Nginx反向代理+负载均衡简单实现（https方式）

背景：
A服务器（192.168.1.8）作为nginx代理服务器
B服务器（192.168.1.150）作为后端真实服务器

现在需要访问https://testwww.huanqiu.com请求时从A服务器上反向代理到B服务器上

这就涉及到nginx反向代理https请求的配置了~~~

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A服务器（192.168.1.8）上的操作流程：

1）编译安装nginx
[root@opd ~]# yum install -y pcre pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel gcc
[root@opd ~]# cd /usr/loca/src
[root@src ~]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz
[root@src ~]# tar -zxvf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz
[root@src ~]# cd nginx-1.8.0
#添加www用户，其中-M参数表示不添加用户家目录，-s参数表示指定shell类型

[root@nginx-1.8.0 ~]#useradd www -M -s /sbin/nologin
[root@nginx-1.8.0 ~]##vim auto/cc/gcc
#将这句注释掉 取消Debug编译模式 大概在179行
#CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -g"

#我们再配置下nginx编译参数，编译时一定要添加--with-http_ssl_module，以便让nginx支持ssl功能！
[root@nginx-1.8.0 ~]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=www --group=www --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
[root@nginx-1.8.0 ~]#make
[root@nginx-1.8.0 ~]#make install clean

2）配置nginx
[root@nginx-1.8.0 ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf
[root@nginx-1.8.0 conf]# vim nginx.conf

[root@nginx-1.8.0 conf]# ulimit -n 65535
[root@nginx-1.8.0 conf]# mkdir vhosts

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接下来手动配置ssl证书
如果自己手动颁发证书的话，那么https是不被浏览器认可的，就是https上面会有一个大红叉
****************************************************
推荐一个免费的网站：https://www.startssl.com/
startssl的操作教程看这个：http://www.freehao123.com/startssl-ssl/
****************************************************

下面是手动颁发证书的操作：
[root@linux-node1 ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/
[root@linux-node1 conf]# mkdir ssl
[root@linux-node1 conf]# cd ssl/
[root@linux-node1 ssl]# openssl genrsa -des3 -out aoshiwei.com.key 1024
Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus
................................++++++
....................................++++++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
Enter pass phrase for aoshiwei.com.key: #提示输入密码，比如这里我输入123456
Verifying - Enter pass phrase for aoshiwei.com.key: #确认密码，继续输入123456

[root@linux-node1 ssl]# ls #查看，已生成CSR(Certificate Signing Request)文件
aoshiwei.com.key

[root@linux-node1 ssl]# openssl req -new -key aoshiwei.com.key -out aoshiwei.com.csr
Enter pass phrase for aoshiwei.com.key: #输入123456
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:cn #国家
State or Province Name (full name) []:beijing #省份
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:beijing #地区名字
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:huanqiu #公司名
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:Technology #部门
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:huanqiu #CA主机名
Email Address []:wangshibo@xqshijie.cn #邮箱

Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:123456 #证书请求密钥，CA读取证书的时候需要输入密码
An optional company name []:huanqiu #-公司名称，CA读取证书的时候需要输入名称

[root@linux-node1 ssl]# ls
aoshiwei.com.csr aoshiwei.com.key

[root@linux-node1 ssl]# cp aoshiwei.com.key aoshiwei.com.key.bak
[root@linux-node1 ssl]# openssl rsa -in aoshiwei.com.key.bak -out aoshiwei.com.key
Enter pass phrase for aoshiwei.com.key.bak: #输入123456
writing RSA key
[root@linux-node1 ssl]# openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in aoshiwei.com.csr -signkey aoshiwei.com.key -out aoshiwei.com.crt
Signature ok
subject=/C=cn/ST=beijing/L=beijing/O=huanqiu/OU=Technology/CN=huanqiu/emailAddress=wangshibo@xqshijie.cn
Getting Private key
[root@linux-node1 ssl]# ll
total 24
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 960 Sep 12 16:01 aoshiwei.com.crt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 769 Sep 12 15:59 aoshiwei.com.csr
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 887 Sep 12 16:01 aoshiwei.com.key
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 963 Sep 12 16:01 aoshiwei.com.key.bak

然后配置nginx的反向代理：
[root@linux-node1 vhosts]# pwd
/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts
[root@linux-node1 vhosts]# cat test.xqshijie.com-ssl.conf
upstream 8090 {
server 192.168.1.150:8090 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;;
}

server {
listen 443;
server_name testwww.huanqiu.com;
ssl on;

### SSL log files ###
access_log logs/ssl-access.log;
error_log logs/ssl-error.log;

### SSL cert files ###
ssl_certificate ssl/aoshiwei.com.crt; #由于这个证书是自己手动颁发的，是不受信任的，访问时会有个“大叉”提示，但是不影响访问https://testwww.huanqiu.com
ssl_certificate_key ssl/aoshiwei.com.key; #如果是线上环境，可以购买被信任后的证书，拷贝过来使用。
ssl_session_timeout 5m;

location / {
proxy_pass https://8090; #这个一定要是https
proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https;
proxy_redirect off;
}
}

重启nginx
[root@linux-node1 ssl]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
[root@linux-node1 ssl]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

[root@linux-node1 ssl]# lsof -i:443
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
nginx 15755 nobody 24u IPv4 4717921 0t0 TCP *:https (LISTEN)
nginx 15756 nobody 24u IPv4 4717921 0t0 TCP *:https (LISTEN)
nginx 15757 nobody 24u IPv4 4717921 0t0 TCP *:https (LISTEN)
nginx 15758 nobody 24u IPv4 4717921 0t0 TCP *:https (LISTEN)

A服务器要开启防火墙了，则需要在iptables里开通443端口的访问
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT

[root@linux-node1 ssl]# /etc/init.d/iptables restart

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后端真是服务器（192.168.1.150）上的nginx配置

[root@dev-new-test1 vhosts]# cat test.xqshijie.com-ssl.conf
server {
listen 8090; #这里后端服务器的https没有采用默认的443端口

server_name testwww.huanqiu.com;
root /var/www/vhosts/test.huanqiu.com/httpdocs/main/;

ssl on;
ssl_certificate /Data/app/nginx/certificates/xqshijie.cer; #这是后端服务器上的证书，这个是购买的被信任的证书，可以把它的证书拷贝给上面的代理机器使用
ssl_certificate_key /Data/app/nginx/certificates/xqshijie.key; #可以将这两个证书拷给上面192.168.1.8的/usr/loca/nginx/conf/ssl下使用，修改nginx代理配置部分的证书路径即可！

ssl_session_timeout 5m;

ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

access_log /var/www/vhosts/test.huanqiu.com/logs/clickstream_ssl.log main;

location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ @router;
index index.php;
}

error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;

location @router {
rewrite ^.*$ /index.php last;
}

location ~ \.php$ {
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9001;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
#include fastcgi_params;
include fastcgi.conf;
fastcgi_param HTTPS on; #这个一定要加上，否则访问https时会出现报错：The plain HTTP request was sent to HTTPS port
}
} ##end server

[root@dev-new-test1 vhosts]# lsof -i:8090
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
nginx 24373 root 170u IPv4 849747 0t0 TCP *:8090 (LISTEN)
nginx 25897 nobody 170u IPv4 849747 0t0 TCP *:8090 (LISTEN)
nginx 25898 nobody 170u IPv4 849747 0t0 TCP *:8090 (LISTEN)

最后在浏览器里访问https://testwww.huanqiu.com就能通过192.168.1.8服务器反向代理到192.168.1.150上的8090端口上了~

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下面顺便附上一个测试的nginx代理配置（http和https）

[root@linux-node1 vhosts]# cat testhuanqiu.com
upstream 8802 {
server 192.168.1.150:8802 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
}
upstream 8803 {
server 192.168.1.150:8803 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
}
upstream 8804 {
server 192.168.1.150:8804 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
}
upstream 8805 {
server 192.168.1.150:8805 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
}

server {
listen 80;
server_name test10erp.fangfull.com;
location / {
proxy_store off;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_pass http://8802; }
}

server {
listen 80;
server_name test10www.fangfull.com;
location / {
proxy_store off;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_pass http://8803; }
}

server {
listen 443;
server_name test10fanghu.xqshijie.com;
ssl on;

### SSL cert files ###
ssl_certificate ssl/xqshijie.cer;
ssl_certificate_key ssl/xqshijie.key;
ssl_session_timeout 5m;

location / {
proxy_pass https://8804; proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https;
proxy_redirect off;
}
}

server {
listen 443;
server_name test10www.xqshijie.com;
ssl on;

### SSL cert files ###
ssl_certificate ssl/xqshijie.cer;
ssl_certificate_key ssl/xqshijie.key;
ssl_session_timeout 5m;

location / {
proxy_pass https://8805; proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https;
proxy_redirect off;
}
}
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