

Farmer John has been informed of the location of a fugitive cow and wants to catch her immediately. He starts at a point N (0 ≤ N ≤ 100,000) on a number line and the cow is at a point K (0 ≤ K ≤ 100,000) on the same number
line. Farmer John has two modes of transportation: walking and teleporting.

* Walking: FJ can move from any point X to the points X - 1 or X + 1 in a single minute

* Teleporting: FJ can move from any point X to the point 2 × X in a single minute.

If the cow, unaware of its pursuit, does not move at all, how long does it take for Farmer John to retrieve it?

Input

Line 1: Two space-separated integers: N and K
Output

Line 1: The least amount of time, in minutes, it takes for Farmer John to catch the fugitive cow.
Sample Input

5 17

Sample Output

4

Hint

The fastest way for Farmer John to reach the fugitive cow is to move along the following path: 5-10-9-18-17, which takes 4 minutes.
Source

USACO 2007 Open Silver

传送门：http://poj.org/problem?id=3278

题意：农夫所在位置为N，0≤N≤100000，奶牛所在位置为K，0≤K≤100000，农夫和奶牛在同一条直线上，农夫每次移动可以向前走一步，或者退后一步，或者传送到当前坐标的2倍位置，比如从5到10，一步完成。奶牛并不知道农夫在抓它，所以一直在原地不动，问农夫最短可以用多少步抓到奶牛。

分析：一道BFS的题，但是DP也可以解，每次BFS都进行三次操作，前进一步，后退一步，传送到二倍位置，如果没有访问过，则标记访问，步数加一，直到找到解。因为农夫后退只能一步一步退，所以用DP的时候先从农夫的初始位置向前扫描，每移动一次步数加一直到到0位置。

for(i=start;i>0;i--)
dp[i-1]=dp[i]+1;

再从初始位置向后扫描，后位置(dp[i])步数为前一位置步数+1(dp[i-1]+1)，再计算从二分之一当前坐标传送到目前位置的步数，取最小值，注意细节处理。当i为奇数时dp[i]=min(dp[i],dp[i/2+1]+2);例如5需要3->6->5，一共两步操作，当i为偶数时dp[i]=min(dp[i],dp[i/2]+1);扫描完成后dp[奶牛初始位置]就为最终答案。

经过测试DP和BFS内存使用不相上下，但DP4ms就能AC，BFS需要32ms。

细节：第一次DP数组只开了100000，一直WA，后来发现是数组不够大，所以遇到这种类型的还是把数组多开几个单位比较保险。

/*DP*/
#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;
const int MAX = 1e5+5;
int start,target;
int now ,pos;
int dp[MAX];
int i;
int main()
{
cin >> start >> target;
for(i=start;i>0;i--)
dp[i-1]=dp[i]+1;
for(i=start+1;i<=target;i++)
{
dp[i]=dp[i-1]+1;
if (i%2==1) dp[i]=min(dp[i],dp[i/2+1]+2);
else
dp[i]=min(dp[i],dp[i/2]+1);
}
cout << dp[target] <<endl;
return 0;
}

/*BFS*/
#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;
const int MAX=1E5+10;
static bool visit[MAX]={false};
static int step[MAX]={0};
int now,position;
int first,finally;
queue <int> que;
int BFS(int n)
{
que.push(n);
while(!que.empty())
{
now=que.front();
que.pop();
for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
{
if (i==0)   position=now-1;
else if(i==1) position=now+1;
else position=2*now;//now 当前位置 position 经过一步移动后的位置
if(visit[position]==false&&position>=0&&position<=MAX)
{
visit[position]=true;
step[position]=step[now]+1;
que.push(position);
}
if(position==finally)
return step[position];
}
}
}
int main()
{
cin >> first >> finally;
while(!que.empty()) que.pop();
memset(visit,false,sizeof(visit));
memset(step,0,sizeof(step));
if (first>=finally) cout << first-finally <<endl;
else
cout << BFS(first) << endl;
return 0;
}