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[Solution] DI原理解析及Castle、Unity框架使用

2017-05-08 11:06 543 查看
DI介绍控制反转（Inversion of Control，英文缩写为IoC）是一个重要的面向对象编程的法则来削减计算机程序的耦合问题.依赖注入（Dependency Injection,英文缩写为DI）是一种设计模式.其实本质都是指同一件事,强调的内容不一样.IoC强调容器的作用,DI强调注入的作用.通常IoC和DI可以理解为一个意思,只是指的对象不同.

DI基本原理

DI本质上是通过容器来反射创建实例. 1个简单的类
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class
Person

{

public
 
void
 
Say()

{

Console.WriteLine(
"Person's say method is Called"
);

}

}

反射代码(className:类的全限定名)
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private
 
static
 
object
 
CreateInstance(Assembly assembly,
string
 
className)

{

var
 
type = assembly.GetType(className);

return
 
type !=
null
 
? Activator.CreateInstance(type) :
null
;

}

执行(XX为命名空间)
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static
 
void
 
Main(
string
[] args)

{

var
 
obj = CreateInstance(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly(),
"XX.Person"
);

var
 
person = obj
as
 
Person;

if
 
(person !=
null
)

{

person.Say();

}

Console.ReadKey();

}

在上面能看到1个问题,一般情况下.既然使用DI,就不知道具体的注入对象.所以强调面向接口编程.所以实际上一般先定义接口,再通过DI容器创建对象.
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interface
 
IPerson

{

void
 
Say();

}

class
 
Person : IPerson

{

public
 
void
 
Say()

{

Console.WriteLine(
"Person's say method is Called"
);

}

}

执行
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static
 
void
 
Main(
string
[] args)

{

var
 
obj = CreateInstance(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly(),
"Demo.Person"
);

var
 
person = obj
as
 
IPerson;

if
 
(person !=
null
)

{

person.Say();

}

Console.ReadKey();

}

DI框架
DI框架流行的有Castle Windsor,Unity...(Autofac Spring.Net已经聊过,不再演示)在DI框架中,一般需要将对象注册到容器中,然后从容器解析出来.
 
Castle
Install-Package Castle.Windsor待注入类
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interface
 
ITransient

{

 

}

interface
 
IPerson

{

void
 
Say();

}

class
 
Person : IPerson, ITransient

{

public
 
void
 
Say()

{

Console.WriteLine(
"Person's say method is Called"
);

}

}

注册解析方式一
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static
 
void
 
Main(
string
[] args)

{

using
 
(
var
 
container =
new
 
WindsorContainer())

{

container.Register(Component.For<Person, IPerson>());

var
 
person = container.Resolve<IPerson>();

person.Say();

}

Console.ReadKey();

}

注册解析方式二
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public
 
class
 
AssmInstaller : IWindsorInstaller

{

public
 
void
 
Install(IWindsorContainer container, IConfigurationStore store)

{

container.Register(Classes.FromThisAssembly()
//选择Assembly

.IncludeNonPublicTypes() 
//约束Type

.BasedOn<ITransient>() 
//约束Type

.WithService.DefaultInterfaces() 
//匹配类型

.LifestyleTransient());
//注册生命周期

}

}

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static
 
void
 
Main(
string
[] args)

{

using
 
(
var
 
container =
new
 
WindsorContainer())

{

container.Install(
new
 
AssmInstaller());

var
 
person = container.Resolve<IPerson>();

person.Say();

}

Console.ReadKey();

}

构造函数注入
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class
 
Task : ITransient

{

public
 
IPerson Person {
get
;
set
;}

public
 
Task(IPerson person)

{

Person = person;

Person.Say();

}

}

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static
 
void
 
Main(
string
[] args)

{

using
 
(
var
 
container =
new
 
WindsorContainer())

{

container.Install(
new
 
AssmInstaller());

container.Resolve<Task>();

}

Console.ReadKey();

}

属性注入
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class
 
Task : ITransient

{

public
 
IPerson Person {
get
;
set
;}

public
 
Task()

{

}

public
 
void
 
Say()

{

Person.Say();

}

}

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static
 
void
 
Main(
string
[] args)

{

using
 
(
var
 
container =
new
 
WindsorContainer())

{

container.Install(
new
 
AssmInstaller());

container.Resolve<Task>().Say();

}

Console.ReadKey();

}

MVC集成Install-Package Castle.Windsor.Mvc Application_Start注册
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protected
 
void
 
Application_Start()

{

RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);

var
 
container =
new
 
WindsorContainer()

.Install(FromAssembly.This());

var
 
controllerFactory =
new
 
WindsorControllerFactory(container.Kernel);

ControllerBuilder.Current.SetControllerFactory(controllerFactory);

}

Installer注册
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public
 
class
 
AssmInstaller : IWindsorInstaller

{

public
 
void
 
Install(IWindsorContainer container, IConfigurationStore store)

{

container.Register(Classes.FromThisAssembly()

.IncludeNonPublicTypes()

.BasedOn<ITransient>()

.WithService.DefaultInterfaces()

.LifestyleTransient());

container.Register(Classes.FromThisAssembly()

.BasedOn<Controller>()

.LifestyleTransient()

);

}

}

这样Castle Windsor就能接管解析Controller了. 
Unity
Install-Package Unity待注入类
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public
 
interface
 
IPerson

{

void
 
Say();

}

public
 
class
 
Person : IPerson

{

public
 
void
 
Say()

{

Console.WriteLine(
"Person's say method is Called"
);

}

}

注册解析一
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static
 
void
 
Main(
string
[] args)

{

using
 
(
var
 
container =
new
 
UnityContainer())

{

container.RegisterType<IPerson, Person>(
new
 
TransientLifetimeManager());

var
 
person = container.Resolve<IPerson>();

person.Say();

}

Console.ReadKey();

}

注册解析二
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static
 
void
 
Main(
string
[] args)

{

using
 
(
var
 
container =
new
 
UnityContainer())

{

container.RegisterInstance<IPerson>(
new
 
Person());

var
 
person = container.Resolve<IPerson>();

person.Say();

}

Console.ReadKey();

}

构造函数注入
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class
 
Task : ITask

{

public
 
IPerson Person {
get
;
set
;}

public
 
Task(IPerson person)

{

Person = person;

Person.Say();

}

}

public
 
interface
 
ITask

{

}

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static
 
void
 
Main(
string
[] args)

{

using
 
(
var
 
container =
new
 
UnityContainer())

{

container.RegisterInstance<IPerson>(
new
 
Person());

container.RegisterType<ITask, Task>();

container.Resolve<ITask>();

}

Console.ReadKey();

}

属性注入
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class
 
Task : ITask

{

[Dependency]

public
 
IPerson Person {
get
;
set
;}

public
 
Task(IPerson person)

{

Person = person;

}

public
 
void
 
Say()

{

Person.Say();

}

}

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static
 
void
 
Main(
string
[] args)

{

using
 
(
var
 
container =
new
 
UnityContainer())

{

container.RegisterInstance<IPerson>(
new
 
Person());

container.RegisterType<ITask, Task>();

var
 
task = container.Resolve<ITask>();

task.Say();

}

Console.ReadKey();

}

MVC集成Install-Package Unity.Mvc Application_Start注册
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protected
 
void
 
Application_Start()

{

RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);

var
 
container =
new
 
UnityContainer();

container.RegisterType<IPerson, Person>();

DependencyResolver.SetResolver(
new
 
UnityDependencyResolver(container));

}

这样Unity就接管了Controller的创建
                                            

                                        

                        
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