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oracle单表数据量的大小对索引性能的影响

2017-03-01 16:17 537 查看
实验内容:

表数据量与索引性能的关系

特别说明:

生产环境中的row_id为应用程序生成,无明显生成规则,因此使用row_id建立分区表可行度不高;

实验结论:

一、各表查询执行计划路线都相同,但cost、consistent gets、physical reads三个指标逐渐增加,说明数据量的增加对于CPU和物理块还是有影响的;

二、通过tkprof工具查看更详细的变化,可以观察到cr、pr、pw、time、us cost几个参数在逐渐递增;

三、随着数据量增加,索引树的高度也会增加,oracle的建议是索引树高度超过4需要重建索引,但如果因为数据量的累加而导致高度增加,重建不起作用,本人唯一了解到的办法只有物理分表,单表数据量的控制可以有效避免索引的性能恶化;

备注:本人实验中最高只将树高度顶至3,没能产生高度为4的索引,所以不清楚数据量的累加是否会导致索引树高度超过3

以下为实验步骤:

一、创建实验表

create table t_index_test as select rownum ROW_ID,to_char(round(rownum/3,2)) DESC_TEXT from

xmltable('1 to 10000');//一万笔数据

create table t_index_test_10w as select rownum ROW_ID,to_char(round(rownum/3,2)) DESC_TEXT from xmltable('1 to 100000');//十万笔数据

create table t_index_test_100w as select rownum ROW_ID,to_char(round(rownum/3,2)) DESC_TEXT from xmltable('1 to 1000000') ;//一百万笔数据

create table t_index_test_1000w as select rownum ROW_ID,to_char(round(rownum/3,2)) DESC_TEXT from xmltable('1 to 10000000') ;//一千万笔数据

create table t_index_test_10000w as select rownum ROW_ID,to_char(round(rownum/3,2)) DESC_TEXT from xmltable('1 to 100000000');//一亿笔数据

二、创建索引

create index idx_1w on t_index_test (row_id);

create index idx_10w on t_index_test_10w (row_id);

create index idx_100w on t_index_test_100w (row_id);

create index idx_1000w on t_index_test_1000w (row_id);

create index idx_10000w on t_index_test_10000w (row_id);

三、各表根据row_id查询的执行计划记录

SQL> select * from scott.t_index_test where row_id='1234';

Execution Plan

----------------------------------------------------------

Plan hash value: 2250468099

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation    | Name  | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time
  |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT    |  |
1 |35 |
2   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| T_INDEX_TEST |1 |
35 |2   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|*  2 |   INDEX RANGE SCAN    | IDX_1W  |
1 |  |
1   (0)| 00:00:01 |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

   2 - access("ROW_ID"=1234)

Note

-----

   - dynamic sampling used for this statement (level=2)

Statistics

----------------------------------------------------------
13  recursive calls
 0  db block gets
33  consistent gets
 0  physical reads
 0  redo size
607  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
523  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
 2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
 0  sorts (memory)
 0  sorts (disk)
 1  rows processed

SQL> select * from scott.t_index_test_10w where row_id='12345';

Execution Plan

----------------------------------------------------------

Plan hash value: 481348210

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation    | Name      | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT    |      |     1 |    35 |     2(0)| 00:00:01 |

|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| T_INDEX_TEST_10W |     1 |    35 |     2(0)| 00:00:01 |

|*  2 |   INDEX RANGE SCAN    | IDX_10W      |     1 |       |     1
(0)| 00:00:01 |

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

   2 - access("ROW_ID"=12345)

Note

-----

   - dynamic sampling used for this statement (level=2)

Statistics

----------------------------------------------------------
13  recursive calls
 0  db block gets
74  consistent gets
 1  physical reads
 0  redo size
606  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
523  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
 2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
 0  sorts (memor
4000
y)
 0  sorts (disk)
 1  rows processed

SQL> select * from scott.t_index_test_100w where row_id='123456';

Execution Plan

----------------------------------------------------------

Plan hash value: 1315594877

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation    | Name| Rows
| Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time|

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT    ||     1 |    35 |    
4   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| T_INDEX_TEST_100W |     1 |    35 |     4   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|*  2 |   INDEX RANGE SCAN    | IDX_100W|     1 |
|     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

   2 - access("ROW_ID"=123456)

Note

-----

   - dynamic sampling used for this statement (level=2)

Statistics

----------------------------------------------------------
13  recursive calls
 0  db block gets
75  consistent gets
 2  physical reads
 0  redo size
607  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
523  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
 2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
 0  sorts (memory)
 0  sorts (disk)
 1  rows processed

SQL> select * from scott.t_index_test_1000w where row_id='1234567';

Execution Plan

----------------------------------------------------------

Plan hash value: 2655249834

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation    | Name| Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time
|

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT    ||     1 |    35 |    
4   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| T_INDEX_TEST_1000W |     1 |    35 |     4   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|*  2 |   INDEX RANGE SCAN    | IDX_1000W
|     1 | |     3   (0)| 00:00:01 |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

   2 - access("ROW_ID"=1234567)

Note

-----

   - dynamic sampling used for this statement (level=2)

Statistics

----------------------------------------------------------
13  recursive calls
 0  db block gets
84  consistent gets
 2  physical reads
 0  redo size
612  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
523  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
 2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
 0  sorts (memory)
 0  sorts (disk)
 1  rows processed

SQL> select * from scott.t_index_test_10000w where row_id='12345678';

Execution Plan

----------------------------------------------------------

Plan hash value: 584708459

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation    | Name | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time
 |

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT    | |
1 |    35 |4
  (0)| 00:00:01 |

|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| T_INDEX_TEST_10000W |1 |    35 |
4   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|*  2 |   INDEX RANGE SCAN    | IDX_10000W |
1 |  |
3   (0)| 00:00:01 |

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

   2 - access("ROW_ID"=12345678)

Note

-----

   - dynamic sampling used for this statement (level=2)

Statistics

----------------------------------------------------------
13  recursive calls
 0  db block gets
86  consistent gets
 3  physical reads
 0  redo size
610  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
523  bytes received via SQL*Net from client
 2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
 0  sorts (memory)
 0  sorts (disk)
 1  rows processed

四、tkprof工具生成结果的记录

********************************************************************************

SQL ID: 3as912cxvm33j Plan Hash: 2250468099

select * 

from

 scott.t_index_test where row_id=:"SYS_B_0"

call     count       cpu    elapsed       disk      query    current        rows

------- ------  -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------  ----------

Parse        1      0.00       0.00          0         13          0           0

Execute      1      0.01       0.05          0         29          0           0

Fetch        2      0.00       0.00          0          4          0           1

------- ------  -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------  ----------

total        4      0.02       0.05          0         46          0           1

Misses in library cache during parse: 1

Optimizer mode: ALL_ROWS

Parsing user id: SYS

Number of plan statistics captured: 1

Rows (1st) Rows (avg) Rows (max)  Row Source Operation

---------- ---------- ----------  ---------------------------------------------------

         1          1          1  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID T_INDEX_TEST (cr=4 pr=0 pw=0 time=171 us cost=2 size=35 card=1)

         1          1          1   INDEX RANGE SCAN IDX_1W (cr=3 pr=0 pw=0 time=168 us cost=1 size=0 card=1)(object id 89045)

Elapsed times include waiting on following events:

  Event waited on                             Times   Max. Wait  Total Waited

  ----------------------------------------   Waited  ----------  ------------

  SQL*Net message to client                       2        0.00          0.00

  SQL*Net message from client                     2       29.27         29.27

********************************************************************************

SQL ID: 51mvppfk9ajaz Plan Hash: 481348210

select * 

from

 scott.t_index_test_10w where row_id=:"SYS_B_0"

call     count       cpu    elapsed       disk      query    current        rows

------- ------  -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------  ----------

Parse        1      0.00       0.00          0          0          0           0

Execute      1      0.00       0.00          0          2          0           0

Fetch        2      0.00       0.00          0          4          0           1

------- ------  -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------  ----------

total        4      0.00       0.00          0          6          0           1

Misses in library cache during parse: 1

Optimizer mode: ALL_ROWS

Parsing user id: SYS

Number of plan statistics captured: 1

Rows (1st) Rows (avg) Rows (max)  Row Source Operation

---------- ---------- ----------  ---------------------------------------------------

         1          1          1  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID T_INDEX_TEST_10W (cr=4 pr=0 pw=0 time=925 us cost=2size=35 card=1)

         1          1          1   INDEX RANGE SCAN IDX_10W (cr=3 pr=0 pw=0 time=889 us cost=1 size=0 card=1)(object id 89046)

Elapsed times include waiting on following events:

  Event waited on                             Times   Max. Wait  Total Waited

  ----------------------------------------   Waited  ----------  ------------

  SQL*Net message to client                       2        0.00          0.00

  SQL*Net message from client                     2       24.43         24.43

********************************************************************************

SQL ID: 8wuk0v6rkjxxw Plan Hash: 1315594877

select * 

from

 scott.t_index_test_100w where row_id=:"SYS_B_0"

call     count       cpu    elapsed       disk      query    current        rows

------- ------  -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------  ----------

Parse        1      0.00       0.00          0          0          0           0

Execute      1      0.00       0.00          0          2          0           0

Fetch        2      0.00       0.01          1          5          0           1

------- ------  -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------  ----------

total        4      0.00       0.01          1          7          0           1

Misses in library cache during parse: 1

Optimizer mode: ALL_ROWS

Parsing user id: SYS

Number of plan statistics captured: 1

Rows (1st) Rows (avg) Rows (max)  Row Source Operation

---------- ---------- ----------  ---------------------------------------------------

         1          1          1  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID T_INDEX_TEST_100W (cr=5 pr=1 pw=0 time=18161 us cost=4 size=35 card=1)

         1          1          1   INDEX RANGE SCAN IDX_100W (cr=4 pr=0 pw=0 time=20 us cost=3 size=0 card=1)(object id 89047)

Elapsed times include waiting on following events:

  Event waited on                             Times   Max. Wait  Total Waited

  ----------------------------------------   Waited  ----------  ------------

  SQL*Net message to client                       2        0.00          0.00

  db file sequential read                         1        0.01          0.01

  SQL*Net message from client                     2       18.90         18.90

********************************************************************************

SQL ID: 7chhd95b0jrzn Plan Hash: 2655249834

select * 

from

 scott.t_index_test_1000w where row_id=:"SYS_B_0"

call     count       cpu    elapsed       disk      query    current        rows

------- ------  -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------  ----------

Parse        1      0.00       0.00          0          0          0           0

Execute      1      0.00       0.00          0          2          0           0

Fetch        2      0.00       0.01          1          5          0           1

------- ------  -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------  ----------

total        4      0.00       0.01          1          7          0           1

Misses in library cache during parse: 1

Optimizer mode: ALL_ROWS

Parsing user id: SYS

Number of plan statistics captured: 1

Rows (1st) Rows (avg) Rows (max)  Row Source Operation

---------- ---------- ----------  ---------------------------------------------------

         1          1          1  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID T_INDEX_TEST_1000W (cr=5 pr=1 pw=0 time=17290 us cost=4 size=35 card=1)

         1          1          1   INDEX RANGE SCAN IDX_1000W (cr=4 pr=0 pw=0 time=19 us cost=3 size=0 card=1)(object id 89048)

Elapsed times include waiting on following events:

  Event waited on                             Times   Max. Wait  Total Waited

  ----------------------------------------  
ae48
Waited  ----------  ------------

  SQL*Net message to client                       2        0.00          0.00

  db file sequential read                         1        0.01          0.01

  SQL*Net message from client                     2       18.32         18.32

********************************************************************************

SQL ID: 9m9uc8ugxgjmn Plan Hash: 584708459

select * 

from

 scott.t_index_test_10000w where row_id=:"SYS_B_0"

call     count       cpu    elapsed       disk      query    current        rows

------- ------  -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------  ----------

Parse        1      0.00       0.00          0          0          0           0

Execute      1      0.00       0.00          0          2          0           0

Fetch        2      0.00       0.02          1          5          0           1

------- ------  -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------  ----------

total        4      0.00       0.02          1          7          0           1

Misses in library cache during parse: 1

Optimizer mode: ALL_ROWS

Parsing user id: SYS

Number of plan statistics captured: 1

Rows (1st) Rows (avg) Rows (max)  Row Source Operation

---------- ---------- ----------  ---------------------------------------------------

         1          1          1  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID T_INDEX_TEST_10000W (cr=5 pr=1 pw=0 time=22253 us cost=4 size=35 card=1)

         1          1          1   INDEX RANGE SCAN IDX_10000W (cr=4 pr=0 pw=0 time=22 us cost=3 size=0 card=1)(object id 89049)

Elapsed times include waiting on following events:

  Event waited on                             Times   Max. Wait  Total Waited

  ----------------------------------------   Waited  ----------  ------------

  SQL*Net message to client                       2        0.00          0.00

  db file sequential read                         1        0.02          0.02

  SQL*Net message from client                     2        6.83          6.83

********************************************************************************

五、查看索引树高度记录

SQL> select s.table_name,s.index_name,s.blevel from dba_indexes s where s.index_name like 'IDX_1%'

  2  ;

TABLE_NAME       INDEX_NAME BLEVEL

------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------

T_INDEX_TEST       IDX_1W      1

T_INDEX_TEST_10W       IDX_10W      1

T_INDEX_TEST_100W       IDX_100W
      2

T_INDEX_TEST_1000W       IDX_1000W      2

T_INDEX_TEST_10000W       IDX_10000W      2
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