ansible安装以及配置优化和实现动态inventory

系统环境

# uname -a
Linux puppetserver25 2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Sun Nov 10 22:19:54 EST 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

# cat /etc/issue
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.5 (Santiago)
Kernel \r on an \m

# python -V
Python 2.6.6

所需要的rpm包

ansible-2.2.1.0-1.el6.noarch.rpm
libyaml-0.1.3-4.el6_6.x86_64.rpm
python-argparse-1.2.1-2.1.el6.noarch.rpm
python-crypto2.6-2.6.1-2.el6.x86_64.rpm
python-httplib2-0.7.7-1.el6.noarch.rpm
python-jinja2-26-2.6-3.el6.noarch.rpm
python-keyczar-0.71c-1.el6.noarch.rpm
python-six-1.9.0-2.el6.noarch.rpm
PyYAML-3.10-3.1.el6.x86_64.rpm
sshpass-1.05-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
python-crypto2.6-2.6.1-2.el6.x86_64

服务器如果可以出公网可以使用pip或者yum安装ansible
1.安装ansible

yum install ansible -y

2.配置ansible，优化配置，提高ansible性能【/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg】

[defaults]
forks          = 150
transport      = paramiko
#使用facter缓存，默认使用内存，支持redis
gathering = implicit
fact_caching_timeout = 86400
fact_caching = jsonfile
fact_caching_connection = /etc/ansible/facts/cache
host_key_checking = False
remote_user = test
deprecation_warnings = False
callback_plugins   = /etc/ansible/callback_plugins
retry_files_enabled = False
[privilege_escalation]
become=True
become_method=sudo
become_user=root
become_ask_pass=False
[paramiko_connection]
[ssh_connection]
ssh_args = -C -o ControlMaster=auto -o ControlPersist=60s -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no
pipelining = True
[accelerate]
[selinux]
[colors]

优化ssh，提高ansible性能

$ more ~/.ssh/config
Host *
Compression yes
ServerAliveInterval 60
ServerAliveCountMax 5
ControlMaster auto
ControlPath ~/.ssh/%r@%h-%p
ControlPersist 4h

3.启用ansible的callback_plugins 显示ansible-playbook的执行时间

$ more callback_plugins/profile_tasks.py
import datetime
import os
import time
from ansible.plugins.callback import CallbackBase

class CallbackModule(CallbackBase):
"""
A plugin for timing tasks
"""
def __init__(self):
super(CallbackModule, self).__init__()
self.stats = {}
self.current = None

def playbook_on_task_start(self, name, is_conditional):
"""
Logs the start of each task
"""

if os.getenv("ANSIBLE_PROFILE_DISABLE") is not None:
return

if self.current is not None:
# Record the running time of the last executed task
self.stats[self.current] = time.time() - self.stats[self.current]

# Record the start time of the current task
self.current = name
self.stats[self.current] = time.time()

def playbook_on_stats(self, stats):
"""
Prints the timings
"""

if os.getenv("ANSIBLE_PROFILE_DISABLE") is not None:
return

# Record the timing of the very last task
if self.current is not None:
self.stats[self.current] = time.time() - self.stats[self.current]

# Sort the tasks by their running time
results = sorted(
self.stats.items(),
key=lambda value: value[1],
reverse=True,
)

# Just keep the top 10
results = results[:10]

# Print the timings
for name, elapsed in results:
print(
"{0:-<70}{1:->9}".format(
'{0} '.format(name),
' {0:.02f}s'.format(elapsed),
)
)

total_seconds = sum([x[1] for x in self.stats.items()])
print("\nPlaybook finished: {0}, {1} total tasks.  {2} elapsed. \n".format(
time.asctime(),
len(self.stats.items()),
datetime.timedelta(seconds=(int(total_seconds)))
)
)

执行的效果如下

test connection --------------------------------------------------------- 1.17s

Playbook finished: Wed Feb 15 13:09:06 2017, 1 total tasks.  0:00:01 elapsed.

4.编写ansible的动态inventory脚本

$ more inventory.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
import argparse
import sys

try:
import json
except ImportError:
import simplejson as json

def RFile():
with open('hostlist.txt', 'r+') as f:
result=[]
for line in f.readlines():
host = line.strip().split()
if host:
result.append(host)
return result

host_list = RFile()

def groupList():
group_list = []
for host in host_list:
group_list.append(host[1])
print (json.dumps({"all":group_list},indent=4))

def hostList(key):
host_dict = {}
for host in host_list:
host_dict[host[1]] = {"ansible_ssh_host": host[1],"ansible_ssh_port":9999, "ansible_ssh_user":"test","ansible_ssh_pass":
"test","hostname":host[0]}
print (json.dumps(host_dict[key], indent=4))

if len(sys.argv) == 2 and (sys.argv[1] == '--list'):
groupList()
elif len(sys.argv) == 3 and (sys.argv[1] == '--host'):
hostList(sys.argv[2])
else:
print "Usage: %s --list or --host <hostname>" % sys.argv[0]
sys.exit(1)

主机列表如下
more hostlist.txt
backup01.cn 10.44.245.85

测试playbook：test.yml

$ more test.yml
- hosts: all
remote_user: test
gather_facts: no
become: yes
become_method: sudo
tasks:
- name: test connection
ping:

执行结果如下：

$ ansible-playbook -i inventory.py test.yml

PLAY [all] *********************************************************************

TASK [test connection] *********************************************************
ok: [10.44.245.85]

PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************
10.44.245.85               : ok=1    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0

test connection --------------------------------------------------------- 1.17s

Playbook finished: Wed Feb 15 13:20:09 2017, 1 total tasks.  0:00:01 elapsed.