记录程序崩溃时的调用堆栈

最近有个用户遇到程序Crash问题，但我们的机器都不能重现，于是在网上搜了一把，发现有个MSJExceptionHandler类还比较好用，故整理了一下供大家参考。

这个类的使用方法很简单，只要把这个类加入到你的工程（不管是MFC,com,dll都可以）中一起编译就可以了，由于在这个类的实现文件中把定义了一个全局的类对象，所以不用加入任何代码，连#include都不需要。

一、VS2008创建一个基于对话框的工程testCrash

1.首先设置工程为Release编译，将msjexhnd.h和msjexhnd.cpp加入到这个工程

此时编译程序会提示错误fatal error C1010: unexpected end of file while lookingfor precompiled header. Did you forget to add '#include "stdafx.h"'to your source?

2.设置导入的.cpp文件不使用预编译头

工程中选中msjexhnd.cpp右键>属性，在c/c++>PrecompiledHeaders>Create/Use Precompiled Headers选择Not Using PrecompiledHeaders,Ok编译程序，成功。

3.右键工程属性设置生成cod、map文件

在c/c++>OutputFiles>Assembler Output，选择Assembly, Machine Code and Source(/FAcs).这个选项将为每个源文件（*.cpp）生成机器码、汇编码和源代码的对应表，可以在“Release”目录下找到和查看这些文件。

在Linker>Debugging>Generate Map File，选择Yes(/MAP)，这个选项将生成编译后的函数地址和函数名的对应表。

rebuild此工程，可以在生成exe文件的Release目录找到testCrash.map，在生成中间临时文件的Release目录下生成testCrashDlg.cod

4.在工程中加入测试代码，并重新编译程序

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void CtestCrashDlg::OnBnClickedOk()

{

// TODO: Add your control notificationhandler code here

int *p = NULL;

*p = 0; //给空指针赋值

OnOK();

}

二、查找Crash

详细介绍：查找崩溃

1.运行testCrash.exe，点击ok按钮，程序crash

此时会在exe同一目录下生成文件 testCrash.RPT，你可以自己定义此文件位置及名字，具体看MSJExceptionHandler的构造函数。

2.用文本方式打开testCrash.RPT，可以看到这一行

Call stack:

Address Frame Logical addr Module

00401452 0037F888 01:00000452 d:\myown\test\testcrash\release\testCrash.exe

注意01:00000452就是程序崩溃的地址

3.打开testCrash.map，可以找到

0001:00000450 ?OnBnClickedOk@CtestCrashDlg@@QAEXXZ00401450
f testCrashDlg.obj

0001:00000460 ?Create@CDialog@@UAEHIPAVCWnd@@@Z00401460
f i testCrashDlg.obj

由于崩溃地址是01:00000452，大于0001:00000450，小于0001:00000460，所以可以肯定是CtestCrashDlg::OnBnClickedOk里崩溃。

并且相对地址是00000452-00000450=2（16进制），代码对应在testCrashDlg.cod因为最后面显示的是testCrashDlg.obj

4.打开testCrashDlg.cod，找到
; COMDAT ?OnBnClickedOk@CtestCrashDlg@@QAEXXZ

_TEXT SEGMENT

?OnBnClickedOk@CtestCrashDlg@@QAEXXZPROC ;CtestCrashDlg::OnBnClickedOk,
COMDAT

; _this$ = ecx

; 155 : //TODO:
Add your control notification handler code here

; 156 : int*p=NULL;

00000 33c0 xor eax,
eax

; 157 : *p
=0;

00002 8900 mov DWORD
PTR [eax], eax

; 158 : OnOK();

前面带分号的是注释，不带的是汇编代码，汇编代码前面5位数是代码在此函数的相对地址，00002就是偏移2，正是我们要找的崩溃的地方。

它上面的一行是注释实际的源代码; 157 : *p = 0;

好，终于找到元凶！

测试工程（包含打印类）：http://download.csdn.net/detail/qing666888/9718906

在程序release之后，不可避免的会存在一些bug，测试人员和最终用户如何在发现bug之后指导开发人员进行更正呢？在MS的网站上，有一篇名为"Under
the hook"的文章，讲述了如何把程序崩溃时的函数调用情况记录为日志的方法，对此感兴趣的读者可以去看一看原文,那里提供源代码和原理的说明。

文章的作者提供了一个MSJExceptionHandler类来实现这一功能，这个类的使用方法很简单，只要把这个类加入到你的工程中并和你的程序一起编译就可以了，由于在这个类的实现文件中把自己定义为一个全局的类对象，所以，不用加入任何代码，#include都不需要。

当程序崩溃时，MSJExceptionHandler就会把崩溃时的堆栈调用情况记录在一个.rpt文件中，软件的测试人员或最终用户只要把这个文件发给你，而你使用记事本打开这个文件就可以查看崩溃原因了。你需要在发行软件的时候，为你的程序生成一个或几个map文件，用于定位出错的文件和函数。(我的另一篇blog中有关于生成map文件和定位错误的详细说明)为了方便使用，这里附上该类的完整代码：

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// msjexhnd.h

#ifndef __MSJEXHND_H__

#define __MSJEXHND_H__

class MSJExceptionHandler

{

public:

MSJExceptionHandler( );

~MSJExceptionHandler( );

void SetLogFileName( PTSTR pszLogFileName );

private:

// entry point where control comes on an unhandled exception

static LONG WINAPI MSJUnhandledExceptionFilter(

PEXCEPTION_POINTERS pExceptionInfo );

// where report info is extracted and generated

static void GenerateExceptionReport( PEXCEPTION_POINTERS pExceptionInfo );

// Helper functions

static LPTSTR GetExceptionString( DWORD dwCode );

static BOOL GetLogicalAddress( PVOID addr, PTSTR szModule, DWORD len,

DWORD& section, DWORD& offset );

static void IntelStackWalk( PCONTEXT pContext );

static int __cdecl _tprintf(const TCHAR * format, ...);

// Variables used by the class

static TCHAR m_szLogFileName[MAX_PATH];

static LPTOP_LEVEL_EXCEPTION_FILTER m_previousFilter;

static HANDLE m_hReportFile;

};

extern MSJExceptionHandler g_MSJExceptionHandler; // global instance of class

#endif

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// msjexhnd.cpp

//==========================================

// Matt Pietrek

// Microsoft Systems Journal, April 1997

// FILE: MSJEXHND.CPP

//==========================================

#include< windows.h>

#include< tchar.h>

#include "msjexhnd.h"

//============================== Global Variables =============================

//

// Declare the static variables of the MSJExceptionHandler class

//

TCHAR MSJExceptionHandler::m_szLogFileName[MAX_PATH];

LPTOP_LEVEL_EXCEPTION_FILTER MSJExceptionHandler::m_previousFilter;

HANDLE MSJExceptionHandler::m_hReportFile;

MSJExceptionHandler g_MSJExceptionHandler; // Declare global instance of class

//============================== Class Methods =============================

//=============

// Constructor

//=============

MSJExceptionHandler::MSJExceptionHandler( )

{

// Install the unhandled exception filter function

m_previousFilter = SetUnhandledExceptionFilter(MSJUnhandledExceptionFilter);

// Figure out what the report file will be named, and store it away

GetModuleFileName( 0, m_szLogFileName, MAX_PATH );

// Look for the '.' before the "EXE" extension. Replace the extension

// with "RPT"

PTSTR pszDot = _tcsrchr( m_szLogFileName, _T('.') );

if ( pszDot )

{

pszDot++; // Advance past the '.'

if ( _tcslen(pszDot) >= 3 )

_tcscpy( pszDot, _T("RPT") ); // "RPT" -> "Report"

}

}

//============

// Destructor

//============

MSJExceptionHandler::~MSJExceptionHandler( )

{

SetUnhandledExceptionFilter( m_previousFilter );

}

//==============================================================

// Lets user change the name of the report file to be generated

//==============================================================

void MSJExceptionHandler::SetLogFileName( PTSTR pszLogFileName )

{

_tcscpy( m_szLogFileName, pszLogFileName );

}

//===========================================================

// Entry point where control comes on an unhandled exception

//===========================================================

LONG WINAPI MSJExceptionHandler::MSJUnhandledExceptionFilter(

PEXCEPTION_POINTERS pExceptionInfo )

{

m_hReportFile = CreateFile( m_szLogFileName,

GENERIC_WRITE,

0,

0,

OPEN_ALWAYS,

FILE_FLAG_WRITE_THROUGH,

0 );

if ( m_hReportFile )

{

SetFilePointer( m_hReportFile, 0, 0, FILE_END );

GenerateExceptionReport( pExceptionInfo );

CloseHandle( m_hReportFile );

m_hReportFile = 0;

}

if ( m_previousFilter )

return m_previousFilter( pExceptionInfo );

else

return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH;

}

//===========================================================================

// Open the report file, and write the desired information to it. Called by

// MSJUnhandledExceptionFilter

//===========================================================================

void MSJExceptionHandler::GenerateExceptionReport(

PEXCEPTION_POINTERS pExceptionInfo )

{

// Start out with a banner

_tprintf( _T("//=====================================================\n") );

PEXCEPTION_RECORD pExceptionRecord = pExceptionInfo->ExceptionRecord;

// First print information about the type of fault

_tprintf( _T("Exception code: %08X %s\n"),

pExceptionRecord->ExceptionCode,

GetExceptionString(pExceptionRecord->ExceptionCode) );

// Now print information about where the fault occured

TCHAR szFaultingModule[MAX_PATH];

DWORD section, offset;

GetLogicalAddress( pExceptionRecord->ExceptionAddress,

szFaultingModule,

sizeof( szFaultingModule ),

section, offset );

_tprintf( _T("Fault address: %08X %02X:%08X %s\n"),

pExceptionRecord->ExceptionAddress,

section, offset, szFaultingModule );

PCONTEXT pCtx = pExceptionInfo->ContextRecord;

// Show the registers

#ifdef _M_IX86 // Intel Only!

_tprintf( _T("\nRegisters:\n") );

_tprintf(_T("EAX:%08X\nEBX:%08X\nECX:%08X\nEDX:%08X\nESI:%08X\nEDI:%08X\n"),

pCtx->Eax, pCtx->Ebx, pCtx->Ecx, pCtx->Edx, pCtx->Esi, pCtx->Edi );

_tprintf( _T("CS:EIP:%04X:%08X\n"), pCtx->SegCs, pCtx->Eip );

_tprintf( _T("SS:ESP:%04X:%08X EBP:%08X\n"),

pCtx->SegSs, pCtx->Esp, pCtx->Ebp );

_tprintf( _T("DS:%04X ES:%04X FS:%04X GS:%04X\n"),

pCtx->SegDs, pCtx->SegEs, pCtx->SegFs, pCtx->SegGs );

_tprintf( _T("Flags:%08X\n"), pCtx->EFlags );

// Walk the stack using x86 specific code

IntelStackWalk( pCtx );

#endif

_tprintf( _T("\n") );

}

//======================================================================

// Given an exception code, returns a pointer to a static string with a

// description of the exception

//======================================================================

LPTSTR MSJExceptionHandler::GetExceptionString( DWORD dwCode )

{

#define EXCEPTION( x ) case EXCEPTION_##x: return _T(#x);

switch ( dwCode )

{

EXCEPTION( ACCESS_VIOLATION )

EXCEPTION( DATATYPE_MISALIGNMENT )

EXCEPTION( BREAKPOINT )

EXCEPTION( SINGLE_STEP )

EXCEPTION( ARRAY_BOUNDS_EXCEEDED )

EXCEPTION( FLT_DENORMAL_OPERAND )

EXCEPTION( FLT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO )

EXCEPTION( FLT_INEXACT_RESULT )

EXCEPTION( FLT_INVALID_OPERATION )

EXCEPTION( FLT_OVERFLOW )

EXCEPTION( FLT_STACK_CHECK )

EXCEPTION( FLT_UNDERFLOW )

EXCEPTION( INT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO )

EXCEPTION( INT_OVERFLOW )

EXCEPTION( PRIV_INSTRUCTION )

EXCEPTION( IN_PAGE_ERROR )

EXCEPTION( ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION )

EXCEPTION( NONCONTINUABLE_EXCEPTION )

EXCEPTION( STACK_OVERFLOW )

EXCEPTION( INVALID_DISPOSITION )

EXCEPTION( GUARD_PAGE )

EXCEPTION( INVALID_HANDLE )

}

// If not one of the "known" exceptions, try to get the string

// from NTDLL.DLL's message table.

static TCHAR szBuffer[512] = { 0 };

FormatMessage( FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS | FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_HMODULE,

GetModuleHandle( _T("NTDLL.DLL") ),

dwCode, 0, szBuffer, sizeof( szBuffer ), 0 );

return szBuffer;

}

//==============================================================================

// Given a linear address, locates the module, section, and offset containing

// that address.

//

// Note: the szModule paramater buffer is an output buffer of length specified

// by the len parameter (in characters!)

//==============================================================================

BOOL MSJExceptionHandler::GetLogicalAddress(

PVOID addr, PTSTR szModule, DWORD len, DWORD& section, DWORD& offset )

{

MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION mbi;

if ( !VirtualQuery( addr,& mbi, sizeof(mbi) ) )

return FALSE;

DWORD hMod = (DWORD)mbi.AllocationBase;

if ( !GetModuleFileName( (HMODULE)hMod, szModule, len ) )

return FALSE;

// Point to the DOS header in memory

PIMAGE_DOS_HEADER pDosHdr = (PIMAGE_DOS_HEADER)hMod;

// From the DOS header, find the NT (PE) header

PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS pNtHdr = (PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS)(hMod + pDosHdr->e_lfanew);

PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER pSection = IMAGE_FIRST_SECTION( pNtHdr );

DWORD rva = (DWORD)addr - hMod; // RVA is offset from module load address

// Iterate through the section table, looking for the one that encompasses

// the linear address.

for ( unsigned i = 0;

i< pNtHdr->FileHeader.NumberOfSections;

i++, pSection++ )

{

DWORD sectionStart = pSection->VirtualAddress;

DWORD sectionEnd = sectionStart

+ max(pSection->SizeOfRawData, pSection->Misc.VirtualSize);

// Is the address in this section???

if ( (rva >= sectionStart)&& (rva<= sectionEnd) )

{

// Yes, address is in the section. Calculate section and offset,

// and store in the "section"& "offset" params, which were

// passed by reference.

section = i+1;

offset = rva - sectionStart;

return TRUE;

}

}

return FALSE; // Should never get here!

}

//============================================================

// Walks the stack, and writes the results to the report file

//============================================================

void MSJExceptionHandler::IntelStackWalk( PCONTEXT pContext )

{

_tprintf( _T("\nCall stack:\n") );

_tprintf( _T("Address Frame Logical addr Module\n") );

DWORD pc = pContext->Eip;

PDWORD pFrame, pPrevFrame;

pFrame = (PDWORD)pContext->Ebp;

do

{

TCHAR szModule[MAX_PATH] = _T("");

DWORD section = 0, offset = 0;

GetLogicalAddress((PVOID)pc, szModule,sizeof(szModule),section,offset );

_tprintf( _T("%08X %08X %04X:%08X %s\n"),

pc, pFrame, section, offset, szModule );

pc = pFrame[1];

pPrevFrame = pFrame;

pFrame = (PDWORD)pFrame[0]; // precede to next higher frame on stack

if ( (DWORD)pFrame& 3 ) // Frame pointer must be aligned on a

break; // DWORD boundary. Bail if not so.

if ( pFrame<= pPrevFrame )

break;

// Can two DWORDs be read from the supposed frame address?

if ( IsBadWritePtr(pFrame, sizeof(PVOID)*2) )

break;

} while ( 1 );

}

//============================================================================

// Helper function that writes to the report file, and allows the user to use

// printf style formating

//============================================================================

int __cdecl MSJExceptionHandler::_tprintf(const TCHAR * format, ...)

{

TCHAR szBuff[1024];

int retValue;

DWORD cbWritten;

va_list argptr;

va_start( argptr, format );

retValue = wvsprintf( szBuff, format, argptr );

va_end( argptr );

WriteFile( m_hReportFile, szBuff, retValue * sizeof(TCHAR),& cbWritten, 0 );

return retValue;

}