centos7 mysql数据库安装和配置

转载地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/starof/p/4680083.html

一、系统环境

yum update升级以后的系统版本为

[root@yl-web yl]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.1.1503 (Core)

二、mysql安装

一般网上给出的资料都是

#yum install mysql
#yum install mysql-server
#yum install mysql-devel

安装mysql和mysql-devel都成功，但是安装mysql-server失败，如下：

[root@yl-web yl]# yum install mysql-server
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.sina.cn
* extras: mirrors.sina.cn
* updates: mirrors.sina.cn
No package mysql-server available.
Error: Nothing to do

查资料发现是CentOS 7 版本将MySQL数据库软件从默认的程序列表中移除，用mariadb代替了。有两种解决办法：

1、方法一：安装mariadb【建议不要用，直接考虑方法二】

MariaDB数据库管理系统是MySQL的一个分支，主要由开源社区在维护，采用GPL授权许可。开发这个分支的原因之一是：甲骨文公司收购了MySQL后，有将MySQL闭源的潜在风险，因此社区采用分支的方式来避开这个风险。MariaDB的目的是完全兼容MySQL，包括API和命令行，使之能轻松成为MySQL的代替品。安装mariadb，大小59 M。

[root@yl-web yl]# yum install mariadb-server mariadb

mariadb数据库的相关命令是：systemctl start mariadb  #启动MariaDBsystemctl stop mariadb  #停止MariaDBsystemctl restart mariadb  #重启MariaDBsystemctl enable mariadb  #设置开机启动所以先启动数据库

[root@yl-web yl]# systemctl start mariadb

然后就可以正常使用mysql了

[root@yl-web yl]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 3
Server version: 5.5.41-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]>

安装mariadb后显示的也是 MariaDB [(none)]> ，可能看起来有点不习惯。下面是第二种方法。

2、方法二：官网下载安装mysql-server

建议用windows系统直接下载，再用secureCRT直接上传到目录中；

# wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm # rpm -ivh mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm# yum install mysql-community-server

安装成功后重启mysql服务。

# service mysqld restart

初次安装mysql，root账户没有密码。

[root@yl-web yl]# mysql -u rootWelcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 3Server version: 5.6.26 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database           |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql              || performance_schema || test               |+--------------------+4 rows in set (0.01 sec)mysql> 

设置密码

mysql> set password for 'root'@'localhost' =password('password');Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> 

这条sql的执行，可能会产生异常：ERROR 1558 (HY000): Column count of mysql.user is wrong. Expected 43, found 42. Created with MySQL 50552, now running 50636. Please use mysql_upgrade to fix this error.mysql> create user 'username'@'%' identified by 'password';ERROR 1558 (HY000): Column count of mysql.user is wrong. Expected 43, found 42. Created with MySQL 50552, now running 50636. Please use mysql_upgrade to fix this error.这时的解决办法:使用命令：mysql_upgrade就可以解决不需要重启数据库即可生效。在mysql安装过程中如下内容：

Installed:  mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.6.26-2.el7                mysql-community-devel.x86_64 0:5.6.26-2.el7                  mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.6.26-2.el7                  mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.6.26-2.el7               Dependency Installed:  mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.6.26-2.el7                                                                            Replaced:  mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0          mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0   mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0    mariadb-server.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0  

所以安装完以后mariadb自动就被替换了，将不再生效。

[root@yl-web yl]# rpm -qa |grep mariadb[root@yl-web yl]# 

三、配置mysql

1、编码

mysql配置文件为/etc/my.cnf最后加上编码配置

[mysql]default-character-set =utf8

这里的字符编码必须和/usr/share/mysql/charsets/Index.xml中一致。

2、远程连接设置

把在所有数据库的所有表的所有权限赋值给位于所有IP地址的root用户。

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%'identified by 'password';

如果是新用户而不是root，则要先新建用户

mysql>create user 'username'@'%' identified by 'password';

此时就可以进行远程连接了。