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从零开始完整搭建LNMP环境+WordPress部署

2017-04-23 11:07 881 查看
0.说明

内容会有点多,但是下面的内容都是自己在学习LNMP环境搭建过程中的完整再现,所以非常具有参考价值!
下面用一个以最小化方式(Minimal)安装的CentOS 6.5操作系统为例,演示LNMP环境完整搭建过程,并且最后部署了一个WordPress博客,最后完成的效果如下:




1.关于实验环境的说明
本次实验的测试环境使用的宿主机操作系统为Windows 7,在Vmware虚拟机安装CentOS 6.5,说明如下:宿主机操作系统Windows 7
虚拟机安装的操作系统CentOS 6.5
虚拟机操作系统上网方式NAT
而当使用NAT的方式进行上网时虚拟机、宿主机之间的网络连接关系可如下所示:

关于为什么网络拓扑结构是这样的,这里不展开说明,可以参考博主的另一篇博文《在实践中深入理解VMware虚拟机的上网模式NAT模式》,这篇文章深入地分析了VMware虚拟机使用NAT模式上网时的网络结构细节,相信看完这篇文章后,这里搭建Nginx的实验环境也就很容易理解了。 所以首先,应该是自己先配置好网络环境,让宿主机跟我们的虚拟机可以通信,实际上,如果理解了VMware虚拟机上网方式的原理,同时对CentOS的网络配置也很熟悉,这一步是可以很轻松完成的,这里就不给出过程了,这里所用的IP地址跟上面的图示是一样的。
最后,我们是在宿主机上访问我们搭建的WordPress博客的,非常不错,可以体验一下!

2.LNMP环境搭建:Nginx安装、测试与域名配置
事实上,在另一篇博文中有非常详细的介绍《在CentOS上编译安装Nginx+实验环境搭建+测试》,不过这里为了完整性,依然会给出所有步骤,只是过程会简化很多。

(1)Nginx安装1.安装Nginx依赖函数库pcre、openssl-devel
[root@leaf ~]# yum install -y pcre pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel
......
[root@leaf ~]# rpm -q pcre pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel
pcre-7.8-7.el6.x86_64
pcre-devel-7.8-7.el6.x86_64
openssl-1.0.1e-48.el6_8.4.x86_64
openssl-devel-1.0.1e-48.el6_8.4.x86_64
2.下载安装Nginx
这里使用Nginx1.6.3,如下:
# 下载Nginx
[root@leaf ~]# yum install -y wget
[root@leaf ~]# mkdir tools
[root@leaf ~]# cd tools/
[root@leaf tools]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz [root@leaf tools]# ll
总用量 788
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 805253 4月   8 2015 nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz

# 解压缩
[root@leaf tools]# tar zxf nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz
[root@leaf tools]# ll
总用量 792
drwxr-xr-x. 8 1001 1001   4096 4月   7 2015 nginx-1.6.3
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 805253 4月   8 2015 nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz

# 指定编译参数
[root@leaf tools]# yum install -y gcc    # 需要先安装gcc
[root@leaf tools]# mkdir /application    # 作为Nginx的安装目录
[root@leaf tools]# useradd nginx -s /sbin/nologin -M
[root@leaf tools]# tail -1 /etc/passwd
nginx:x:500:500::/home/nginx:/sbin/nologin
[root@leaf tools]# cd nginx-1.6.3
[root@leaf nginx-1.6.3]# ./configure --user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/application/nginx-1.6.3/ --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
[root@leaf nginx-1.6.3]# echo $?    # 结果输出0则说明命令执行成功
0

# 编译
[root@leaf nginx-1.6.3]# make
[root@leaf nginx-1.6.3]# echo $?
0

# 安装
[root@leaf nginx-1.6.3]# make install
[root@leaf nginx-1.6.3]# echo $?
0

# 建立安装目录的软链接
[root@leaf nginx-1.6.3]# ln -s /application/nginx-1.6.3/ /application/nginx
[root@leaf nginx-1.6.3]# ls -l /application/
总用量 4
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root   25 3月   4 04:28 nginx -> /application/nginx-1.6.3/
drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 4096 3月   4 04:27 nginx-1.6.3

(2)Nginx测试
1.启动Nginx
[root@leaf ~]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -t    # 检查配置文件
nginx: the configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3//conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3//conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@leaf ~]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx    # 启动Nginx服务
2.CentOS上验证Nginx服务
[root@leaf ~]# netstat -lntup | grep 80
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80                  0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      3929/nginx
[root@leaf ~]# curl localhost
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
3.宿主机上验证Nginx服务

在宿主机浏览器上输入CentOS主机的IP地址10.0.0.101,如下:


(3)域名配置
这一部分的内容在另一篇博文也有很详细的介绍《Nginx配置多个基于域名的虚拟主机+实验环境搭建+测试》,可以参考一下,所以这里不会给出非常详细的说明。
因为要搭建一个博客服务,所以这里配置的域名为blog.xpleaf.org,操作过程如下:
1.最小化配置文件
[root@leaf ~]# cd /application/nginx/conf/
[root@leaf conf]# wc -l nginx.conf
117 nginx.conf
[root@leaf conf]# wc -l nginx.conf.default
117 nginx.conf.default
[root@leaf conf]# egrep -v "#|^$" nginx.conf.default >nginx.conf
[root@leaf conf]# wc -l nginx.conf
22 nginx.conf
[root@leaf conf]# cat nginx.conf
worker_processes  1;
events {
worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
include       mime.types;
default_type  application/octet-stream;
sendfile        on;
keepalive_timeout  65;
server {
listen       80;
server_name  localhost;
location / {
root   html;
index  index.html index.htm;
}
error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root   html;
}
}
}
2.修改配置文件
修改nginx.conf,并且增加配置文件extra/blog.conf,如下:
[root@leaf conf]# cat nginx.conf
worker_processes  1;
events {
worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
include       mime.types;
default_type  application/octet-stream;
sendfile        on;
keepalive_timeout  65;
include extra/blog.conf;
}
[root@leaf conf]# cat extra/blog.conf
server {
listen       80;
server_name  blog.xpleaf.org;
location / {
root   html/blog;
index  index.html index.htm;
}
}
3.创建域名对应的站点目录及文件
[root@leaf conf]# cd ../html/
[root@leaf html]# mkdir blog
[root@leaf html]# echo "This page is: blog.xpleaf.org">blog/index.html
[root@leaf html]# cat blog/index.html
This page is: blog.xpleaf.org
4.重启Nginx服务
[root@leaf html]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3//conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
[root@leaf html]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload    # 平滑重启
5.CentOS 6.5上进行测试
先修改/etc/hosts文件:
[root@leaf html]# echo "127.0.0.1 blog.xpleaf.org" >>/etc/hosts
[root@leaf html]# tail -1 /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 blog.xpleaf.org
再使用命令测试:
[root@leaf html]# curl blog.xpleaf.org
This page is: blog.xpleaf.org
[root@leaf html]# wget blog.xpleaf.org
--2017-03-04 04:58:42--  http://blog.xpleaf.org/ 正在解析主机 blog.xpleaf.org... 127.0.0.1
正在连接 blog.xpleaf.org|127.0.0.1|:80... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求,正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度:30 [text/html]
正在保存至: “index.html.1”

100%[====================================>] 30          --.-K/s   in 0s

2017-03-04 04:58:42 (2.14 MB/s) - 已保存 “index.html.1” [30/30])
6.宿主机Windows 7上进行测试
同样是先修改hosts文件,Windows 7的hosts文件在C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc,同样添加下面一行:
10.0.0.101 blog.xpleaf.org
使用浏览器访问blog.xpleaf.org,如下:



那么到这里,LNMP的环境中,Nginx的安装已经完成了,你是否安装成功了呢?

3.LNMP环境搭建:MySQL安装与基本安全优化

这里采用二进制安装的方式来安装MySQL,安装的版本为:MySQL Server 5.5.54,可以在https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.5.html#downloads中下载。 MySQL安装完成后会做一些基本的安全优化。

(1)MySQL安装1.创建MySQL用户的账号
[root@leaf ~]# groupadd mysql
[root@leaf ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql -M mysql
[root@leaf ~]# tail -1 /etc/passwd
mysql:x:501:501::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin
2.下载MySQL
可以使用wget来进行安装,也可以先下载到Windows 7上,然后使用SecureCRT,在CentOS上使用rz命令(需要使用yum install -y lrzsz命令安装)上传到我们的CentOS上,其实不管哪一种方式,只要有方式获取到该安装包就可以了,下面使用的是wget获取安装包的方式:
[root@leaf tools]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.54-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz [root@leaf tools]# ls -l mysql-5.5.54-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 185911232 3月   3 13:34 mysql-5.5.54-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz
3.解压并移到指定目录
[root@leaf tools]# tar xf mysql-5.5.54-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@leaf tools]# mv mysql-5.5.54-linux2.6-x86_64 /application/mysql-5.5.54
[root@leaf tools]# ln -s /application/mysql-5.5.54/ /application/mysql
[root@leaf tools]# ls -l /application/
总用量 8
lrwxrwxrwx.  1 root root   26 3月   4 06:43 mysql -> /application/mysql-5.5.54/
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 4096 3月   4 06:42 mysql-5.5.54
lrwxrwxrwx.  1 root root   25 3月   4 04:28 nginx -> /application/nginx-1.6.3/
drwxr-xr-x. 11 root root 4096 3月   4 04:30 nginx-1.6.3
4.初始化MySQL配置文件
[root@leaf mysql]# cp support-files/my-small.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp:是否覆盖"/etc/my.cnf"? y
5.初始化MySQL数据库文件
[root@leaf mysql]# mkdir -p /application/mysql/data/
[root@leaf mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /application/mysql
[root@leaf mysql]# yum install -y libaio    # 安装MySQL依赖函数库,否则下面的初始化会失败
[root@leaf mysql]# /application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/application/mysql/data --user=mysql
......
# 输出结果可以看到两个OK,即说明初始化成功
[root@leaf mysql]# echo $?    # 或者通过该命令,输出为0,即说明上一个步骤的命令执行成功
0

# 上面之后可以看到/application/mysql/data/目录下生成的数据库文件
6.配置并启动MySQL数据库
#(1)设置MySQL启动脚本
[root@leaf mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@leaf mysql]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@leaf mysql]# ls -l /etc/init.d/mysqld
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10875 3月   4 06:56 /etc/init.d/mysqld

#(2)替换启动脚本中MySQL默认的安装路径/usr/local/mysql
[root@leaf mysql]# sed -i 's#/usr/local/mysql#/application/mysql#g' /application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe /etc/init.d/mysqld

#(3)启动MySQL数据库
[root@leaf mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/application/mysql/data/leaf.err'.
... SUCCESS!

#(4)检查MySQL数据库是否启动
[root@leaf mysql]# netstat -lntup | grep mysql
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      4400/mysqld

#(5)查看日志
[root@leaf mysql]# tail -10 /application/mysql/data/leaf.err
InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables
InnoDB: Foreign key constraint system tables created
170304  7:00:28  InnoDB: Waiting for the background threads to start
170304  7:00:29 InnoDB: 5.5.54 started; log sequence number 0
170304  7:00:29 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '0.0.0.0'; port: 3306
170304  7:00:29 [Note]   - '0.0.0.0' resolves to '0.0.0.0';
170304  7:00:29 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '0.0.0.0'.
170304  7:00:29 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events
170304  7:00:29 [Note] /application/mysql/bin/mysqld: ready for connections.
Version: '5.5.54'  socket: '/tmp/mysql.sock'  port: 3306  MySQL Community Server (GPL)

#(6)设置MySQL开机启动
[root@leaf mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@leaf mysql]# chkconfig mysqld on
[root@leaf mysql]# chkconfig --list mysqld
mysqld          0:关闭  1:关闭  2:启用  3:启用  4:启用  5:启用  6:关闭

#(7)配置mysql命令的全局使用路径(注意这里配置的是命令,前面配置的只是启动脚本)
[root@leaf mysql]# echo 'export PATH=/application/mysql/bin:$PATH' >>/etc/profile
[root@leaf mysql]# source /etc/profile
[root@leaf mysql]# echo $PATH
/application/mysql/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

#(8)登陆MySQL测试
[root@leaf mysql]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.54 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.05 sec)

mysql> select user();    # 查看当前登陆的用户
+----------------+
| user()         |
+----------------+
| root@localhost |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select host, user from mysql.user;
+-----------+------+
| host      | user |
+-----------+------+
| 127.0.0.1 | root |
| ::1       | root |
| leaf      |      |
| leaf      | root |
| localhost |      |
| localhost | root |
+-----------+------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> quit
Bye

(2)MySQL基本安全优化
1.为root用户设置密码
[root@leaf mysql]# mysqladmin -u root password '123456'
2.清理无用的MySQL用户及数据库
[root@leaf mysql]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.5.54 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> select user, host from mysql.user;
+------+-----------+
| user | host      |
+------+-----------+
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| root | ::1       |
|      | leaf      |
| root | leaf      |
|      | localhost |
| root | localhost |
+------+-----------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop user "root"@"::1";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop user ""@"leaf";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop user "root"@"leaf";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> drop user ""@"localhost";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select user, host from mysql.user;
+------+-----------+
| user | host      |
+------+-----------+
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| root | localhost |
+------+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

# 删除无用的数据库
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop database test;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

到此为此,MySQL也安装完成了!

4.LNMP环境搭建:PHP(FastCGI方式)安装、配置与启动
(1)安装PHP依赖函数库
1.安装lib库

需要安装的lib库如下:
zlib-devel libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel libjpeg-turbo-devel libiconv-devel
freetype-devel libpng-devel gd-devel libcurl-devel libxslt-devel
其中除了libiconv库外,其他都可以通过yum的方式进行安装,安装如下:
# 使用yum安装除libiconv-devel之外的其它lib库
[root@leaf mysql]# yum install -y zlib-devel libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel libjpeg-turbo-devel libiconv-devel freetype-devel libpng-devel gd-devel libcurl-devel libxslt-devel

# 编译安装libiconv-devel
[root@leaf tools]# wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.14.tar.gz [root@leaf tools]# tar zxf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
[root@leaf tools]# cd libiconv-1.14
[root@leaf libiconv-1.14]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libiconv
[root@leaf libiconv-1.14]# make
[root@leaf libiconv-1.14]# make install
2.安装libmcrypt库
[root@leaf ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo [root@leaf ~]# yum install -y libmcrypt-devel
3.安装mhash加密扩展库
[root@leaf ~]# yum install -y mhash
4.安装mcrypt加密扩展库
[root@leaf ~]# yum install -y mcrypt

(2)安装PHP
使用的PHP版本号为5.3.27,如下:
1.下载PHP安装包
[root@leaf tools]# wget http://cn2.php.net/get/php-5.3.27.tar.gz/from/this/mirror [root@leaf tools]# mv mirror php-5.3.27.tar.gz
[root@leaf tools]# ls -l php-5.3.27.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 15008639 1月  21 2015 php-5.3.27.tar.gz
2.解压缩
[root@leaf tools]# tar zxf php-5.3.27.tar.gz
[root@leaf tools]# cd php-5.3.27
[root@leaf php-5.3.27]# pwd
/root/tools/php-5.3.27
3.配置PHP的安装参数
配置项非常多,如下:
./configure \
--prefix=/application/php5.3.27 \
--with-mysql=/application/mysql \
--with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
--enable-opcache \
--with-iconv-dir=/usr/local/libiconv \
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-zlib \
--with-libxml-dir=/usr \
--enable-xml \
--disable-rpath \
--enable-bcmath \
--enable-shmop \
--enable-sysvsem \
--enable-inline-optimization \
--with-curl \
--with-curlwrappers \
--enable-mbregex \
--enable-fpm \
--enable-mbstring \
--with-mcrypt \
--with-gd \
--enable-gd-native-ttf \
--with-openssl \
--with-mhash \
--enable-pcntl \
--enable-sockets \
--with-xmlrpc \
--enable-soap \
--enable-short-tags \
--enable-static \
--with-fpm-user=nginx \
--with-fpm-group=nginx \
--enable-ftp \
--enable-zip
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| License:                                                           |
| This software is subject to the PHP License, available in this     |
| distribution in the file LICENSE.  By continuing this installation |
| process, you are bound by the terms of this license agreement.     |
| If you do not agree with the terms of this license, you must abort |
| the installation process at this point.                            |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+

Thank you for using PHP.
4.编译PHP
[root@leaf php-5.3.27]# ln -s /application/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.18 /usr/lib64/
[root@leaf php-5.3.27]# touch ext/phar/phar.phar
[root@leaf php-5.3.27]# make
......
[root@leaf php-5.3.27]# echo $?
0
5.安装PHP
[root@leaf php-5.3.27]# make install
/root/tools/php-5.3.27/build/shtool install -c ext/phar/phar.phar /application/php5.3.27/bin
ln -s -f /application/php5.3.27/bin/phar.phar /application/php5.3.27/bin/phar
Installing PDO headers:          /application/php5.3.27/include/php/ext/pdo/
......
[root@leaf php-5.3.27]# echo $?
0

(3)配置与启动PHP
1.设置PHP安装目录软链接
[root@leaf php-5.3.27]# ln -s /application/php5.3.27/ /application/php
[root@leaf php-5.3.27]# ls -l /application/php
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 23 3月   4 08:59 /application/php -> /application/php5.3.27/
2.拷贝PHP配置文件到PHP默认目录
[root@leaf php-5.3.27]# cp php.ini-production /application/php/lib/php.ini
[root@leaf php-5.3.27]# ls -l /application/php/lib/php.ini
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 69627 3月   4 09:00 /application/php/lib/php.ini
3.配置php-fpm.conf文件
[root@leaf php-5.3.27]# cd /application/php/etc/
[root@leaf etc]# ls
pear.conf  php-fpm.conf.default
[root@leaf etc]# cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
4.启动PHP服务php-fpm
[root@leaf etc]# /application/php/sbin/php-fpm
5.检查启动进程与侦听端口号
[root@leaf etc]# ps -ef | grep php-fpm
root     129256      1  0 09:05 ?        00:00:00 php-fpm: master process (/application/php5.3.27/etc/php-fpm.conf)
nginx    129257 129256  0 09:05 ?        00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
nginx    129258 129256  0 09:05 ?        00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
root     129260  13743  0 09:06 pts/1    00:00:00 grep php-fpm
[root@leaf etc]# netstat -lntup | grep 9000
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:9000              0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      129256/php-fpm

至此,PHP也安装完成了!LNMP的各个组件都安装好了,下面就要对LNMP环境进行测试了。

5.LNMP环境测试
(1)配置Nginx支持PHP程序请求访问
1.查看当前Nginx配置
[root@leaf etc]# cd /application/nginx/conf/
[root@leaf conf]# cat nginx.conf worker_processes 1; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; include extra/blog.conf; } [root@leaf conf]# cat extra/blog.conf server { listen 80; server_name blog.xpleaf.org; location / { root html/blog; index index.html index.htm; } }
2.修改extra/blog.conf配置文件
[root@leaf conf]# cat extra/blog.conf
server {
listen       80;
server_name  blog.xpleaf.org;
location / {
root   html/blog;
index  index.html index.htm;
}
location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$ {
root   html/blog;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi.conf;
}
}
3.检查并启动Nginx
[root@leaf conf]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3//conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /application/nginx-1.6.3//conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@leaf conf]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

(2)测试LNMP环境是否生效
1.配置域名站点目录
[root@leaf conf]# cd /application/nginx/html/blog/
[root@leaf blog]# echo "<?php phpinfo(); ?>" >test_info.php
[root@leaf blog]# cat test_info.php
<?php phpinfo(); ?>
2.宿主机上在浏览器中输入地址http://blog.xpleaf.org/test_info.php进行访问


(3)测试PHP连接MySQL是否正常
1.编辑text_mysql.php
[root@leaf blog]# cat test_mysql.php
<?php
$link_id=mysql_connect('localhost', 'root', '123456');
if($link_id){
echo "mysql succesful by xpleaf !";
}else{
echo mysql_error();
}
?>
2.宿主机上在浏览器中输入地址http://blog.xpleaf.org/test_mysql.php进行访问



至此,LNMP环境搭建与测试完成了,下面就可以开始部署WordPress了!

6.部署WordPress

(1)MySQL数据库准备

1.登陆mysql
[root@leaf blog]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.5.54 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>
2.创建数据库wordpress
mysql> create database wordpress;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.32 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| wordpress          |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3.创建wordpress blog管理用户
mysql> grant all on wordpress.* to wordpress@'localhost' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)
mysql> show grants for wordpress@'localhost';
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for wordpress@localhost                                                                                   |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'wordpress'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9' |
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `wordpress`.* TO 'wordpress'@'localhost'                                                 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
4.刷新MySQL用户权限
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.31 sec)
5.检查MySQL登录用户

mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+-----------+-----------+
| user      | host      |
+-----------+-----------+
| root      | 127.0.0.1 |
| root      | localhost |
| wordpress | localhost |
+-----------+-----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

(2)Nginx配置准备1.修改blog.conf配置文件
[root@leaf conf]# cat extra/blog.conf
server {
listen       80;
server_name  blog.xpleaf.org;
location / {
root   html/blog;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
}
location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$ {
root   html/blog;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi.conf;
}
}
# 相比前面的配置文件,只是在/下添加了index.php
# 不过需要注意的是,index.php一定要放在index关键字之后,
# 这样访问blog.xpleaf.org时,才会打开我们的WordPress页面
2.重启Nginx服务
[root@leaf conf]# /application/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

(3)配置WordPress
1.获取WordPress安装包
[root@leaf tools]# wget https://cn.wordpress.org/wordpress-4.7.3-zh_CN.tar.gz [root@leaf tools]# ls -lh wordpress-4.7.2-zh_CN.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8.1M 1月  28 08:53 wordpress-4.7.2-zh_CN.tar.gz
2.解压缩与配置站点目录
[root@leaf tools]# cp wordpress-4.7.2-zh_CN.tar.gz /application/nginx/html/blog/
[root@leaf tools]# cd /application/nginx/html/blog/
[root@leaf blog]# tar zxf wordpress-4.7.2-zh_CN.tar.gz
[root@leaf blog]# ls
index.html     test_mysql.php  wordpress-4.7.2-zh_CN.tar.gz
test_info.php  wordpress
[root@leaf blog]# rm -rf test_* wordpress-4.7.2-zh_CN.tar.gz    # 删除无用的文件
[root@leaf blog]# ls
index.html  wordpress
[root@leaf blog]# mv wordpress/* ./    # 将wordpress程序移到当前blog目录下
[root@leaf blog]# ls
index.html       wp-admin              wp-includes        wp-signup.php
index.php        wp-blog-header.php    wp-links-opml.php  wp-trackback.php
license.txt      wp-comments-post.php  wp-load.php        xmlrpc.php
readme.html      wp-config-sample.php  wp-login.php
wordpress        wp-content            wp-mail.php
wp-activate.php  wp-cron.php           wp-settings.php
[root@leaf blog]# ls -l
总用量 196
-rw-r--r--.  1 root   root     30 3月   4 04:54 index.html
-rw-r--r--.  1 nobody 65534   418 9月  25 2013 index.php
-rw-r--r--.  1 nobody 65534 19935 1月   3 02:51 license.txt
-rw-r--r--.  1 nobody 65534  6956 1月  28 08:53 readme.html
drwxr-xr-x.  2 nobody 65534  4096 3月   4 09:50 wordpress
......
3.对blog下所有文件授予nginx用户和组的权限
[root@leaf blog]# chown -R nginx.nginx ../blog/
[root@leaf blog]# ls -l
总用量 196
-rw-r--r--.  1 nginx nginx    30 3月   4 04:54 index.html
-rw-r--r--.  1 nginx nginx   418 9月  25 2013 index.php
-rw-r--r--.  1 nginx nginx 19935 1月   3 02:51 license.txt
-rw-r--r--.  1 nginx nginx  6956 1月  28 08:53 readme.html
drwxr-xr-x.  2 nginx nginx  4096 3月   4 09:50 wordpress
......

(4)安装WordPress

在宿主机浏览器上输入地址:http://blog.xpleaf.org,如下:


接下来的安装都是非常人性化的,点击“现在就开始”,出现下面的页面:


填好信息后,点击“提交”,如下:


点击“进行安装”,接下来就会让我们填写一些信息,如下:


点击“安装WordPress”,之后就会显示如下页面:


显示上面的页面,就说明我们的WordPress安装成功了!接下来就可以好好管理自己的个人WordPress博客站点了!

7.下一步要做什么
可以在云主机上,如腾讯云或者阿里云上搭建LNMP环境,再部署一个WordPress博客程序,为了达到域名访问的效果,可以购买一个域名,然后自己搭建DNS服务器,这会是非常不错的体验!
接下来就可以考虑对LNMP进行优化了。
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