通过Nginx主配置文件来理解各项组件功能

0.说明

Nginx功能非常强大，仅仅是通过主配置文件nginx.conf的使用就可以体现出来，为了方便学习和查漏，将其主配置文件的完整内容列出来，并加上个人的一些理解以作为笔记，从而去加深记忆。

1.Nginx主配置文件与说明

如下：

#user  nobody;
# ====================================Main区==================================== #
# Main区为Nginx核心功能模块
worker_processes  1;    # worker进程的数量

#error_log  logs/error.log;            # Nginx错误日志配
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;    # notice, info为错误日志级别
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;      # 一般使用warn|error|crit这三个级别

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;
# ====================================Main区==================================== #

# ====================================events区==================================== #
# events区为Nginx核心功能模块
events {
worker_connections  1024;    # 每个worker进程支持的最大连接数
}
# ====================================events区==================================== #

# ====================================HTTP区==================================== #
# http区为Nginx核心功能模块
http {
include       mime.types;    # Nginx支持的媒体类型库文件
default_type  application/octet-stream;    # 默认的媒体类型

# =========访问日志配置======== #
# 开始这三行为日志格式
#log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
#                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
#                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

# 这一行为记录日志的参数，第一个参数为关键字参数，第二个为日志目录，第三个为使用的日志格式
#access_log  logs/access.log  main;
# =========访问日志配置======== #

sendfile        on;    # 开启高效传输模式
#tcp_nopush     on;

#keepalive_timeout  0;
keepalive_timeout  65;    # 连接超时时间

#gzip  on;

server {                    # server区块，表示一个独立的虚拟主机站点
listen       80;        # 提供服务的端口
server_name  localhost; # 提供服务的域名主机名

#charset koi8-r;

#access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

location / {            # location区块
root   html;        # 站点的根目录，相当于Nginx的安装目录
index  index.html index.htm;    # 默认的首页文件，多个用空格分开
}
# [扩展功能1：实现Nginx status] #
##status
server{
listen 80;
server_name status.etiantian.org;
location / {
stub_status on;
access_log off;
}
}
# [扩展功能1：实现Nginx status] #

#error_page  404              /404.html;

# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;    # 出现对应的http状态码时，使用50x.html回应客户
location = /50x.html {        # location区块，访问50x.html
root   html;              # 指定对应的站点目录为html
}

# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
#    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1; #}

# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
#    root           html;
#    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
#    fastcgi_index  index.php;
#    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
#    include        fastcgi_params;
#}

# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
#    deny  all;
#}
}

# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
#    listen       8000;
#    listen       somename:8080;
#    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

#    location / {
#        root   html;
#        index  index.html index.htm;
#    }
#}

# HTTPS server
#
#server {
#    listen       443 ssl;
#    server_name  localhost;

#    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
#    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

#    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
#    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

#    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
#    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

#    location / {
#        root   html;
#        index  index.html index.htm;
#    }
#}

}
# ====================================HTTP区==================================== #

2.下一步要做什么

持续更新本博文，并在用中加深学习和理解。

3.参考资料

《跟老男孩学Linux运维：Web集群》