pyhon模块-5

xml是实现不同语言或程序之间进行数据交换的协议，跟json差不多，但json使用起来更简单

至今很多传统公司如金融行业的很多系统的接口还主要是xml

xml是通过<>节点来区别数据结构的：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<OPTION>
<Graphic Ver="15" ExclusiveMode="false" FullScreen="false" VSync="false" Refresh="0" TopMost="false" FixedSet="0" WindowPosX="-10" WindowPosY="2" WindowWidth="1914" WindowHeight="1006" FullScreenWidth="1920" FullScreenHeight="1080" HardwareSkinning="false">
<Quality_User>
<Texture Detail="2" Bias="-0.5" />
<Water Detail="1" />
<Effect Detail="2" />
<Shadow ActorShadowDetail="3" SceneShadowDetail="3" />
<Fog Detail="2" />
<Hdr Enable="true" />
<Glow Enable="true" />
<DOF Enable="true" />
<SSAO Enable="false" />
<RimLight Enable="true" />
<DepthFog Enable="false" />
<Antialias Enable="true" />
<NetworkPet Enable="true" />
<ViewDistance Value="2" />
<Filter MapObjectLV1="true" MapObjectVolumeFog="false" />
<ClipDist FarPlane="156000" DecorationLOD="0.53713" Pc="6750" Pet="4050" Npc="9045" NpcSP="15000" Monster="6750" MonsterSP="15000" Boss="15000" GameObject="6750" Effect="5400" MeshEffect="4050" Decal="5400" GhostTrail="4050" DynamicLight="4050" Chain="4050" Shadow="4050" NamePlate="4050" MapObjectLV1="15000" MapObjectLV2="30000" MapObjectLV3="60000" MapObjectLV4="105000" MapObjectLV5="150000" MapObjectLV6="60000" MapObjectVolumeFog="14400" />
<SceneTheme FogColorBlendTime="5" ShadowMoveTime="5" SkyColorBlendTime="5" SkyTextureBlendTime="5" LightPosOriMoveTime="5" SunColorBlendTime="5" />
</Quality_User>
</Graphic>
<Sound Ver="2">
<SoundMute Value="false" />
<RepeatBGM Value="true" />
<ExclusiveMode Value="true" />
<VolumeBGM Volume="0.5" />
<VolumeFX Volume="1" />
<VolumeEnv Volume="0.7" />
<VolumeUI Volume="0.5" />
<VolumeVoice Volume="1" />
</Sound>
<UI Ver="8">
<Battle AutoAttack="true" CounterAttack="true" SmartCasting="false" />
<Indicate LocalPlayerName="true" PartyMemberName="true" LocalNationName="true" OtherNationName="true" MontserName="true" GuideName="true" LocalPlayerBar="true" PartyMemberBar="true" LocalNationBar="true" OtherNationBar="true" MonsterBar="true" PetName="true" NpcName="true" NpcBar="true" />
<BattleMSG TargetDamage="true" Circumstances="true" Damage="true" DodgeOrBlock="true" HpRecovery="true" MpRecovery="true" GetExp="true" />
<Community SlangFilter="true" NormalChatBubble="true" PartyChatBubble="true" InvitePartyRejection="false" RequestTradeRejection="false" RequestDuelRejection="false" InviteGuildRejection="false" ConnectGuideMember="true" />
<ETC QuestTake="true" QuestComplete="true" Skill="true" Genome="true" Help="true" ShowAutoGuide="true" ShakeSensitivity="5" RotateSensitivity="1" DistStep="7" MultiThreadAnim="false" OpenEventDlg="true" OpenGuideDlg="true" />
</UI>
</OPTION>

 xml协议在各种语言里面都是可支持的，在python中，使用下面的模块来对xml进行操作：

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

tree = ET.parse("option.xml")    #打开xml文件
root = tree.getroot()   #获取根节点
print(root.tag) #打印根节点的标签

 执行结果：

OPTION

 遍历整个xml：

for child in root:
print(child.tag,child.attrib)   #打印孩子节点的标签和属性

 执行结果：

Graphic {'WindowWidth': '1914', 'Refresh': '0', 'FullScreenHeight': '1080', 'HardwareSkinning': 'false', 'WindowHeight': '1006', 'Ver': '15', 'FixedSet': '0', 'TopMost': 'false', 'FullScreenWidth': '1920', 'WindowPosX': '-10', 'ExclusiveMode': 'false', 'WindowPosY': '2', 'VSync': 'false', 'FullScreen': 'false'}
Sound {'Ver': '2'}
UI {'Ver': '8'}

 遍历指定属性：

for child in root:
for i in child.iter('Quality_User'):    #指定遍历Quality_User
for x in i:
print(x.tag,x.text,x.attrib)    #text是值

 执行结果：

Texture None {'Detail': '2', 'Bias': '-0.5'}
Water None {'Detail': '1'}
Effect None {'Detail': '2'}
Shadow None {'SceneShadowDetail': '3', 'ActorShadowDetail': '3'}
Fog None {'Detail': '2'}
Hdr None {'Enable': 'true'}
Glow None {'Enable': 'true'}
DOF None {'Enable': 'true'}
SSAO None {'Enable': 'false'}
RimLight None {'Enable': 'true'}
DepthFog None {'Enable': 'false'}
Antialias None {'Enable': 'true'}
NetworkPet None {'Enable': 'true'}
ViewDistance None {'Value': '2'}
Filter None {'MapObjectLV1': 'true', 'MapObjectVolumeFog': 'false'}
ClipDist None {'Boss': '15000', 'Monster': '6750', 'Pc': '6750', 'MapObjectVolumeFog': '14400', 'Chain': '4050', 'Pet': '4050', 'MapObjectLV4': '105000', 'MapObjectLV2': '30000', 'FarPlane': '156000', 'NamePlate': '4050', 'Effect': '5400', 'DynamicLight': '4050', 'MonsterSP': '15000', 'MapObjectLV6': '60000', 'MeshEffect': '4050', 'DecorationLOD': '0.53713', 'MapObjectLV5': '150000', 'GameObject': '6750', 'Decal': '5400', 'Npc': '9045', 'NpcSP': '15000', 'Shadow': '4050', 'MapObjectLV3': '60000', 'GhostTrail': '4050', 'MapObjectLV1': '15000'}
SceneTheme None {'SunColorBlendTime': '5', 'ShadowMoveTime': '5', 'FogColorBlendTime': '5', 'SkyTextureBlendTime': '5', 'SkyColorBlendTime': '5', 'LightPosOriMoveTime': '5'}

 修改：

for child in root:
for i in child.iter('Quality_User'):
for x in i.iter('Water'):
print(x.tag, x.text, x.attrib)  # text是值
new_detail = '2'
x.text = str(new_detail)    #新增值为2
x.set("changed",'yes')      #set，增加标签属性“changed”，值为“yes”

tree.write('option.xml')

 执行完成后，文件更新为

<Texture Bias="-0.5" Detail="2" />
<Water Detail="1" changed="yes">2</Water>
<Effect Detail="2" />
<Shadow ActorShadowDetail="3" SceneShadowDetail="3" />

 删除：

 将刚刚修改的‘Water’节点信息删除掉：

for child in root:
for node in child.iter('Quality_User'):
for key in node.findall('Water'):
print(key.tag,key.text,key.attrib)
if key.tag == 'Water':
node.remove(key)

tree.write('option2.xml')

 为了区分，我们将信息保存在option2.xml中

 执行完成后，option2.xml中，已经没有了刚刚的‘Water’节点： 

<Texture Bias="-0.5" Detail="2" />
<Effect Detail="2" />
<Shadow ActorShadowDetail="3" SceneShadowDetail="3" />

 创建xml文档：

xml2 = ET.Element("Member")
name = ET.SubElement(xml2,'person1',attrib={'name':'s1','enroll':'yes'})    #创建根节点person1，属性有name，enroall
age = ET.SubElement(name,'age',attrib={'checked':'no'}) #创建孩子节点age，属性有checked
age.text = '24' #age的内容为24
sex = ET.SubElement(name,'sex') #创建孩子节点sex
sex.text = 'Female' #sex的内容为Female
name2 = ET.SubElement(xml2,'person2',attrib={'name':'s2','enroll':'no'})
age2 = ET.SubElement(name2,'age',attrib={'checked':'yes'})
age2.text = '32'
sex2 = ET.SubElement(name2,'sex')
sex2.text = 'Male'

et = ET.ElementTree(xml2)
et.write('test4.xml',encoding='utf-8',xml_declaration=True)

 注意，xml_declaration = True，是指在xml中生成申明：

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>

 执行完成后，会生成test4.xml文件：

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<Member>
<person1 enroll="yes" name="s1">
<age checked="no">24</age>
<sex>Female</sex>
</person1>
<person2 enroll="no" name="s2">
<age checked="yes">32</age>
<sex>Male</sex>
</person2>
</Member>