Encode and Decode TinyURL

TinyURL is a URL shortening service where you enter a URL such as

https://leetcode.com/problems/design-tinyurl

and it returns a short URL such as

http://tinyurl.com/4e9iAk

.

Design the

encode

and

decode

methods for the TinyURL service. There is no restriction on how your encode/decode algorithm should work. You just need to ensure that a URL can be encoded to a tiny URL and the tiny URL can be decoded to the original URL.

Solution: Have two maps: one for encode, another for decode. When encode the URL, be aware of whether the shorterURL has been used. If so, invoke the encode process again. When decode the URL, be aware of whether the shorterURL exists in the decode map. If not, return a null object.

1 public class Codec {
2     private HashMap<String, String> encodeMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
3     private HashMap<String, String> decodeMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
4
5     // Encodes a URL to a shortened URL.
6     public String encode(String longURL) {
7         if (encodeMap.containsKey(longURL)) return encodeMap.get(longURL);
8         String newURL = getNextCode();
9
10         encodeMap.put(longURL, newURL);
11         decodeMap.put(newURL, longURL);
12
13         return newURL;
14     }
15
16     // Decodes a shortened URL to its original URL.
17     public String decode(String shortURL) {
18         if (decodeMap.containsKey(shortURL)) return decodeMap.get(shortURL);
19         else return null;
20     }
21
22     private String getNextCode() {
23         String base = "http://tinyurl.com/";
24         String dictionary = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
25         int subLength = 6, index = 0, n = dictionary.length();
26         String extension = new String();
27         while (index++ < 6) {
28             Random rand = new Random();
29             extension += dictionary.charAt(rand.nextInt(n));
30         }
31         String newURL = base + extension;
32
33         if (decodeMap.containsKey(newURL)) return getNextCode();
34         else return newURL;
35     }
36 }
37
38 // Your Codec object will be instantiated and called as such:
39 // Codec codec = new Codec();
40 // codec.decode(codec.encode(url));