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Django + Uwsgi + Nginx 实现生产环境部署

2017-04-05 00:00 886 查看

文章来源：http://www.oldboyedu.com/XinXi/pythonjishuwenzhang/257.html

内容

uwsgi介绍

uwsgi安装使用

nginx安装配置

django with nginx

如何在生产上部署Django?

Django的部署可以有很多方式，采用nginx+uwsgi的方式是其中比较常见的一种方式。

uwsgi介绍

uWSGI是一个Web服务器，它实现了WSGI协议、uwsgi、http等协议。Nginx中HttpUwsgiModule的作用是与uWSGI服务器进行交换。

要注意 WSGI / uwsgi/ uWSGI 这三个概念的区分。

WSGI是一种Web服务器网关接口。它是一个Web服务器（如nginx，uWSGI等服务器）与web应用（如用Flask框架写的程序）通信的一种规范。

uwsgi是一种线路协议而不是通信协议，在此常用于在uWSGI服务器与其他网络服务器的数据通信。

而uWSGI是实现了uwsgi和WSGI两种协议的Web服务器。

uwsgi协议是一个uWSGI服务器自有的协议，它用于定义传输信息的类型（type of information），每一个uwsgipacket前4byte为传输信息类型描述，它与WSGI相比是两样东西。

uwsgi性能非常高

uWSGI的主要特点如下

超快的性能

低内存占用（实测为apache2的mod_wsgi的一半左右）

多app管理（终于不用冥思苦想下个app用哪个端口比较好了-.-）

详尽的日志功能（可以用来分析app性能和瓶颈）

高度可定制（内存大小限制，服务一定次数后重启等）

总而言之uwgi是个部署用的好东东，正如uWSGI作者所吹嘘的：

If you are searching for a simple wsgi-only server, uWSGI is not for you, but if you are building a real (production-ready) app that need to be rock-solid, fast and easy to distribute/optimize for various load-average, you will pathetically and morbidly fall in love (we hope) with uWSGI.

Uwsgi 安装使用

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# Install the latest stable release:

pip install uwsgi

# ... or if you want to install the latest LTS (long term support) release,

pip install https:

projects.unbit.it

downloads

uwsgi

lts.tar.gz

基本测试

Create a file called

test.py

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# test.py

def

application(env, start_response):

start_response(

'200 OK'

, [(

'Content-Type'

'text/html'

)])

return

[b

"Hello World"

# python3

#return ["Hello World"]# python2

运行

1	uwsgi - - http: 8000 - - wsgi - file test.py

用uwsgi启动django

1	uwsgi - - http: 8000 - - module mysite.wsgi

　　

可以把参数写到配置文件里

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alex@alex

ubuntu:~

uwsgi

test$ more crazye

uwsgi.ini

[uwsgi]

http

#the local unix socketfile than commnuincate to Nginx

socket

127.0

0.1

# the base directory (full path)

chdir

home

alex

CrazyEye

# Django's wsgi file

wsgi

file

CrazyEye

wsgi.py

# maximum number of worker processes

processes

#thread numbers startched in each worker process

threads

#monitor uwsgistatus

stats

127.0

0.1

# clear environment on exit

vacuum

true

启动

1	/ usr / local / bin / uwsgicrazye - uwsgi.ini

Nginx安装使用　　

1 2	sudoapt - get install nginx sudo / etc / init.d / nginx start # start nginx

为你的项目生成Nginx配置文件

You will need the

uwsgi_params

file, which is available in the

nginx

directory of the uWSGI distribution, or from https://github.com/nginx/nginx/blob/master/conf/uwsgi_params

Copy it into your project directory. In a moment we will tell nginx to refer to it.

Now create a file called mysite_nginx.conf, and put this in it:

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# mysite_nginx.conf

# the upstream component nginx needs to connect to

upstream django {

# serverunix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock;# for a file socket

server

127.0

0.1

# for a web port socket(we'll use this first)

# configuration of the server

server{

# the port your site will be served on

listen

# the domain name it will serve for

server_name .example.com;

# substitute your machine's IP address or FQDN

charset utf

# max upload size

client_max_body_size

75M

# adjust to taste

# Django media

location

media  {

alias

path

to

your

mysite

media;

# your Django project's media files - amend as required

location

static {

alias

path

to

your

mysite

static;

# your Django project's static files - amend as required

# Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server.

location

uwsgi_pass  django;

include

path

to

your

mysite

uwsgi_params;

# the uwsgi_params file you installed

This conf file tells nginx to serve up media and static files from the filesystem, as well as handle requests that require Django’s intervention. For a large deployment it is considered good practice to let one serverhandle static/media files, and another handle Django applications, but for now, this will do just fine.

Symlink to this file from /etc/nginx/sites-enabled so nginx can see it:

1	sudoln - s ~ / path / to / your / mysite / mysite_nginx.conf / etc / nginx / sites - enabled /

Deploying static files

Before running nginx, you have to collect all Django static files in the static folder. First of all you have to edit mysite/settings.py adding:

1	STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static/" )

and then run

1	python manage.py collectstatic

　　

此时启动Nginx 和Uwsgi，你的django项目就可以实现高并发啦！

　　
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