Nginx自学手册（一） upstream及fastcgi

（一）nginx upstream实现负载均衡
Ngx_http_upstream_module模块可实现七层负载均衡，定义的服务器组可被proxy_pass、fastcgi_pass、uwsgi_pass、scgi_pass和memcached_pass所引用，具体可以参考官方文档： http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_upstream_module.html
1，当前的环境：
Nginx upstream IP：192.168.180.2
node1 : 192.168.180.2:8080
node2 : 192.168.180.3:8080
目前两台主机的服务都已经再跑如图：






2，nginx upstream配置
（1）只定义http段的定义服务器组

user  ftp;
worker_processes  3;
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
events {
use epoll;
worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
include       mime.types;
default_type  application/octet-stream;
#include       proxy.conf;
log_format yundns_log '$server_name $remote_addr [$time_local] "$request" $status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';
log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log  logs/access.log  main;
access_log on;
server_tokens off;
sendfile        on;
tcp_nopush     on;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 256;
client_header_buffer_size 256k;
#large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 256k;
client_body_buffer_size 256k;
client_header_timeout     3m;
client_body_timeout 3m;
send_timeout             3m;
client_max_body_size 50m;
keepalive_timeout  120;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
#fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
#fastcgi_buffers 8 64k;
#fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
#fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
fastcgi_buffer_size 128k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 256k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length  1k;
gzip_buffers     4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types       text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary on;
#limit_req_zone $anti_SendSms zone=anti_SendSms:30m rate=1r/m;
limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=anti_SendSms:30m rate=1r/m;
upstream guojinbao{
ip_hash;
server 192.168.180.2:8080;
server 192.168.180.3:8080;
}
include server/*.conf;
}

（2）定义虚拟主机段location区段的proxy_pass中服务器组

server {
listen       443 ssl http2;
server_name  localhost;
#ssl                  on;
ssl_certificate      guojinbao.geotrust.crt;
ssl_certificate_key  guojinbao.geotrust.key;
rewrite ^/invitejoin/(.*)\.htm[l]?$  /register.shtml?$1 last;
index index.jsp index.html;
root /opt/static/home;
location ~ .* {
proxy_pass http://guojinbao; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
#proxy_set_header X-Forward-For $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
}
}

3，测试：
把其中一台服务关闭先把192.168.180.2:8080服务关闭，看下能不能调到192.168.180.3这台服务器上
如下图：






可以正常访问说明服务已调到192.168.180.3这台服务器上，负载均衡已起作用。
备注：主要参数说明：
server 192.168.0.30 weight=2;此处的weight为权重，默认为1；
主要算法，rr，wrr，ip_hash等，可在upstream中定义；
server 192.168.0.30 max_files=3 fail_timeout=30s;此处的max_files，fail_timeout为健康状态检测，超过3次未响应，超时30s，就从server列表中移除。
server 192.168.0.30 backup;标记为备份
server 192.168.0.30 down;标记为不可用，与ip_hash算法一同使用

二、Nginx fastcgi
1、fastcgi全称为高速的通用网关接口，是HTTP服务器与动态脚本语言之间通信的接口，其工作模式与反向代理差不多，实现客户端请求的动静分离。

2 配置fastcfi_params